
Predicting Everglades nutrient distributions in response to climate change
... • Hydrologic performance assessment of the ELM using climate data from the MRI-GCM3 in Everglades region demonstrated that the GCM appears limited in its ability to mimic the historical characteristics of precipitation; perhaps, the multi-model ensemble results from additional GCMs can better reprod ...
... • Hydrologic performance assessment of the ELM using climate data from the MRI-GCM3 in Everglades region demonstrated that the GCM appears limited in its ability to mimic the historical characteristics of precipitation; perhaps, the multi-model ensemble results from additional GCMs can better reprod ...
Generating characteristic daily weather data using
... real points in the real world. It does not necessarily mean filling in the rather sparse grid that most GCMs operate on, but actually bringing them down to earth. Usually we want to do both (Jones et al., 2005). There are several ways of downscaling, broadly speaking, including the ...
... real points in the real world. It does not necessarily mean filling in the rather sparse grid that most GCMs operate on, but actually bringing them down to earth. Usually we want to do both (Jones et al., 2005). There are several ways of downscaling, broadly speaking, including the ...
Pattern scaled climate change scenarios: Are these useful for adaptation?
... iii. Responses to external forcing and natural internal variability are independent of each other, so that changes in anthropogenic forcing do not change the internal dynamics of the climate system. If these assumptions do not hold, then the approach is fundamentally flawed and its use to project ch ...
... iii. Responses to external forcing and natural internal variability are independent of each other, so that changes in anthropogenic forcing do not change the internal dynamics of the climate system. If these assumptions do not hold, then the approach is fundamentally flawed and its use to project ch ...
Shiri Avnery
... history of an area in which humans inhabit is difficult due to the complexities of separating anthropogenic fires from climate-induced signals in proxy data. The CLM-DGVM simulations of Bonan et al. (2003) in the African sahel illustrate this affect of climate on savanna ecosystems and fire dynamics ...
... history of an area in which humans inhabit is difficult due to the complexities of separating anthropogenic fires from climate-induced signals in proxy data. The CLM-DGVM simulations of Bonan et al. (2003) in the African sahel illustrate this affect of climate on savanna ecosystems and fire dynamics ...
SOF: Chapter 1-3 Practice Quiz
... 7. A weather map gives a _____________ view of the weather. This means "seeing at a glance." (Pg 1-38) a. Synoptic b. Biopic c. Stereoscopic d. None of the above 8. Instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. (Pg 1-32) a. Psychrometer b. Barometer c. Hygrometer d. Radiosonde 9. An atomospheric pr ...
... 7. A weather map gives a _____________ view of the weather. This means "seeing at a glance." (Pg 1-38) a. Synoptic b. Biopic c. Stereoscopic d. None of the above 8. Instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. (Pg 1-32) a. Psychrometer b. Barometer c. Hygrometer d. Radiosonde 9. An atomospheric pr ...
A new decision sciences for complex systems
... attractive on both substantive and political grounds, but their record in practice is mixed. In addition, economic theory suggests that such policies often are inefficient compared with policies designed to ‘‘get the prices right,’’ such as carbon taxes or tradable permits. In our work, we have addr ...
... attractive on both substantive and political grounds, but their record in practice is mixed. In addition, economic theory suggests that such policies often are inefficient compared with policies designed to ‘‘get the prices right,’’ such as carbon taxes or tradable permits. In our work, we have addr ...
1 Testimony of Richard S. Lindzen before the Senate
... droughts and agriculture disasters in the future if unchecked” (CNN). According to Deb Callahan, president of the League of Conservation Voters, “Science clearly shows that we are experiencing devastating impacts because of carbon dioxide pollution.” (Carbon dioxide, as a ‘pollutant’ is rather singu ...
... droughts and agriculture disasters in the future if unchecked” (CNN). According to Deb Callahan, president of the League of Conservation Voters, “Science clearly shows that we are experiencing devastating impacts because of carbon dioxide pollution.” (Carbon dioxide, as a ‘pollutant’ is rather singu ...
Krakatoa lives: The effect of volcanic eruptions on ocean heat
... been performed by the climate modeling community. We focus on the ‘‘Climate of the 20th Century’’ historical forcing experiment (20c3m), in which each model was run with a variety of external climate forcings, such as changes in well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs), sulphate aerosol concentrations, so ...
... been performed by the climate modeling community. We focus on the ‘‘Climate of the 20th Century’’ historical forcing experiment (20c3m), in which each model was run with a variety of external climate forcings, such as changes in well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs), sulphate aerosol concentrations, so ...
Climate change scenarios for Peru and Ecuador
... terrain heights are computed from high resolution US Navy data set. The fraction of grid area covered by vegetation based on the Wilson and Henderson-Sellers (1985) data set. The ocean albedo is a function of solar zenith angle and the land albedo from the satellite data of Geleyn and Preuss (1983). ...
... terrain heights are computed from high resolution US Navy data set. The fraction of grid area covered by vegetation based on the Wilson and Henderson-Sellers (1985) data set. The ocean albedo is a function of solar zenith angle and the land albedo from the satellite data of Geleyn and Preuss (1983). ...
Climate Science is Not Settled
... they are physically small in relation to the climate system as a whole. For example, human additions to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the middle of the 21st century are expected to directly shift the atmosphere's natural greenhouse effect by only 1% to 2% [1]. Since the climate system is highl ...
... they are physically small in relation to the climate system as a whole. For example, human additions to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the middle of the 21st century are expected to directly shift the atmosphere's natural greenhouse effect by only 1% to 2% [1]. Since the climate system is highl ...
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change in a High Resolution
... West Pacific and enhances activity in the North Central Pacific. ...
... West Pacific and enhances activity in the North Central Pacific. ...
Possible regional consequences of global climate changes
... was observed according to satellite data starting from the end of the seventies. In September 2007 this record was also broken (http://nsidc.org/). [4] Various data based on instrumental observations (including satellite data) correlate with each other as a whole. However some differences are reveal ...
... was observed according to satellite data starting from the end of the seventies. In September 2007 this record was also broken (http://nsidc.org/). [4] Various data based on instrumental observations (including satellite data) correlate with each other as a whole. However some differences are reveal ...
Pulse response functions are cost-e cient tools to model the link
... to estimate the abatement and mitigation cost of climate change. Such diculties may be overcome if the information contained in complex models is extracted in form of their pulse response function (Green's function) (e.g., Hasselmann et al., 1996; Joos et al., 1996; Siegenthaler and Oeschger, 1978) ...
... to estimate the abatement and mitigation cost of climate change. Such diculties may be overcome if the information contained in complex models is extracted in form of their pulse response function (Green's function) (e.g., Hasselmann et al., 1996; Joos et al., 1996; Siegenthaler and Oeschger, 1978) ...
Notes on Some studies - Department of Agricultural Economics
... Impact Analysis Method The study was done using a regional impact model. Demand curves were entered for water use by municipal and industrial entities. The crop growth simulator EPIC was used to load data into the model. An aquifer simulation model was used in combination with regression to yield re ...
... Impact Analysis Method The study was done using a regional impact model. Demand curves were entered for water use by municipal and industrial entities. The crop growth simulator EPIC was used to load data into the model. An aquifer simulation model was used in combination with regression to yield re ...
Global Climate Science, Uncertainty and Politics: Data
... small-scale processes can ultimately be represented accurately in terms of the large-scale variables available to the models. Parameterization is controversial, and its effects on the activity of models are not entirely encouraging (Shackley et al., 1998). For example, some cloud parameterization sc ...
... small-scale processes can ultimately be represented accurately in terms of the large-scale variables available to the models. Parameterization is controversial, and its effects on the activity of models are not entirely encouraging (Shackley et al., 1998). For example, some cloud parameterization sc ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... representation of the physical processes that control climate – Basically everything that affects climate – Sun, atmosphere (greenhouse gases, aerosols), hydrosphere, land surface, cryosphere Equations are very complicated – Some of the world’s largest supercomputers are running climate models ...
... representation of the physical processes that control climate – Basically everything that affects climate – Sun, atmosphere (greenhouse gases, aerosols), hydrosphere, land surface, cryosphere Equations are very complicated – Some of the world’s largest supercomputers are running climate models ...
Long Range Ensemble Streamflow Prediction
... multi-year products for run-off, temperature, precipitation? ...
... multi-year products for run-off, temperature, precipitation? ...
Annex 3: Strengths and weaknesses of climate models
... this. Many features of the past and future climate produced by models, for example, the climate sensitivity — the global mean temperature change for a doubling of CO2 — could not have been predicted or somehow set when the model was put together. During model development it is the case that optimisa ...
... this. Many features of the past and future climate produced by models, for example, the climate sensitivity — the global mean temperature change for a doubling of CO2 — could not have been predicted or somehow set when the model was put together. During model development it is the case that optimisa ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources
... on the impact of climate changes on streamflow in the Zayandeh-rood river basin in Isfahan, Iran. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT[1]) has been used for forecasting streamflow changes due to climate change. SWAT is a daily time step model that allows for detailed simulation of the water bala ...
... on the impact of climate changes on streamflow in the Zayandeh-rood river basin in Isfahan, Iran. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT[1]) has been used for forecasting streamflow changes due to climate change. SWAT is a daily time step model that allows for detailed simulation of the water bala ...
Integrated Assessment Model of Climate Change: The AIM Approach Yuzuru M
... by chemical reactions, which are calculated within the AIM/climate. We divided these chemicals into two groups based on their reaction rates: long-life chemicals, such as CFCs and halons, and short-life chemicals such as ozone and OH radicals. Pseudo-equilibrium state is assumed for the latter group ...
... by chemical reactions, which are calculated within the AIM/climate. We divided these chemicals into two groups based on their reaction rates: long-life chemicals, such as CFCs and halons, and short-life chemicals such as ozone and OH radicals. Pseudo-equilibrium state is assumed for the latter group ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.