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... - Pyruvate is reduced to lactate. - Accumulation of lactate causes the muscles to tire and sore. - Then we breathe rapidly to repay the O2. - Most lactate is transported to liver to convert back into pyruvate. ...
... - Pyruvate is reduced to lactate. - Accumulation of lactate causes the muscles to tire and sore. - Then we breathe rapidly to repay the O2. - Most lactate is transported to liver to convert back into pyruvate. ...
Study guide Unit 4 Energy Cellular Repsiration KEY
... 13. List cellular activities that require the energy of ATP. Used in making RNA and DNA • Making polysaccharides • Assembly of proteins • Active transport across cell membranes • Nerve impulses • Muscle contraction • Movement of cilia and flagella • Bioluminescence ...
... 13. List cellular activities that require the energy of ATP. Used in making RNA and DNA • Making polysaccharides • Assembly of proteins • Active transport across cell membranes • Nerve impulses • Muscle contraction • Movement of cilia and flagella • Bioluminescence ...
What type of electron is available to form bonds?
... b. All enzymes have the same shape as their substrates. c. Enzymes are proteins. d. The shape of an enzyme allows it to do its job. ...
... b. All enzymes have the same shape as their substrates. c. Enzymes are proteins. d. The shape of an enzyme allows it to do its job. ...
Spectrophotometer 2 R
... Because enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyse, enzyme assays usually follow changes in the concentration of either substrates or products to measure the rate of reaction. There are many methods of measurement. Spectrophotometric assays observe change in the absorbance of light betw ...
... Because enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyse, enzyme assays usually follow changes in the concentration of either substrates or products to measure the rate of reaction. There are many methods of measurement. Spectrophotometric assays observe change in the absorbance of light betw ...
Slide 1
... Fat catabolism: generation of energy by fatty acid oxidation Fat (triacylglycerol) and Fatty Acids: 90% of dietary lipids are tryacylglycerol, a hydrophobic, neutral molecule made from reaction of OH group of glycerol and COO- group of fatty acids. Fatty acids are made up of a long hydrophobic hydro ...
... Fat catabolism: generation of energy by fatty acid oxidation Fat (triacylglycerol) and Fatty Acids: 90% of dietary lipids are tryacylglycerol, a hydrophobic, neutral molecule made from reaction of OH group of glycerol and COO- group of fatty acids. Fatty acids are made up of a long hydrophobic hydro ...
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
... Carbon and hydrogen atoms both have very similar electronegativities, so electrons in C—C and C—H bonds are evenly distributed, and there are no significant differences in charge over the molecular surface. For this reason, hydrocarbons are nonpolar. Most organic molecules that are produced by cells ...
... Carbon and hydrogen atoms both have very similar electronegativities, so electrons in C—C and C—H bonds are evenly distributed, and there are no significant differences in charge over the molecular surface. For this reason, hydrocarbons are nonpolar. Most organic molecules that are produced by cells ...
Biology Passage 2 - HCC Learning Web
... c. do not affect the Vmax; affect the Km 2. Non-Competitive Inhibitors (curve 2 in figure below) a. bind at allosteric sites (away from the enzyme active site) b. indirectly competes with substrate binding; changes active site conformation c. affects the Vmax; no affect on Km ...
... c. do not affect the Vmax; affect the Km 2. Non-Competitive Inhibitors (curve 2 in figure below) a. bind at allosteric sites (away from the enzyme active site) b. indirectly competes with substrate binding; changes active site conformation c. affects the Vmax; no affect on Km ...
bio II ch 8 brookings guided pp
... If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! light and heat See why cells use cellular respiration ...
... If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! light and heat See why cells use cellular respiration ...
4 Krebs ETC
... • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
... • Lactic acid production in animal muscle occurs during oxygen debt • Lactic acid needs to be produced so that NAD+ can be regenerated to keep glycolysis going Net ATP produced = 2 ATP ...
chapter 10
... d. the protein chain sends a signal through the nerve cells to the brain. ____ 21. In bacteria, a group of genes that code for functionally related enzymes, their promoter site, and the operator that controls them all function together as a(n) a. exon. c. operon. b. intron. d. ribosome. ____ 22. The ...
... d. the protein chain sends a signal through the nerve cells to the brain. ____ 21. In bacteria, a group of genes that code for functionally related enzymes, their promoter site, and the operator that controls them all function together as a(n) a. exon. c. operon. b. intron. d. ribosome. ____ 22. The ...
ppt
... 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage... but since they probably do other things, these are metabolized last... b. structure - after water, animals are mostly protein collagen, elastin, actin, myosin, etc... ...
... 1. Structure 2. Functions a. energy storage... but since they probably do other things, these are metabolized last... b. structure - after water, animals are mostly protein collagen, elastin, actin, myosin, etc... ...
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF LIVING SYSTEMS At all levels
... hydration shell around protein molecules is 0.4 - 0.5 nm thick, and its mass can reach as much as 30% of that of the mass of the protein. In the B-helix structure of DNA 10 water molecules bind to every basepair. ...
... hydration shell around protein molecules is 0.4 - 0.5 nm thick, and its mass can reach as much as 30% of that of the mass of the protein. In the B-helix structure of DNA 10 water molecules bind to every basepair. ...
handout nucleic acids and DNA replication
... amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide chain is called a gene and it can be thousands of nucleotides long. The code cannot be as simple as 1 base coding for 1 amino acid as this would allow for the coding of only 4 amino acids. If the bases are read to ...
... amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide chain is called a gene and it can be thousands of nucleotides long. The code cannot be as simple as 1 base coding for 1 amino acid as this would allow for the coding of only 4 amino acids. If the bases are read to ...
Medical School Biochemistry
... Tropocollagen has a rod-shaped structure formed from three helical polypeptides Each collagen a-chain is stabilized by intrachain H-bonds The amino acid glycine is present in every third position in the collagen a-chain Sugar residues are bound to collagen through hydroxylysine residues Procollagen ...
... Tropocollagen has a rod-shaped structure formed from three helical polypeptides Each collagen a-chain is stabilized by intrachain H-bonds The amino acid glycine is present in every third position in the collagen a-chain Sugar residues are bound to collagen through hydroxylysine residues Procollagen ...
Citric Acid Cycle in Anabolism
... Gyoxylate Cycle • Critters can make fat from carbohydrates • Plants, fungi, and some bacteria can make carbohydrates from fats via acetyl-CoA • Use a modified version of the Krebs Cycle • Plants use this to grow from stored oils in seeds • Bacteria use this to grow on simple carbon compounds when c ...
... Gyoxylate Cycle • Critters can make fat from carbohydrates • Plants, fungi, and some bacteria can make carbohydrates from fats via acetyl-CoA • Use a modified version of the Krebs Cycle • Plants use this to grow from stored oils in seeds • Bacteria use this to grow on simple carbon compounds when c ...
FarmaSea® Pristine Ocean Blend
... Yet, due to the miracle of photosynthesis, ocean plants can consume both the sun and the sea. Healthy humans can then consume these powerfully potent plants which concentrate chemical energy from the sun and the sea. Feed your cells the most nutritionally potent and mineral rich family of plants on ...
... Yet, due to the miracle of photosynthesis, ocean plants can consume both the sun and the sea. Healthy humans can then consume these powerfully potent plants which concentrate chemical energy from the sun and the sea. Feed your cells the most nutritionally potent and mineral rich family of plants on ...
digestion and excretion notes
... Polymers are too large to pass through the cell membrane in humans The mitochondria will use the digested nutrients to make energy There are four macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids ...
... Polymers are too large to pass through the cell membrane in humans The mitochondria will use the digested nutrients to make energy There are four macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids ...
SI Session 10/03/14 *The less stable you are, the higher free energy
... from surroundings and it accelerates the reactants to where they collide more often and unstable so bonds will break. Unstable condition = transition state. 9. Why is addition of heat inappropriate for biological systems? 1. high temperature denatures proteins and kills cells 2. Heat speeds up all r ...
... from surroundings and it accelerates the reactants to where they collide more often and unstable so bonds will break. Unstable condition = transition state. 9. Why is addition of heat inappropriate for biological systems? 1. high temperature denatures proteins and kills cells 2. Heat speeds up all r ...
Facilitated Diffusion vs. Active Transport
... Active transport • Active Transport: requires energy in the form of ATP. – Capable of moving solute particles against the conc. gradient (from low conc. to high conc.) – Uses transport/carrier proteins (protein pumps) embedded in the plasma membrane. – Carrier proteins are specific for the molecule ...
... Active transport • Active Transport: requires energy in the form of ATP. – Capable of moving solute particles against the conc. gradient (from low conc. to high conc.) – Uses transport/carrier proteins (protein pumps) embedded in the plasma membrane. – Carrier proteins are specific for the molecule ...
Relationship between the structure and function of proteins
... Its function is to store and transport oxygen in the skeletal muscles. It is a relatively small protein made up of a single polypeptide chain that contains 153 amino acid residues . It contains a heme group (which is a prosthetic group consisting of a protoporphyrin organic ring and a central iron a ...
... Its function is to store and transport oxygen in the skeletal muscles. It is a relatively small protein made up of a single polypeptide chain that contains 153 amino acid residues . It contains a heme group (which is a prosthetic group consisting of a protoporphyrin organic ring and a central iron a ...
Chapter 3—The Cell I. Cell Theory. a. Organisms are made of 1 or
... iii. LEO the lion goes GER. 1. Electrons don’t exist in isolation; protons (H+) follow… a. 1 electron + 1 proton = 1 hydrogen atom… Capturing energy in ATP. a. The transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule is called a phosphorylation reaction. b. Cells make ATP by breaking covalent ...
... iii. LEO the lion goes GER. 1. Electrons don’t exist in isolation; protons (H+) follow… a. 1 electron + 1 proton = 1 hydrogen atom… Capturing energy in ATP. a. The transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule is called a phosphorylation reaction. b. Cells make ATP by breaking covalent ...
Document
... Element- a pure substance made up of one type of atom Isotope- Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons Compound- a substance with more than one type atom or element Ionic bond- Bond that is formed between ions Covalent bond- formed by sharing electrons Molecule- combination of ...
... Element- a pure substance made up of one type of atom Isotope- Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons Compound- a substance with more than one type atom or element Ionic bond- Bond that is formed between ions Covalent bond- formed by sharing electrons Molecule- combination of ...
Integration of Metabolism
... biosynthesis of several compounds, including fatty acids and ribose sugar, which is an essential component of nucleotides. ...
... biosynthesis of several compounds, including fatty acids and ribose sugar, which is an essential component of nucleotides. ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.