Fact Sheet - Advanced Equine Solutions
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in t ...
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in t ...
How DNA Controls the Workings of the Cell
... diabetes has a defective DNA sequence that codes for the making of the insulin protein. Suppose a person has a mutation in their DNA and the first triplet for the insulin gene reads T A T but the normal gene reads T A G. a. What amino acid does the mutant DNA and the normal DNA code for and will the ...
... diabetes has a defective DNA sequence that codes for the making of the insulin protein. Suppose a person has a mutation in their DNA and the first triplet for the insulin gene reads T A T but the normal gene reads T A G. a. What amino acid does the mutant DNA and the normal DNA code for and will the ...
A. glycolysis
... acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP – the phosphate group is donated by another compound ...
... acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP – the phosphate group is donated by another compound ...
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
... • Plants and bacteria synthesize all twenty amino acids, whereas, most other organisms obtain at least some of the required amino acids from their diet. Humans can only synthesize about half of the twenty amino acids. • In general, the more complex amino acids are essential amino acids in humans as ...
... • Plants and bacteria synthesize all twenty amino acids, whereas, most other organisms obtain at least some of the required amino acids from their diet. Humans can only synthesize about half of the twenty amino acids. • In general, the more complex amino acids are essential amino acids in humans as ...
Metabolism Summary
... • Stage II: Small molecules are broken down into simpler units, usually two carbon portion of acetyl CoA. • Stage III: The “common catabolic pathway” extracts energy to produce ATP. ...
... • Stage II: Small molecules are broken down into simpler units, usually two carbon portion of acetyl CoA. • Stage III: The “common catabolic pathway” extracts energy to produce ATP. ...
Enzymes
... Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis The four mechanisms described above regulate the activity of enzymes already present within the cell. What about enzymes that are not needed or are needed but not present? Here, too, control mechanisms are at work that regulate the rate at which new enzymes are synthes ...
... Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis The four mechanisms described above regulate the activity of enzymes already present within the cell. What about enzymes that are not needed or are needed but not present? Here, too, control mechanisms are at work that regulate the rate at which new enzymes are synthes ...
Catabolism
... Anaerobic respiration using molecules other than oxygen as exogenous electron acceptors yields large amount of energy, primarily by electron transport activity ...
... Anaerobic respiration using molecules other than oxygen as exogenous electron acceptors yields large amount of energy, primarily by electron transport activity ...
Hemoglobin as the main protein of erythrocytes. Its structure and
... Regulation of the blood glucose concentration. The origin of blood glucose. The mechanism of the influence of insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol on blood glucose concentration. Hypo- and hyperglucosemia, their reasons. The determination of the tolerance to glucose for the diabetes mellitus ...
... Regulation of the blood glucose concentration. The origin of blood glucose. The mechanism of the influence of insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol on blood glucose concentration. Hypo- and hyperglucosemia, their reasons. The determination of the tolerance to glucose for the diabetes mellitus ...
BIOTECHNOLOGY B.Sc. Semester III
... 5. Assay of activity of β-galactosidase. 6. Isolation of mitochondria and assay of marker enzyme. 7. Isolation and determination of concentration of photosynthetic pigments from spinach leaves. 8. Estimation of free fatty acids by titration method. 9. *Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme act ...
... 5. Assay of activity of β-galactosidase. 6. Isolation of mitochondria and assay of marker enzyme. 7. Isolation and determination of concentration of photosynthetic pigments from spinach leaves. 8. Estimation of free fatty acids by titration method. 9. *Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme act ...
Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre Types
... Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods are broken down into their smallest units (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). These Units are then eventually converted into a high energy storing molecule called ATP, which in turn can be broken down by the body’s cells releasing energy! ...
... Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods are broken down into their smallest units (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). These Units are then eventually converted into a high energy storing molecule called ATP, which in turn can be broken down by the body’s cells releasing energy! ...
Lecture #2 – Review of Protein Chemistry, Enzyme Specificity
... to tell if an enzyme will absolutely have activity against a “new” compound, ie, one which it has not seen in nature. In this case, it was known that the protease was active against esters, and that in general, it had broad substrate specificity. Thus, this was a natural choice as a biocatalyst. How ...
... to tell if an enzyme will absolutely have activity against a “new” compound, ie, one which it has not seen in nature. In this case, it was known that the protease was active against esters, and that in general, it had broad substrate specificity. Thus, this was a natural choice as a biocatalyst. How ...
2015 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST
... a. usually reproduce by budding b. is in Domain Archaea c. have cell walls composed of cellulose d. are strict anaerobes e. All of the above are correct. 40. A metabolic pathway can be described as ____. a. an enzyme-substrate complex b. a series of chemical reactions that follow each other c. homeo ...
... a. usually reproduce by budding b. is in Domain Archaea c. have cell walls composed of cellulose d. are strict anaerobes e. All of the above are correct. 40. A metabolic pathway can be described as ____. a. an enzyme-substrate complex b. a series of chemical reactions that follow each other c. homeo ...
Newsletter 9th Edition – Mar 8, 2017
... – of protein every day is important for a couple of reasons. For one thing, if you consistently had a shortage of protein in your diet, your body would have no choice but to start breaking down proteins within your body to provide the amino acids needed to produce the most vital body proteins. While ...
... – of protein every day is important for a couple of reasons. For one thing, if you consistently had a shortage of protein in your diet, your body would have no choice but to start breaking down proteins within your body to provide the amino acids needed to produce the most vital body proteins. While ...
ATP
... •Food molecules are the $1000 dollar bills of energy storage •Food molecules function as fuel molecules, storing large quantities of energy in a stable form over long periods of time! They are the long-term energy currency of the cell. •For “pocket change”, cells require a molecule that stores much ...
... •Food molecules are the $1000 dollar bills of energy storage •Food molecules function as fuel molecules, storing large quantities of energy in a stable form over long periods of time! They are the long-term energy currency of the cell. •For “pocket change”, cells require a molecule that stores much ...
Plasma Membrane
... changes in the cell’s water volume. A solution with the same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in cells are isotonic, i.e., “the same tonicity.” Cells exposed to such solution retain their normal shape and exhibit no net gain or loss of water. Most intravenous solutions ar ...
... changes in the cell’s water volume. A solution with the same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in cells are isotonic, i.e., “the same tonicity.” Cells exposed to such solution retain their normal shape and exhibit no net gain or loss of water. Most intravenous solutions ar ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid – Pyruvic acid can then be broken down via respiration (glycolysis) ...
... • Glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid – Pyruvic acid can then be broken down via respiration (glycolysis) ...
All Living things pass on their genetic heritage by common processes.
... All Living things pass on their genetic heritage by common processes. Lecture Outline No. 13 DNA is the genetic material 1. “One gene-one polypeptide” theory (see “one gene-one enzyme” theory). George Beadle and Edward Tatum (late 40’s to early 50’s) used X-rays to induce mutations in Neurospora cra ...
... All Living things pass on their genetic heritage by common processes. Lecture Outline No. 13 DNA is the genetic material 1. “One gene-one polypeptide” theory (see “one gene-one enzyme” theory). George Beadle and Edward Tatum (late 40’s to early 50’s) used X-rays to induce mutations in Neurospora cra ...
Exam 4 KEY
... A. (4 pts) The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the cytosol is an exergonic reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (ΔGº' = -31.4 kJ/mol). Since the reverse of this reaction is highly unfavorable (ΔGº' = +31.4 kJ/mol), explain how it is possible that the conversion of pyruva ...
... A. (4 pts) The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the cytosol is an exergonic reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (ΔGº' = -31.4 kJ/mol). Since the reverse of this reaction is highly unfavorable (ΔGº' = +31.4 kJ/mol), explain how it is possible that the conversion of pyruva ...
aerobic respiration
... • Cells break down glucose and other organic fuels to yield chemical energy in the form of ATP. Fermentation is a partial degradation of glucose without the use of oxygen. • Cellular respiration is a more complete breakdown of glucose; in aerobic respiration, oxygen is used as a reactant. ...
... • Cells break down glucose and other organic fuels to yield chemical energy in the form of ATP. Fermentation is a partial degradation of glucose without the use of oxygen. • Cellular respiration is a more complete breakdown of glucose; in aerobic respiration, oxygen is used as a reactant. ...
File - Pi Beta Philes!
... 48. (2 pts) When we drew the amino acid pool on the board, we listed three uses of amino acids (for example an amino acid being converted to another compound) that would require deamination. Give me one of those uses. ...
... 48. (2 pts) When we drew the amino acid pool on the board, we listed three uses of amino acids (for example an amino acid being converted to another compound) that would require deamination. Give me one of those uses. ...
Evolution handout
... 1. Look at the photo on page 8. Which moth is more likely to wind up being eaten by predators? ...
... 1. Look at the photo on page 8. Which moth is more likely to wind up being eaten by predators? ...
4 ADP + 4 Pi are converted to 2 ATP to produce a net gain of 2 ATP
... controlled fashion, and the energy derived from this movement can be used to do work. This is analogous to water stored behind a dam How does the cell eliminate excess H? Each hydrogen atom is composed of 1 proton and 1 electron consequently, a transfer of H atoms is essentially a transfer of electr ...
... controlled fashion, and the energy derived from this movement can be used to do work. This is analogous to water stored behind a dam How does the cell eliminate excess H? Each hydrogen atom is composed of 1 proton and 1 electron consequently, a transfer of H atoms is essentially a transfer of electr ...
Midterm Review Cover page
... (c) the conversion of two glucose molecules to a maltose molecule (d) the conversion of one glucose molecule to alcohol and carbon dioxide molecules 30. Alcohol fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that both processes (a) utilize light (b) produce ethyl alcohol (c) require free oxygen ...
... (c) the conversion of two glucose molecules to a maltose molecule (d) the conversion of one glucose molecule to alcohol and carbon dioxide molecules 30. Alcohol fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that both processes (a) utilize light (b) produce ethyl alcohol (c) require free oxygen ...
1 How do the regulatory properties of glucokinase and hexokinase
... pyrimidine, but CTP itself is not a direct product of the ATCase reaction. As a result of product inhibition by glucose-6-phospate, hexokinase I can only continue to act on glucose if the glucose-6-phosphate product is being used in subsequent processes such as glycogen storage or glycolysis, and th ...
... pyrimidine, but CTP itself is not a direct product of the ATCase reaction. As a result of product inhibition by glucose-6-phospate, hexokinase I can only continue to act on glucose if the glucose-6-phosphate product is being used in subsequent processes such as glycogen storage or glycolysis, and th ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.