APH-13 - Laboratory for Remote Sensing Hydrology and Spatial
... Dept of Bioenvironmental Systems Eng, NTU ...
... Dept of Bioenvironmental Systems Eng, NTU ...
INTERREG IIIB ASTRA PROJECT Report on Generation, Use and
... nesting (dynamical) and regression based (statistical) downscaling. The latter is mainly based on empirical relationships between local-scale variables and their large scale predictors. These relationships can be based on a range of mathematical functions and fitting routines (cf. Wilby et al. 2002, ...
... nesting (dynamical) and regression based (statistical) downscaling. The latter is mainly based on empirical relationships between local-scale variables and their large scale predictors. These relationships can be based on a range of mathematical functions and fitting routines (cf. Wilby et al. 2002, ...
Changes in El Niño and La Niña teleconnections over North Pacific
... response in the tropical Pacific, thus indicating that SST over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific warms more than western equatorial and off equatorial Pacific, with a corresponding mean eastward shift of precipitation (e.g. Knutson and Manabe 1995, 1998; Meehl and Washington 1996; Cane et ...
... response in the tropical Pacific, thus indicating that SST over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific warms more than western equatorial and off equatorial Pacific, with a corresponding mean eastward shift of precipitation (e.g. Knutson and Manabe 1995, 1998; Meehl and Washington 1996; Cane et ...
Modeling plant species distributions under future
... and its location would have diminishing spatial congruence (overlap) with the area of suitable habitat predicted at the finest scale; (b) climate-change refugia are more likely to be detected at finer spatial resolutions that better represent topographic effects on climate. ...
... and its location would have diminishing spatial congruence (overlap) with the area of suitable habitat predicted at the finest scale; (b) climate-change refugia are more likely to be detected at finer spatial resolutions that better represent topographic effects on climate. ...
Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a
... and the LIA are robust features which were forced by solar and volcanic activity or whether they are representations of internal climate noise. To structure our analysis, we discuss the comparisons of simulated and observed temperature time-series on three different spatial scales (hemispheric, cont ...
... and the LIA are robust features which were forced by solar and volcanic activity or whether they are representations of internal climate noise. To structure our analysis, we discuss the comparisons of simulated and observed temperature time-series on three different spatial scales (hemispheric, cont ...
First International Workshop on the “Responses of Marine Hazards
... the marine field which are related to climate change, in order to achieve an international agreement and draw up an adaptive strategy to use of marine resources wisely for the benefit of humanity. ...
... the marine field which are related to climate change, in order to achieve an international agreement and draw up an adaptive strategy to use of marine resources wisely for the benefit of humanity. ...
East Africa
... common 1.258 3 ;1.248 latitude–longitude grid, corresponding roughly to T95 resolution. As in Part I, two subsamples have been selected from the model simulations. The 1901–2000 and 2051–2200 periods define the present (20c3m) and future climate, respectively. In addition to monthly CMIP3 precipitat ...
... common 1.258 3 ;1.248 latitude–longitude grid, corresponding roughly to T95 resolution. As in Part I, two subsamples have been selected from the model simulations. The 1901–2000 and 2051–2200 periods define the present (20c3m) and future climate, respectively. In addition to monthly CMIP3 precipitat ...
AOSC 200 Weather and Climate
... Step 4: Tweaking and Broadcasting • Analyze model output accounting for known biases in models • Combine model output with knowledge of local weather (small scale winds that models can’t predict) to create forecasts ...
... Step 4: Tweaking and Broadcasting • Analyze model output accounting for known biases in models • Combine model output with knowledge of local weather (small scale winds that models can’t predict) to create forecasts ...
On multiple solutions of the atmosphere–vegetation system in
... condition 4, and the second with 1, 2, 3. When comparing these results with an earlier study of biogeophysical feedback in the African and Asian monsoon area, it can be concluded that North Africa is probably the region on Earth which is most sensitive considering bifurcations of the atmosphere–vege ...
... condition 4, and the second with 1, 2, 3. When comparing these results with an earlier study of biogeophysical feedback in the African and Asian monsoon area, it can be concluded that North Africa is probably the region on Earth which is most sensitive considering bifurcations of the atmosphere–vege ...
Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in Africa
... Compared to the Climate Research Unit (CRU TS2.1; New et al. 2000) gridded precipitation, the 12 selected CGCMs had the highest correlation and smallest root-meansquared-error (RMSE) over much of sub-Saharan Africa. Results from the CGCM selection process are relevant for this larger domain (sub-Sah ...
... Compared to the Climate Research Unit (CRU TS2.1; New et al. 2000) gridded precipitation, the 12 selected CGCMs had the highest correlation and smallest root-meansquared-error (RMSE) over much of sub-Saharan Africa. Results from the CGCM selection process are relevant for this larger domain (sub-Sah ...
Uncertainty in climate change impacts on water resources in the Rio
... The MGB-IPH hydrological model is a large-scale distributed model (Collischonn et al., 2007a) which includes modules for calculating the soil-water budget, evapotranspiration, flow propagation, and flow routing through a drainage network automatically derived from a digital elevation model (Paz and ...
... The MGB-IPH hydrological model is a large-scale distributed model (Collischonn et al., 2007a) which includes modules for calculating the soil-water budget, evapotranspiration, flow propagation, and flow routing through a drainage network automatically derived from a digital elevation model (Paz and ...
Do Stacked Species Distribution Models Reflect Altitudinal Diversity
... techniques. As herbarium collections only provide presence data, we generated pseudo-absences as similarly performed by Elith et al. [32] with the extension ‘‘Random Point Generator 1.28’’ (ArcView 3.2) and the following constraints [47]: (1) we generated approximately the same number of pseudo-abse ...
... techniques. As herbarium collections only provide presence data, we generated pseudo-absences as similarly performed by Elith et al. [32] with the extension ‘‘Random Point Generator 1.28’’ (ArcView 3.2) and the following constraints [47]: (1) we generated approximately the same number of pseudo-abse ...
Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy
... Tennekes [13]). That said, it is not at all clear how one is to extract probabilities from computer simulations of any kind, much less from those that extrapolate an entire planet to regimes which have never been observed. The diversity of our current climate models, or of any set of models to be de ...
... Tennekes [13]). That said, it is not at all clear how one is to extract probabilities from computer simulations of any kind, much less from those that extrapolate an entire planet to regimes which have never been observed. The diversity of our current climate models, or of any set of models to be de ...
Lecture5-PrecipII
... 20,000 feet (6,000 meters), cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals that originate from the freezing of supercooled water droplets. Cirrus generally occur in fair weather and point in the direction of air movement at their elevation. ...
... 20,000 feet (6,000 meters), cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals that originate from the freezing of supercooled water droplets. Cirrus generally occur in fair weather and point in the direction of air movement at their elevation. ...
The Ice Cloud and
... They combined a model known as the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.2 (CAM5) with the University of Michigan’s IMPACT aerosol model. The IMPACT model developed by them simulates up to 16 different aerosol mixes, allowing them to tweak variables such as fossil soot type, amount of sulphate on the ...
... They combined a model known as the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.2 (CAM5) with the University of Michigan’s IMPACT aerosol model. The IMPACT model developed by them simulates up to 16 different aerosol mixes, allowing them to tweak variables such as fossil soot type, amount of sulphate on the ...
Historical and idealized climate model experiments: an
... IPCC, 2007). As part of the EMIC community’s contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report, 15 EMICs have contributed results from a series of experiments designed to examine climate change over the last millennium and to extend the representative concentration pathways projections that are being simu ...
... IPCC, 2007). As part of the EMIC community’s contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report, 15 EMICs have contributed results from a series of experiments designed to examine climate change over the last millennium and to extend the representative concentration pathways projections that are being simu ...
Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle
... is consistent with the standard assumption that decomposition occurs more rapidly in warmer conditions (Jenkinson et al., 1991). The Hadley Centre Dynamic Global Vegetation Model, ‘‘TRIFFID’’, updates a single soil carbon store based on litterfall inputs from vegetation, and soil respiration (i.e. d ...
... is consistent with the standard assumption that decomposition occurs more rapidly in warmer conditions (Jenkinson et al., 1991). The Hadley Centre Dynamic Global Vegetation Model, ‘‘TRIFFID’’, updates a single soil carbon store based on litterfall inputs from vegetation, and soil respiration (i.e. d ...
Modelling Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle as Interactive Elements
... where ca and co are respectively the partial pressures of CO in the atmosphere and ocean at a given location. K parametrizes the eect of the wind speed on the gas transfer velocity, using the formulation of Wanninkhof (1992). Winds are obtained from the atmospheric model. The partial pressure of CO ...
... where ca and co are respectively the partial pressures of CO in the atmosphere and ocean at a given location. K parametrizes the eect of the wind speed on the gas transfer velocity, using the formulation of Wanninkhof (1992). Winds are obtained from the atmospheric model. The partial pressure of CO ...
Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery
... Near the surface, changes in the SAM are expected to be associated with regional warming and cooling. For instance, Thompson et al. (2011) suggest that about half of the surface warming over the Antarctic Peninsula and nearly all of the surface cooling over east Antarctica which were observed during ...
... Near the surface, changes in the SAM are expected to be associated with regional warming and cooling. For instance, Thompson et al. (2011) suggest that about half of the surface warming over the Antarctic Peninsula and nearly all of the surface cooling over east Antarctica which were observed during ...
PDF
... annual average precipitation will increase by 5 to 7 percent and the annual mean temperature will rise within a range of 2.3 to 3.3 degree Celsius in China (The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, 2007). The economic cost of the expected climatic change and climate ...
... annual average precipitation will increase by 5 to 7 percent and the annual mean temperature will rise within a range of 2.3 to 3.3 degree Celsius in China (The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, 2007). The economic cost of the expected climatic change and climate ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use
... atmosphere. The associated trends are important indicators of climate change and are likely to have profound influences on ecosystems and societies. This review is focused on two important examples of such change: first, tropical circulation change related to a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell ...
... atmosphere. The associated trends are important indicators of climate change and are likely to have profound influences on ecosystems and societies. This review is focused on two important examples of such change: first, tropical circulation change related to a poleward expansion of the Hadley cell ...
Historical and idealized climate model experiments
... IPCC, 2007). As part of the EMIC community’s contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report, 15 EMICs have contributed results from a series of experiments designed to examine climate change over the last millennium and to extend the representative concentration pathways projections that are being simu ...
... IPCC, 2007). As part of the EMIC community’s contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report, 15 EMICs have contributed results from a series of experiments designed to examine climate change over the last millennium and to extend the representative concentration pathways projections that are being simu ...
Forest ecotone response to climate change
... based on biological principles, using two different arguments. In fact, neither of these arguments holds up under scrutiny. The first argument is based on the well-known fact that photosynthesis measured on short time scales shows a unimodal response to temperature. It is then argued by extension th ...
... based on biological principles, using two different arguments. In fact, neither of these arguments holds up under scrutiny. The first argument is based on the well-known fact that photosynthesis measured on short time scales shows a unimodal response to temperature. It is then argued by extension th ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.