Hydrology - Tufts University School of Engineering
... greenhouse gases are complex and poorly understood phenomena. How do global climate processes, such as those leading to higher surface temperature, affect regional and local hydrologic regimes?. For hydrologic design and water resources planning, the answers are vital. In this paper, we review the i ...
... greenhouse gases are complex and poorly understood phenomena. How do global climate processes, such as those leading to higher surface temperature, affect regional and local hydrologic regimes?. For hydrologic design and water resources planning, the answers are vital. In this paper, we review the i ...
Evaluation of CMIP5 continental precipitation simulations relative to
... several observational estimates. They also noted that the ensemble mean model precipitation was generally closer to the observations than that of any individual CMIP3 model. Several studies focused on the common errors and/or frequency and intensity of CMIP3 daily precipitation simulations [e.g., Da ...
... several observational estimates. They also noted that the ensemble mean model precipitation was generally closer to the observations than that of any individual CMIP3 model. Several studies focused on the common errors and/or frequency and intensity of CMIP3 daily precipitation simulations [e.g., Da ...
Understanding Uncertainties in Future Colorado River Streamflow
... differences, the nature and implications of which we summarize below, highlight the need for the ...
... differences, the nature and implications of which we summarize below, highlight the need for the ...
Impact of weather on commuter cyclist behaviour and implications
... Both Richardson (2000) and Phung and Rose (2007) explored how weather variations affect bicycle ridership in Melbourne, Australia. Rain was identified as the most influential weather parameter which significantly decreased commuting cyclist volumes. Both of these studies found that rainfall has a no ...
... Both Richardson (2000) and Phung and Rose (2007) explored how weather variations affect bicycle ridership in Melbourne, Australia. Rain was identified as the most influential weather parameter which significantly decreased commuting cyclist volumes. Both of these studies found that rainfall has a no ...
Future Climate Impact on the Desertification in the Dry Land Asia
... clear that the degradation has led to the creation of desert-like conditions [7]. Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed in most of Asia over the past century, but there is much uncertainty in future precipitation; this is critical because water scarcity is expected to ...
... clear that the degradation has led to the creation of desert-like conditions [7]. Warming trends and increasing temperature extremes have been observed in most of Asia over the past century, but there is much uncertainty in future precipitation; this is critical because water scarcity is expected to ...
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... The regional costs of emission reductions are represented by dynamic mitigation cost functions. In integrated assessment models, mitigation cost functions represent the link between the magnitude of emission reductions relative to a reference path and the resulting economic costs. Traditional mitiga ...
... The regional costs of emission reductions are represented by dynamic mitigation cost functions. In integrated assessment models, mitigation cost functions represent the link between the magnitude of emission reductions relative to a reference path and the resulting economic costs. Traditional mitiga ...
Mathematical Formalisms in Scientific Practice: From Denotation to
... In the case of the heat equation, the relevant phenomenological law is Newton's law of cooling, according to which the rate of heat loss of one body to another is proportional to the dierence in temperature between them. The regularities that phenomenological laws describe typically do not hold uni ...
... In the case of the heat equation, the relevant phenomenological law is Newton's law of cooling, according to which the rate of heat loss of one body to another is proportional to the dierence in temperature between them. The regularities that phenomenological laws describe typically do not hold uni ...
paper - IASC Network on Arctic Glaciology
... that can be used to judge the simulated late-Pleistocene/ Holocene response (e.g. Ritz and others, 1997). Altogether there is a great need for further study of the larger ice bodies. With regard to the globally integrated effect of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particula ...
... that can be used to judge the simulated late-Pleistocene/ Holocene response (e.g. Ritz and others, 1997). Altogether there is a great need for further study of the larger ice bodies. With regard to the globally integrated effect of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps, the Arctic region is of particula ...
North American megadroughts in the Common Era
... time that megadroughts afflicted nearly every area of the West. These foundational studies helped launch an entire body of megadrought research using a diversity of paleoclimate proxies, including tree rings,16,21,22 lake sediments,23 and pollen records.24 With this expanded network of proxy informat ...
... time that megadroughts afflicted nearly every area of the West. These foundational studies helped launch an entire body of megadrought research using a diversity of paleoclimate proxies, including tree rings,16,21,22 lake sediments,23 and pollen records.24 With this expanded network of proxy informat ...
Regional climate model data used within the SWURVE project
... differences (Covey et al., 2003; Grotch and MacCracken, 1991; Lambert and Boer, 2001; Räisänen, 1997, 2001, 2002). Furthermore, when a GCM is combined with a regional climate model (RCM), systematic errors may be added as the climate of the RCM is affected by model resolution, numerical scheme and p ...
... differences (Covey et al., 2003; Grotch and MacCracken, 1991; Lambert and Boer, 2001; Räisänen, 1997, 2001, 2002). Furthermore, when a GCM is combined with a regional climate model (RCM), systematic errors may be added as the climate of the RCM is affected by model resolution, numerical scheme and p ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... Africa. While the two malaria models produce very distinct transmission patterns for the recent climate, their response to future climate change is similar in terms of sign and spatial distribution, with malaria transmission moving to higher altitudes in the East African Community (EAC) region, whil ...
... Africa. While the two malaria models produce very distinct transmission patterns for the recent climate, their response to future climate change is similar in terms of sign and spatial distribution, with malaria transmission moving to higher altitudes in the East African Community (EAC) region, whil ...
ICT research for Climate Change
... (ii) Development of appropriate hydrological and water resources modeling tools in parallel with capacity building within key stakeholder organizations ...
... (ii) Development of appropriate hydrological and water resources modeling tools in parallel with capacity building within key stakeholder organizations ...
Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Water Resources Variability
... region. Hence it is necessary to improve our understanding of the problems caused by the changing climate. In recent years, concern has increased over climate change caused by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other trace gases in the atmosphere. A major effect of climate change is lik ...
... region. Hence it is necessary to improve our understanding of the problems caused by the changing climate. In recent years, concern has increased over climate change caused by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other trace gases in the atmosphere. A major effect of climate change is lik ...
AllanRP_PAGODA2013Nov - University of Reading, Meteorology
... scales and decadal timescales evaluate, at process level, consistency between observed and modelled changes Focus here upon satellite era ...
... scales and decadal timescales evaluate, at process level, consistency between observed and modelled changes Focus here upon satellite era ...
PDF
... negative temperature effect extends to manufacturing as well as agriculture. This paper introduces the results of an extended Dell et al. (2012) type of analysis into a structural dynamic general equilibrium growth model. Our research strategy is to: 1. Construct a panel of data (for 25 Brazilian st ...
... negative temperature effect extends to manufacturing as well as agriculture. This paper introduces the results of an extended Dell et al. (2012) type of analysis into a structural dynamic general equilibrium growth model. Our research strategy is to: 1. Construct a panel of data (for 25 Brazilian st ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... functions in these IAMs are typically calibrated by estimating damages at moderate temperature increases (e.g., DICE was calibrated at 2.5 °C) and extrapolated to far higher temperatures by assuming that damages increase as some power of the temperature change. Hence, estimated damages are far more ...
... functions in these IAMs are typically calibrated by estimating damages at moderate temperature increases (e.g., DICE was calibrated at 2.5 °C) and extrapolated to far higher temperatures by assuming that damages increase as some power of the temperature change. Hence, estimated damages are far more ...
Polar amplification as a preferred response in an idealized
... is significantly shorter than that for the ocean, and the atmospheric time-scale can be regarded as negligible compared to the longer oceanic time-scales. Since the atmosphere is chiefly heated from below, the atmospheric state averaged over the short atmospheric time-scales will be given by the sta ...
... is significantly shorter than that for the ocean, and the atmospheric time-scale can be regarded as negligible compared to the longer oceanic time-scales. Since the atmosphere is chiefly heated from below, the atmospheric state averaged over the short atmospheric time-scales will be given by the sta ...
Environmental Structure And Function: Climate System
... The terms "atmosphere", "weather" and "climate" frequently are used in daily life in a broad sense. For example, it is possible to speak about "friendly climate" or about "tense atmosphere". People sometimes use the terms “weather” and “climate” interchangeably, but they are not the same. In science ...
... The terms "atmosphere", "weather" and "climate" frequently are used in daily life in a broad sense. For example, it is possible to speak about "friendly climate" or about "tense atmosphere". People sometimes use the terms “weather” and “climate” interchangeably, but they are not the same. In science ...
Economic Consequences of Climate Change Impacts on
... the loss of $503.1 million in value added over first 15 years at this hub with spillover effects to the entire RTN. For example, this spillover impact on Fredericton hub was estimated as $22.29 million over first 15 years. These values give us some benchmarks for the investments into climate change ...
... the loss of $503.1 million in value added over first 15 years at this hub with spillover effects to the entire RTN. For example, this spillover impact on Fredericton hub was estimated as $22.29 million over first 15 years. These values give us some benchmarks for the investments into climate change ...
Climatic classification and future global
... temperate and subtropical areas (e.g. central North America, eastern Europe and western Asia). In subtropical and tropical regions of greater moisture availability, cold growing seasons are unknown and most land would be classed as agricultural. Yet. clearly, many soil systems within tropical latitu ...
... temperate and subtropical areas (e.g. central North America, eastern Europe and western Asia). In subtropical and tropical regions of greater moisture availability, cold growing seasons are unknown and most land would be classed as agricultural. Yet. clearly, many soil systems within tropical latitu ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.