- White Rose Research Online
... science and provide the basis for most impact studies. Since impact models are highly sensitive to input climate data, GCM skill is crucial for getting better short-, medium- and long-term outlooks for agricultural production and food security. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase ...
... science and provide the basis for most impact studies. Since impact models are highly sensitive to input climate data, GCM skill is crucial for getting better short-, medium- and long-term outlooks for agricultural production and food security. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase ...
EPA: planned GEOS-Chem / CMAQ interface
... Resolution ranges from regional (e.g., 36 km2 grid) to urban (e.g., 4 km2 grid) scale Vertical layers range (e.g., 15 to 23) and go up to 100mb Emission fields based on USEPA National Emissions Inventory (e.g., NEI99 v2), BEIS 3.10, and Mobile 6 ...
... Resolution ranges from regional (e.g., 36 km2 grid) to urban (e.g., 4 km2 grid) scale Vertical layers range (e.g., 15 to 23) and go up to 100mb Emission fields based on USEPA National Emissions Inventory (e.g., NEI99 v2), BEIS 3.10, and Mobile 6 ...
James Hurrell*1, Gerald A. Meehl1, David Bader2
... of smaller-scale processes and their interactions with the larger scale will be essential. b. Value of testing models on all time scales A paradigm has long been that it is not essential to get all of the details of weather correct as long as their statistically averaged effects on the climate syste ...
... of smaller-scale processes and their interactions with the larger scale will be essential. b. Value of testing models on all time scales A paradigm has long been that it is not essential to get all of the details of weather correct as long as their statistically averaged effects on the climate syste ...
PDF
... Climate Context The US National Assessment of climate change is based on climate scenarios derived from world climate simulation models developed at the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis and the Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom. Although the physical principles driving these mode ...
... Climate Context The US National Assessment of climate change is based on climate scenarios derived from world climate simulation models developed at the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis and the Hadley Centre in the United Kingdom. Although the physical principles driving these mode ...
Slide 1
... • Key are systematic biases – lots of small random changes will just introduce a small amount of uncertainty when averaged over a large number of observations • Estimate biases in a variety of ways. Thus they are uncertain. Relatively small uncertainty for SST; very large for changes in tropospheric ...
... • Key are systematic biases – lots of small random changes will just introduce a small amount of uncertainty when averaged over a large number of observations • Estimate biases in a variety of ways. Thus they are uncertain. Relatively small uncertainty for SST; very large for changes in tropospheric ...
poster
... more obvious when we compare the intra-model variability in the sowing date. The weather patterns in HadCM are characterized by high temperature increases leading to shorter developmental time. The NCAR model estimates higher precipitation during spring combined with decrease of solar radiation, whi ...
... more obvious when we compare the intra-model variability in the sowing date. The weather patterns in HadCM are characterized by high temperature increases leading to shorter developmental time. The NCAR model estimates higher precipitation during spring combined with decrease of solar radiation, whi ...
Expert Judgment for Climate Change Adaptation
... and nuclear safety. To illustrate what has become a standard approach to the problem, we now have a look at a concrete case in environmental regulation. Our claim is that the example will illustrate important lessons for climate services. Zoning plans for sites that use or manufacture large volumes ...
... and nuclear safety. To illustrate what has become a standard approach to the problem, we now have a look at a concrete case in environmental regulation. Our claim is that the example will illustrate important lessons for climate services. Zoning plans for sites that use or manufacture large volumes ...
Atmospheric circulation as a source of uncertainty in climate change
... ensemble with no climate change. This means that climate change will be detectable, and the long-term change almost inevitably one of warming, even for single realizations — such as in the real climate system. However, the situation for both precipitation and sea-level pressure (a measure of circula ...
... ensemble with no climate change. This means that climate change will be detectable, and the long-term change almost inevitably one of warming, even for single realizations — such as in the real climate system. However, the situation for both precipitation and sea-level pressure (a measure of circula ...
AU16-Geog 5900 - Atmospheric Sciences Program
... region. The objective is to understand the physical processes of the earth-atmosphere system and describe its weather features and climate characteristics. This includes the energy receipt, loss, and redistribution in the earth-atmosphere system as well as the role of atmospheric moisture, its globa ...
... region. The objective is to understand the physical processes of the earth-atmosphere system and describe its weather features and climate characteristics. This includes the energy receipt, loss, and redistribution in the earth-atmosphere system as well as the role of atmospheric moisture, its globa ...
Time-Dependent Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change
... intended to represent the sub-grid scale processes These currents and mixing coefficients may be obtained from a GCM simulating the present climate and ocean circulation, including the buoyancy field, in a dynamically consistent manner Using appropriate sources, the distributions ol transient and ot ...
... intended to represent the sub-grid scale processes These currents and mixing coefficients may be obtained from a GCM simulating the present climate and ocean circulation, including the buoyancy field, in a dynamically consistent manner Using appropriate sources, the distributions ol transient and ot ...
Assessment of climate change impacts on rainfall
... applied, are located in the region with high rainfall and SDSM is rarely used for rainfall prediction in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, three nonlinear methods including ANN, KNN, and SVM are used to find the relationship between the large-scale climate variables provided by the National ...
... applied, are located in the region with high rainfall and SDSM is rarely used for rainfall prediction in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, three nonlinear methods including ANN, KNN, and SVM are used to find the relationship between the large-scale climate variables provided by the National ...
Comparison of Monthly Temperature Extremes Simulated by CMIP3
... gridded monthly-mean surface temperature datasets with a spatial resolution of 0.58 3 0.58, and they cover the global land area. However, only the land area north of 608S is considered for the observations and model output in this study because the CRU data in Antarctica are missing. On the monthly ...
... gridded monthly-mean surface temperature datasets with a spatial resolution of 0.58 3 0.58, and they cover the global land area. However, only the land area north of 608S is considered for the observations and model output in this study because the CRU data in Antarctica are missing. On the monthly ...
NASA Products to Enhance Energy Utility Load Forecasting
... for sustained use of NASA resources by energy utilities nationwide, in a variety of load forecasting tools. Climate Change Investigation: Assess NASA climate data, model products, and projections to identify those of potential value to utilities for long-term (seasonal to 40 years) planning. For exa ...
... for sustained use of NASA resources by energy utilities nationwide, in a variety of load forecasting tools. Climate Change Investigation: Assess NASA climate data, model products, and projections to identify those of potential value to utilities for long-term (seasonal to 40 years) planning. For exa ...
Modeling Earth`s future
... results from integrated assessment models generally cannot be relied upon if gross simplifications of component systems such as the atmosphere have been made. ...
... results from integrated assessment models generally cannot be relied upon if gross simplifications of component systems such as the atmosphere have been made. ...
The role of the Southern Ocean in Earth System modelling
... § Earth System Models (ESMs) represent a gridded and simplified version of reality § Currently, ESMs represent the best estimate of the long-term future § The IPCC utilizes ESMs to assess the future impacts of climate change: ...
... § Earth System Models (ESMs) represent a gridded and simplified version of reality § Currently, ESMs represent the best estimate of the long-term future § The IPCC utilizes ESMs to assess the future impacts of climate change: ...
ECMWF`s activities in atmospheric composition and climate
... MACC-II global system relies on ECMWF variational 4d-var scheme, assimilating a range of remote-sensing data to deliver analyses (illustrated here for Carbon Monoxide, a tracer of combustion sources). Slide 6 ...
... MACC-II global system relies on ECMWF variational 4d-var scheme, assimilating a range of remote-sensing data to deliver analyses (illustrated here for Carbon Monoxide, a tracer of combustion sources). Slide 6 ...
PDF
... scenarios start to come into play. These aren’t all of the scenarios — they are only a sub-set. I will refer again to the some of these scenarios later. ...
... scenarios start to come into play. These aren’t all of the scenarios — they are only a sub-set. I will refer again to the some of these scenarios later. ...
Climate and Land Degradation
... • Drylands are affected by moderate to severe land degradation from wind erosion and there is evidence that the frequency of sand storms/dust storms in increasing. • In the arid and semi-arid zones of the world, 24% of the cultivated land and 41% of the pasture land affected by moderate to severe la ...
... • Drylands are affected by moderate to severe land degradation from wind erosion and there is evidence that the frequency of sand storms/dust storms in increasing. • In the arid and semi-arid zones of the world, 24% of the cultivated land and 41% of the pasture land affected by moderate to severe la ...
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Climate System
... Many such phenomena occur as part of larger-scale organized systems ...
... Many such phenomena occur as part of larger-scale organized systems ...
Document
... the auspices of SCOR, and being effected under an Implementation Strategy (www.iioe2.incois.gov.in). The IIOE-2 is five decades on from the first coordinated basin-wide IIOE investigation of the Indian Ocean undertaken during 1959-65 under SCOR and IOC. It will again consist of sub- to basin-wide su ...
... the auspices of SCOR, and being effected under an Implementation Strategy (www.iioe2.incois.gov.in). The IIOE-2 is five decades on from the first coordinated basin-wide IIOE investigation of the Indian Ocean undertaken during 1959-65 under SCOR and IOC. It will again consist of sub- to basin-wide su ...
document - UNotes
... The last point may be contrasted with pseudo-models: ones that are designed to fit reality by changing parameter values when the model’s output does not accurately describe observed phenomena — in order to obtain a desired output. The ad hoc addition of sulphate cooling in climate models, required t ...
... The last point may be contrasted with pseudo-models: ones that are designed to fit reality by changing parameter values when the model’s output does not accurately describe observed phenomena — in order to obtain a desired output. The ad hoc addition of sulphate cooling in climate models, required t ...
Tales of future weather
... more physically coherent expression of what weather in an altered climate could feel and look ...
... more physically coherent expression of what weather in an altered climate could feel and look ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.