- Ontario Climate Change Data Portal
... bounded by the maximum and minimum values of the sample set in the leaf node can be used to estimate the corresponding predictand’s value. The methodology and downscaling process of SCADS were detailed in the work of Wang et al. (2013). To develop the SCADS model at grid-point scale, we derived 32 k ...
... bounded by the maximum and minimum values of the sample set in the leaf node can be used to estimate the corresponding predictand’s value. The methodology and downscaling process of SCADS were detailed in the work of Wang et al. (2013). To develop the SCADS model at grid-point scale, we derived 32 k ...
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to
... a similar conclusion, but also estimate that the fraction of the 1930–99 drying trend that was externally forced (primarily by anthropogenic activity) was ‘‘at least 30%.’’ Lau et al. (2006) analyzed the same 19 models, but focused on the period of drought from the 1970s to 1990s, and speculated tha ...
... a similar conclusion, but also estimate that the fraction of the 1930–99 drying trend that was externally forced (primarily by anthropogenic activity) was ‘‘at least 30%.’’ Lau et al. (2006) analyzed the same 19 models, but focused on the period of drought from the 1970s to 1990s, and speculated tha ...
A comparison of local and aggregated climate model outputs with
... evidently unjustified because one of our comparison time scales is the climatic, 30-year, scale. In order to address the objection concerning the spatial scale, we will first attempt to clear up some confusion in the literature. Von Storch et al. (1993) introduced the notion of the “skillful scale” ...
... evidently unjustified because one of our comparison time scales is the climatic, 30-year, scale. In order to address the objection concerning the spatial scale, we will first attempt to clear up some confusion in the literature. Von Storch et al. (1993) introduced the notion of the “skillful scale” ...
Ground surface temperature scenarios in complex high
... instabilities in rock walls induced by thawing permafrost. Relating climate change scenarios produced from global climate models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs) to complex high-mountain environments is a challenging task. The qualitative and quantitative impact of changes in climatic condi ...
... instabilities in rock walls induced by thawing permafrost. Relating climate change scenarios produced from global climate models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs) to complex high-mountain environments is a challenging task. The qualitative and quantitative impact of changes in climatic condi ...
Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in
... made available as part of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3). We have chosen model projections driven by the intermediate SRES A1B scenario, a standard emission scenario currently roughly corresponding to observed CO2 concentrations. In th ...
... made available as part of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3). We have chosen model projections driven by the intermediate SRES A1B scenario, a standard emission scenario currently roughly corresponding to observed CO2 concentrations. In th ...
PDF file - Lincoln University
... climate change projections with information on tourist activity gives a first indication of which areas in New Zealand tourism are most exposed to climate change and where sensitivity might be high, simply as a result of condensed tourist activity. Queenstown, for example, can expect annual temperat ...
... climate change projections with information on tourist activity gives a first indication of which areas in New Zealand tourism are most exposed to climate change and where sensitivity might be high, simply as a result of condensed tourist activity. Queenstown, for example, can expect annual temperat ...
MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change
... The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change is an organization for research, independent policy analysis, and public education in global environmental change. It seeks to provide leadership in understanding scientific, economic, and ecological aspects of this difficult issue, a ...
... The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change is an organization for research, independent policy analysis, and public education in global environmental change. It seeks to provide leadership in understanding scientific, economic, and ecological aspects of this difficult issue, a ...
Long-term natural variability and 20th century climate change
... approach to objectively quantify the role of internal variability in the 20th century climate trajectory. The first step requires linking SST anomalies to anomalies in the global mean surface temperature. Climate models provide a means to derive such a link, under the assumption that the current gen ...
... approach to objectively quantify the role of internal variability in the 20th century climate trajectory. The first step requires linking SST anomalies to anomalies in the global mean surface temperature. Climate models provide a means to derive such a link, under the assumption that the current gen ...
Palaeoclimatic insights into future climate challenges
... including some PMIP papers, indicating that the general circulation models (GCMs) used to project future climate changes are reasonably accurate in reconstructing past climate changes or are undersensitive to changing CO2 levels or other forcing, but generally are not overly sensitive. Simple analog ...
... including some PMIP papers, indicating that the general circulation models (GCMs) used to project future climate changes are reasonably accurate in reconstructing past climate changes or are undersensitive to changing CO2 levels or other forcing, but generally are not overly sensitive. Simple analog ...
Climate change and the distribution and conservation of the world`s
... The Altiplano (or “high plain) is an area of inland drainage (endorheism) lying in the central Andes, occupying parts of southern Peru, western Bolivia, northern Argentina and Chile with average height of 3750 m. The Altiplano climate is characterized by a reduced seasonality in temperature, but a m ...
... The Altiplano (or “high plain) is an area of inland drainage (endorheism) lying in the central Andes, occupying parts of southern Peru, western Bolivia, northern Argentina and Chile with average height of 3750 m. The Altiplano climate is characterized by a reduced seasonality in temperature, but a m ...
study of future climatic variations of a teleconnection pattern
... The term "teleconnection pattern" refers to the statistically significant negative correlation of recurring and persistent circulation anomalies between two or more geographical areas that could be adjacent or at greater distances. Teleconnection patterns appear as preferred modes of low-frequency ( ...
... The term "teleconnection pattern" refers to the statistically significant negative correlation of recurring and persistent circulation anomalies between two or more geographical areas that could be adjacent or at greater distances. Teleconnection patterns appear as preferred modes of low-frequency ( ...
EESUnit 3 with LEP
... Atmospheric structure, weather and climate are threads that can be taught throughout the course. “Weather” events happen every day and so data collecting, predicting, and patterning are easily modeled over time. Over the course of a students’ tenure in the North Carolina education system, weather an ...
... Atmospheric structure, weather and climate are threads that can be taught throughout the course. “Weather” events happen every day and so data collecting, predicting, and patterning are easily modeled over time. Over the course of a students’ tenure in the North Carolina education system, weather an ...
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... on factorial runs where only one driver is varied at the time. A residual consistency ...
... on factorial runs where only one driver is varied at the time. A residual consistency ...
Article - Cerfacs
... high-resolution climate scenarios on the basis of this empirical relationship. A wide variety of SD methods exist, as described by Wilby et al. [2004] and Haylock et al. [2006]. The main advantage of SD is that it is computationally inexpensive so that it can be applied to a large ensemble of climat ...
... high-resolution climate scenarios on the basis of this empirical relationship. A wide variety of SD methods exist, as described by Wilby et al. [2004] and Haylock et al. [2006]. The main advantage of SD is that it is computationally inexpensive so that it can be applied to a large ensemble of climat ...
Climate System Observations and Prediction Experiment (COPE)
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
EURO-CORDEX-LUC: A new initiative on - (ICRC)
... changes on climate at regional to local scales in Europe? • consistent LUC implementation in the models is important base land use distribution in the RCMs on a common reference and impose consistent LUC • large spatial fragmentation of land use in Europe and LUC impacts are dominant on local to ...
... changes on climate at regional to local scales in Europe? • consistent LUC implementation in the models is important base land use distribution in the RCMs on a common reference and impose consistent LUC • large spatial fragmentation of land use in Europe and LUC impacts are dominant on local to ...
global warming - Libertarian Alliance
... temperature records. The most accurate measures of global temperatures are those due to satellites. They measure the temperature of the lower atmosphere to an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 degrees centigrade. Their measurements are based on the vibrations of oxygen molecules which vary with tempera ...
... temperature records. The most accurate measures of global temperatures are those due to satellites. They measure the temperature of the lower atmosphere to an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 degrees centigrade. Their measurements are based on the vibrations of oxygen molecules which vary with tempera ...
PDF
... The present research describes a climate change integrated impact assessment exercise, whose economic evaluation is based on a CGE approach and modeling effort. Input to the CGE model comes from a wide although still partial set of up-to-date bottom-up impact studies. Estimates indicate that a tempe ...
... The present research describes a climate change integrated impact assessment exercise, whose economic evaluation is based on a CGE approach and modeling effort. Input to the CGE model comes from a wide although still partial set of up-to-date bottom-up impact studies. Estimates indicate that a tempe ...
Addendum to Internal Document 336
... weather generator which is able to output both daily and consistent hourly weather data on a 5 km grid over the UK for the historic period (1961-1990) and future time slices in decadal steps from the 2020s up to the 2080s (with ...
... weather generator which is able to output both daily and consistent hourly weather data on a 5 km grid over the UK for the historic period (1961-1990) and future time slices in decadal steps from the 2020s up to the 2080s (with ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.