lec07_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... surround regions of low energy. The more contour lines, the lower the energy. The + symbol in this plot represent the phi and psi angles for each residue in a protein called protein G. Note that almost all of the residues adopt phi and psi angles that are compatible with either beta-structure or an ...
... surround regions of low energy. The more contour lines, the lower the energy. The + symbol in this plot represent the phi and psi angles for each residue in a protein called protein G. Note that almost all of the residues adopt phi and psi angles that are compatible with either beta-structure or an ...
Chapter 2 ppt B
... • Molecules that contain carbon – Except CO2 and CO, which are considered inorganic – Carbon is electroneutral • Shares electrons; never gains or loses them • Forms four covalent bonds with other elements ...
... • Molecules that contain carbon – Except CO2 and CO, which are considered inorganic – Carbon is electroneutral • Shares electrons; never gains or loses them • Forms four covalent bonds with other elements ...
... Explain in terms of the characteristics of the amino acid why each of these mutant versions cannot bind to the substrate. • Mutant 1: Although both Leu and Gly are hydrophobic, nonpolar amino acids, the side-chain of leu is much bigger than that of Gly. Hence it might prevent the formation of the s ...
Word
... amino acids; (b) pKa values of functional groups; and (c) table of logarithms. A simple calculator is supplied for your use during this exam. No other electronic or computational devices are to be used. Turn off cell phones; keep them out of sight. The proctors have the authority/responsibility ...
... amino acids; (b) pKa values of functional groups; and (c) table of logarithms. A simple calculator is supplied for your use during this exam. No other electronic or computational devices are to be used. Turn off cell phones; keep them out of sight. The proctors have the authority/responsibility ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... only 20 amino acids. So, different codons can code for the same amino acid. ...
... only 20 amino acids. So, different codons can code for the same amino acid. ...
Carbohydrates
... monosaccharides join together with a loss of a water molecule each time. • They may be straight or branched • Examples: Starch, pectin, cellulose, gums & glycogen • Pectin, cellulose & gums are also known as Non-Starch Polysaccharides • Starch is made up of glucose units arranged as ...
... monosaccharides join together with a loss of a water molecule each time. • They may be straight or branched • Examples: Starch, pectin, cellulose, gums & glycogen • Pectin, cellulose & gums are also known as Non-Starch Polysaccharides • Starch is made up of glucose units arranged as ...
Hypoxia Oxidative phosphorylation contribution to ATP production
... How is oxygen sensed by cells? Hypoxia-induced gene expression via HIF. HIF1 is constitutively expressed. A heme-based receptor detects O2 levels and leads to an oxygen-dependent modification of HIF1. This modification allows HIF1 to be ubiquinated, which targets it for destruction. When HIF1 is no ...
... How is oxygen sensed by cells? Hypoxia-induced gene expression via HIF. HIF1 is constitutively expressed. A heme-based receptor detects O2 levels and leads to an oxygen-dependent modification of HIF1. This modification allows HIF1 to be ubiquinated, which targets it for destruction. When HIF1 is no ...
week 5_carbohydrates cont
... • Long, unbranched chains of D-glucose residues. • Linked by α-(1,4) glycosidic bonds • Amylose has one reducing end in which ring can open to form a free aldehyde group with reducing properties. • The internal anomeric carbon- involved in acetal lingkages and not free to act as reducing agents. • L ...
... • Long, unbranched chains of D-glucose residues. • Linked by α-(1,4) glycosidic bonds • Amylose has one reducing end in which ring can open to form a free aldehyde group with reducing properties. • The internal anomeric carbon- involved in acetal lingkages and not free to act as reducing agents. • L ...
Chapter 6
... The baking and winemaking industry have used alcohol fermentation for thousands of years ...
... The baking and winemaking industry have used alcohol fermentation for thousands of years ...
Final Presentation Abstract Booklet
... protein Ras and a tumor suppressor, NF1, which regulates Ras. RAS is a signal transducer, a molecular switch with two states: an “on” state, which contains the GTP nucleic acid, and an “off” state, which contains the GDP nucleic acid. The “switch” is turned on by growth factor receptors such as epid ...
... protein Ras and a tumor suppressor, NF1, which regulates Ras. RAS is a signal transducer, a molecular switch with two states: an “on” state, which contains the GTP nucleic acid, and an “off” state, which contains the GDP nucleic acid. The “switch” is turned on by growth factor receptors such as epid ...
Q#1,2,5-8 pg. 194
... monitored constantly, and the bacteria are cultured in a way that prevents the strain that is being used from crossbreeding with other strains or becoming contaminated with other strains. C. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The water used in any fermentation process is generally distilled and filter ...
... monitored constantly, and the bacteria are cultured in a way that prevents the strain that is being used from crossbreeding with other strains or becoming contaminated with other strains. C. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The water used in any fermentation process is generally distilled and filter ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test Bluff Questions
... 13. During aerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 38 14. During anaerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 2 15. Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from where? a. Sun 16. Where do heterotrophs g ...
... 13. During aerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 38 14. During anaerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 2 15. Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from where? a. Sun 16. Where do heterotrophs g ...
Chapters 14 and 15 Outline
... Standard solution – a solution that contains the precisely known concentration of a solute. Primary standard – is a highly purified solid compound used to check the concentration of the known solution in a titration. ...
... Standard solution – a solution that contains the precisely known concentration of a solute. Primary standard – is a highly purified solid compound used to check the concentration of the known solution in a titration. ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies
... Fed state: Malonyl-CoA formed in the fed state is a potent inhibitor of CPT-1. Under these conditions, free fatty acids enter the liver cell in low concentrations and are nearly all esterified to acylglycerols and transported out as VLDL. Starvation: Free fatty acid concentration increases with sta ...
... Fed state: Malonyl-CoA formed in the fed state is a potent inhibitor of CPT-1. Under these conditions, free fatty acids enter the liver cell in low concentrations and are nearly all esterified to acylglycerols and transported out as VLDL. Starvation: Free fatty acid concentration increases with sta ...
Document
... •Hormones - proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many processes in organisms. Hormones are usually quite small and can be classifies as peptides (2-100 aa.) Best known protein hormones are: insulin, growth factors, etc. •Transport proteins - These proteins are transporting or store so ...
... •Hormones - proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many processes in organisms. Hormones are usually quite small and can be classifies as peptides (2-100 aa.) Best known protein hormones are: insulin, growth factors, etc. •Transport proteins - These proteins are transporting or store so ...
Tris-HCl (1 M, pH 7.5) - InnovoGENE Biosciences
... InnovoGENE Biosciences 919 Fraser Drive, Unit 11 Burlington, ON, Canada, L7L 4X8 Phone: 289-427-5082 www.innovogene.com [email protected] ...
... InnovoGENE Biosciences 919 Fraser Drive, Unit 11 Burlington, ON, Canada, L7L 4X8 Phone: 289-427-5082 www.innovogene.com [email protected] ...
A1990CK52000002
... center of gravity has shifted to what we call that the Naturwissenschaften paper has been cited in over 490 publications, making it the molecular biology (including mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and most-cited paper for this journal.] even electrotechnics). After it had be ...
... center of gravity has shifted to what we call that the Naturwissenschaften paper has been cited in over 490 publications, making it the molecular biology (including mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and most-cited paper for this journal.] even electrotechnics). After it had be ...
A1990CK51900002
... center of gravity has shifted to what we call that the Naturwissenschaften paper has been cited in over 490 publications, making it the molecular biology (including mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and most-cited paper for this journal.] even electrotechnics). After it had be ...
... center of gravity has shifted to what we call that the Naturwissenschaften paper has been cited in over 490 publications, making it the molecular biology (including mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and most-cited paper for this journal.] even electrotechnics). After it had be ...
A1990CK52000001
... center of gravity has shifted to what we call that the Naturwissenschaften paper has been cited in over 490 publications, making it the molecular biology (including mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and most-cited paper for this journal.] even electrotechnics). After it had be ...
... center of gravity has shifted to what we call that the Naturwissenschaften paper has been cited in over 490 publications, making it the molecular biology (including mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology, genetics, and most-cited paper for this journal.] even electrotechnics). After it had be ...
CHNOPS Lab
... Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. Genes are lengths of DNA molecules that determine the structure of polypeptides (the building blocks of proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino ...
... Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. Genes are lengths of DNA molecules that determine the structure of polypeptides (the building blocks of proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino ...
electron transport chain
... • Unlike the explosive release of heat energy that would occur when H2 and O2 combine, cellular respiration uses an electron transport chain to break the transport of electrons to O2 into several ...
... • Unlike the explosive release of heat energy that would occur when H2 and O2 combine, cellular respiration uses an electron transport chain to break the transport of electrons to O2 into several ...
END OF SEMESTER EXAM PREPARATION AND REVISION
... − Release factor enters ribosome after stop codon is reached − Release factor binds to A site and translation is terminated − Ribosome dissociates and releases a newly formed protein ...
... − Release factor enters ribosome after stop codon is reached − Release factor binds to A site and translation is terminated − Ribosome dissociates and releases a newly formed protein ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.