Implamentation Plan - European Soil Database
... Identify and use long term experimental data sets to systematically evaluate and refine modelling techniques to quantify carbon sequestration potential in tropical soils ...
... Identify and use long term experimental data sets to systematically evaluate and refine modelling techniques to quantify carbon sequestration potential in tropical soils ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Global Change Curricula and
... Ten-Year Mean Monthly Stream Flow Generated by the RegCM2 Regional Climate Model Driven with HadCM2 Global Model Results for the Contemporary and Future Scenario (2040s) Climate ...
... Ten-Year Mean Monthly Stream Flow Generated by the RegCM2 Regional Climate Model Driven with HadCM2 Global Model Results for the Contemporary and Future Scenario (2040s) Climate ...
Has the ozone hole contributed to increased Antarctic sea ice extent
... It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model, tha ...
... It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model, tha ...
Melting Ice - World Climate Research Programme
... and, some have suggested, impacts on hemispheric circulation and weather patterns. ...
... and, some have suggested, impacts on hemispheric circulation and weather patterns. ...
Supplementary Material - Proceedings of the Royal Society B
... (lowest AIC) were conserved and the final projections were a weighted average of these. Romerolagus diazi The Mexican volcano rabbit model was built and projected on a 0.01° x 0.01° (~1km2) grid. This is a very range-restricted species and the number of presences was small ...
... (lowest AIC) were conserved and the final projections were a weighted average of these. Romerolagus diazi The Mexican volcano rabbit model was built and projected on a 0.01° x 0.01° (~1km2) grid. This is a very range-restricted species and the number of presences was small ...
Climate change imprinting on stable isotopic compositions of high
... Three modern-day experiments were completed with atmospheric pCO2 levels of 1× (280 ppmv), 2× (560 ppmv), and 4× (1120 ppmv) preindustrial levels. The simulations were completed using the GENESIS version 3.0 earth system model, which consists of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) couple ...
... Three modern-day experiments were completed with atmospheric pCO2 levels of 1× (280 ppmv), 2× (560 ppmv), and 4× (1120 ppmv) preindustrial levels. The simulations were completed using the GENESIS version 3.0 earth system model, which consists of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) couple ...
Braconnot et al. (2012) - Harvard John A. Paulson School of
... that biophysical feedbacks associated with vegetation changes reinforce high-latitude warming and monsoon precipitation during the mid-Holocene and cooling at the LGM, reducing (but not eliminating) model-data discrepancies in regional climate (Fig. 1). Models with dynamic vegetation (ocean–atmosphe ...
... that biophysical feedbacks associated with vegetation changes reinforce high-latitude warming and monsoon precipitation during the mid-Holocene and cooling at the LGM, reducing (but not eliminating) model-data discrepancies in regional climate (Fig. 1). Models with dynamic vegetation (ocean–atmosphe ...
Marine landscapes
... not enough to specify only e.g. overall accuracy or sensitivity if end-users/managers are to draw appropriate conclusions about the usefulness and limitations of a model. The requirements of datasets used in predictive spatial modelling may be relatively different from that of other traditional ecol ...
... not enough to specify only e.g. overall accuracy or sensitivity if end-users/managers are to draw appropriate conclusions about the usefulness and limitations of a model. The requirements of datasets used in predictive spatial modelling may be relatively different from that of other traditional ecol ...
quantification of physical impacts on the nsw coastal zone due to
... and ecosystems. Climate change driven sea level rise, variations in the local wave climate etc. are likely to modify long-shore and cross-shore sediment transport patterns. This has the potential to increase the risk of severe coastal inundation and erosion at some locations. Furthermore, climate ch ...
... and ecosystems. Climate change driven sea level rise, variations in the local wave climate etc. are likely to modify long-shore and cross-shore sediment transport patterns. This has the potential to increase the risk of severe coastal inundation and erosion at some locations. Furthermore, climate ch ...
Canadian Earth System Model CanESM2
... We have compared the Canadian CMIP5 generation models (coupled atmosphereocean general circulation model CanCM4 and the Earth System Model CanESM2 that includes dynamic vegetation) simulations of the Arctic 20th century temperature variability with the observed Arctic temperature. We found that the ...
... We have compared the Canadian CMIP5 generation models (coupled atmosphereocean general circulation model CanCM4 and the Earth System Model CanESM2 that includes dynamic vegetation) simulations of the Arctic 20th century temperature variability with the observed Arctic temperature. We found that the ...
gwnord_chap1_072810 - Yale Economics
... Gases like CO2, which are called greenhouse gases (GHGs), accumulate in the atmosphere and stay there for a long time. Higher concentrations of GHGs lead to surface warming of the land and oceans. The mechanism by which GHGs lead to warming can be understood as follows. The sun warms the earth with ...
... Gases like CO2, which are called greenhouse gases (GHGs), accumulate in the atmosphere and stay there for a long time. Higher concentrations of GHGs lead to surface warming of the land and oceans. The mechanism by which GHGs lead to warming can be understood as follows. The sun warms the earth with ...
Here Comes A Storm
... information above Earth. People fly special planes through clouds. The meteorologists in the planes report about conditions in the sky. Some planes even fly through terrifying storms to learn more about them. Scientists also send up weather balloons to get details at different heights. The scientist ...
... information above Earth. People fly special planes through clouds. The meteorologists in the planes report about conditions in the sky. Some planes even fly through terrifying storms to learn more about them. Scientists also send up weather balloons to get details at different heights. The scientist ...
A simple object-oriented and open-source model for scientific and
... biomes or political units. Hector actively solves the inorganic carbon system in the surface ocean, directly calculating air– sea fluxes of carbon and ocean pH. Hector reproduces the global historical trends of atmospheric [CO2 ], radiative forcing, and surface temperatures. The model simulates all ...
... biomes or political units. Hector actively solves the inorganic carbon system in the surface ocean, directly calculating air– sea fluxes of carbon and ocean pH. Hector reproduces the global historical trends of atmospheric [CO2 ], radiative forcing, and surface temperatures. The model simulates all ...
Paul Bullock, Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg,... A Closer Look at Weather Variability and Its Impact on...
... Quantifying weather variation and extreme weather events is not a simple task. One has to figure out how the long term weather records that exist can be used to isolate the events of interest and then determine how frequently they have occurred in the past. The same analysis can be applied to the ou ...
... Quantifying weather variation and extreme weather events is not a simple task. One has to figure out how the long term weather records that exist can be used to isolate the events of interest and then determine how frequently they have occurred in the past. The same analysis can be applied to the ou ...
Understanding By Design Unit Template for
... pressure to low pressure, causing weather (defined by temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind) at a fixed location to change over time, and how sudden changes in weather can result when different air masses collide. Emphasis is on how weather can be predicted within probabilistic ra ...
... pressure to low pressure, causing weather (defined by temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind) at a fixed location to change over time, and how sudden changes in weather can result when different air masses collide. Emphasis is on how weather can be predicted within probabilistic ra ...
Global potential distribution of an invasive species, the yellow crazy
... predicted climatic data. The following environmental variables were used to substitute the same variables of the current environmental envelope to form the paleoclimatic data sets: evaporation, elevation, total precipitation and surface air temperature. The prediction time scenario is at about 6000 ...
... predicted climatic data. The following environmental variables were used to substitute the same variables of the current environmental envelope to form the paleoclimatic data sets: evaporation, elevation, total precipitation and surface air temperature. The prediction time scenario is at about 6000 ...
Folie 1 - uni
... Box 3: Climate Models: How are they built and how are they applied? Comprehensive climate models are based on physical laws represented by mathematical equations that are solved using a three-dimensional grid over the globe. For climate simulation, the major components of the climate system must be ...
... Box 3: Climate Models: How are they built and how are they applied? Comprehensive climate models are based on physical laws represented by mathematical equations that are solved using a three-dimensional grid over the globe. For climate simulation, the major components of the climate system must be ...
Multidecadal Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability and
... •A predictability potential exists at inter-annual and decadal time scales •Inter-annual predictability is restricted mostly to the Tropics, decadal predictability to mid and high latitudes •Inter-annual prediction is much more advanced •This is mostly due to a suitable observing system •The (inter- ...
... •A predictability potential exists at inter-annual and decadal time scales •Inter-annual predictability is restricted mostly to the Tropics, decadal predictability to mid and high latitudes •Inter-annual prediction is much more advanced •This is mostly due to a suitable observing system •The (inter- ...
Hydrologic modeling of an arctic tundra watershed: Toward Pan
... 1998; Jordan, 1995], the treatment of snow processes, especially those used within GCMs, have been relatively simple. Some models consider the winter snow pack only as a store of soil moisture [Abramopoulos et al., 1988; Bonan, 1996; Koster and Suarez, 1996], while others blur the distinction betwee ...
... 1998; Jordan, 1995], the treatment of snow processes, especially those used within GCMs, have been relatively simple. Some models consider the winter snow pack only as a store of soil moisture [Abramopoulos et al., 1988; Bonan, 1996; Koster and Suarez, 1996], while others blur the distinction betwee ...
Modelling ecological niches with support vector machines
... data onto a new hyperspace in which complicated patterns can be more simply represented (Müller et al. 2001). The choice of kernel is typically based on theoretical properties, while any kernel parameters are optimized using computational techniques such as cross-validation. Because SVM are not base ...
... data onto a new hyperspace in which complicated patterns can be more simply represented (Müller et al. 2001). The choice of kernel is typically based on theoretical properties, while any kernel parameters are optimized using computational techniques such as cross-validation. Because SVM are not base ...
The role of meteorological processes in the
... model, are resolved. Fig. 1 shows maps of the land area fraction defined by each model. Blue shading indicates land is present, which is how the Great Lakes are commonly represented among the models. When the Great Lakes are covered by land as opposed to filled with water, their heat capacity and cl ...
... model, are resolved. Fig. 1 shows maps of the land area fraction defined by each model. Blue shading indicates land is present, which is how the Great Lakes are commonly represented among the models. When the Great Lakes are covered by land as opposed to filled with water, their heat capacity and cl ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.