The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
... MEZON (Model for Evaluation of oZONe trends, Egorova et al., 2003). MA-ECHAM5. The middle atmosphere version of ECHAM5 is a spectral GCM based on the primitive equations with temperature, vorticity, divergence, the surface www.geosci-model-dev.net/7/2157/2014/ ...
... MEZON (Model for Evaluation of oZONe trends, Egorova et al., 2003). MA-ECHAM5. The middle atmosphere version of ECHAM5 is a spectral GCM based on the primitive equations with temperature, vorticity, divergence, the surface www.geosci-model-dev.net/7/2157/2014/ ...
a weather generator based on analogues of atmospheric circulation
... with the aim of simulating long sequences of precipitation, for agronomical applications (Mavromatis and Hansen, 2001; Huth et al., 2001; Hansen et al., 2006; Semenov and Barrow, 1997; Flecher et al., 2010; Busuioc and von Storch, 2003), by using an empirical relation between large and small scale v ...
... with the aim of simulating long sequences of precipitation, for agronomical applications (Mavromatis and Hansen, 2001; Huth et al., 2001; Hansen et al., 2006; Semenov and Barrow, 1997; Flecher et al., 2010; Busuioc and von Storch, 2003), by using an empirical relation between large and small scale v ...
Predicting regional climate change: living with uncertainty
... commonly develop statistical relationships between local climate variables and model predictors, and then apply those relationships to model climate scenarios to derive estimations of localized climate change. Such statistical links may be made directly by regression (Kim et al., 1984), via circulat ...
... commonly develop statistical relationships between local climate variables and model predictors, and then apply those relationships to model climate scenarios to derive estimations of localized climate change. Such statistical links may be made directly by regression (Kim et al., 1984), via circulat ...
Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and
... Seven future climate scenarios generated by general circulation models (GCM) were used by MAPSS at 10-km resolution (Kittel and others 1995; Neilson and Drapek 1998), and two of them were used by MC1 and MAPSS at a 0.5° latitude/longitude resolution. Fine-scale features of the climate, related to to ...
... Seven future climate scenarios generated by general circulation models (GCM) were used by MAPSS at 10-km resolution (Kittel and others 1995; Neilson and Drapek 1998), and two of them were used by MC1 and MAPSS at a 0.5° latitude/longitude resolution. Fine-scale features of the climate, related to to ...
Ocean Currents and Climate - History Programs
... the fact that water hauled up from the deeps, anywhere in the world, is nearly freezing. (There’s a story that the inspiration for these studies came from an old practice of ships in the tropics, chilling bottles of wine by dunking them overboard.) The cold water must have sunk in Arctic regions and ...
... the fact that water hauled up from the deeps, anywhere in the world, is nearly freezing. (There’s a story that the inspiration for these studies came from an old practice of ships in the tropics, chilling bottles of wine by dunking them overboard.) The cold water must have sunk in Arctic regions and ...
department of defense weather programs
... uses both stellar and inertial references, together with on-board processors, to maintain stability and pointing accuracy. The DMSP also flies a microwave temperature and humidity sounder (SSM/T, SSM/T-2) which provides vertical temperature, moisture, and height profiles of the atmosphere and is use ...
... uses both stellar and inertial references, together with on-board processors, to maintain stability and pointing accuracy. The DMSP also flies a microwave temperature and humidity sounder (SSM/T, SSM/T-2) which provides vertical temperature, moisture, and height profiles of the atmosphere and is use ...
2012 2013 FINAL CICS Annual Report
... Dimensions.” The workshop brought together mathematicians and atmosphere/ocean scientists from around the globe to familiarize them with ongoing research outside of their fields, and possibly fertilize new work within both groups. Many idealized models of atmospheric and oceanic flows reduce to the ...
... Dimensions.” The workshop brought together mathematicians and atmosphere/ocean scientists from around the globe to familiarize them with ongoing research outside of their fields, and possibly fertilize new work within both groups. Many idealized models of atmospheric and oceanic flows reduce to the ...
Mechanisms for millennial-scale global synchronization during the
... [1] Global climate during the last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt warmings and occasional pulses of freshwater into the North Atlantic that disrupted deepwater production. These massive freshwater pulses known as Heinrich events arose, in part, from instabilities within the Laurentide ice s ...
... [1] Global climate during the last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt warmings and occasional pulses of freshwater into the North Atlantic that disrupted deepwater production. These massive freshwater pulses known as Heinrich events arose, in part, from instabilities within the Laurentide ice s ...
The Resolution Dependence of Contiguous U.S. Precipitation
... Common approaches to work around such issues include the use of high-resolution atmosphere-only models or downscaling techniques. The latter includes methods based on the statistical distribution of precipitation in the present-day climate or further integration with a regional model, to add regiona ...
... Common approaches to work around such issues include the use of high-resolution atmosphere-only models or downscaling techniques. The latter includes methods based on the statistical distribution of precipitation in the present-day climate or further integration with a regional model, to add regiona ...
Climate evolution in the last five centuries
... is about 2.8◦ x 2.8◦ with a grid refinement in the tropical regions, where the meridional grid-point separation decreases progressively to the equator, reaching a value of 0.5◦ . This increased resolution allows for instance for a more realistic representation of ENSO events. The ocean model has 20 ...
... is about 2.8◦ x 2.8◦ with a grid refinement in the tropical regions, where the meridional grid-point separation decreases progressively to the equator, reaching a value of 0.5◦ . This increased resolution allows for instance for a more realistic representation of ENSO events. The ocean model has 20 ...
Impact of climate change on surface winds in France using a
... downscale near-surface wind fields. They provide results with high spatial resolution (0.44 × 0.44° horizontal resolution) but use only two GCMs to force their RCM. Indeed such a method requires simulations that are computationally very expensive. An alternative procedure to statistical- or dynamica ...
... downscale near-surface wind fields. They provide results with high spatial resolution (0.44 × 0.44° horizontal resolution) but use only two GCMs to force their RCM. Indeed such a method requires simulations that are computationally very expensive. An alternative procedure to statistical- or dynamica ...
Do environmental concerns affect commuting choices? Hybrid
... environmental variables is a serious shortcoming given the key role of personal travel choices in climate change. Environmental attitudes are likely to influence the utility that an individual derives from different travel modes, and hence ultimately may affect mode choice. The relative importance o ...
... environmental variables is a serious shortcoming given the key role of personal travel choices in climate change. Environmental attitudes are likely to influence the utility that an individual derives from different travel modes, and hence ultimately may affect mode choice. The relative importance o ...
The implications of climate change scenario selection for future
... River Basin headwaters (water producing regions), streamflows in the Upper Colorado River Basin will be reduced less than projected, or may increase. Given the large uncertainty over future climate evolution at the scale of this transition zone, advances in climate science (perhaps including higherr ...
... River Basin headwaters (water producing regions), streamflows in the Upper Colorado River Basin will be reduced less than projected, or may increase. Given the large uncertainty over future climate evolution at the scale of this transition zone, advances in climate science (perhaps including higherr ...
Attributing regional trends of evapotranspiration and gross primary
... and gross primary productivity (GPP) is crucial for impact and adaptation assessment of the agro-ecosystems to climate change. Simulations with the VIP model revealed that annual ET and GPP slightly increased from 1981 to 2013 over the North China Plain. The tendencies of both ET and GPP were upward ...
... and gross primary productivity (GPP) is crucial for impact and adaptation assessment of the agro-ecosystems to climate change. Simulations with the VIP model revealed that annual ET and GPP slightly increased from 1981 to 2013 over the North China Plain. The tendencies of both ET and GPP were upward ...
Climate Sensitivity - Home page 350.me.uk
... Ocean ice cover is also computed in the experiments described here on the basis of the local heat balance. When the ocean surface loses heat, the mixed layer temperature decreases as f a r as the freezing point of ocean water, -1.6OC. Further heat loss from the open ocean causes ice to grow horizont ...
... Ocean ice cover is also computed in the experiments described here on the basis of the local heat balance. When the ocean surface loses heat, the mixed layer temperature decreases as f a r as the freezing point of ocean water, -1.6OC. Further heat loss from the open ocean causes ice to grow horizont ...
European atmosphere in 2050, a regional
... We use the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 climate scenarios from the CMIP5 set that cover the highest and lowest ranges in terms of radiative forcing explored by the RCP scenarios. The corresponding emissions of short lived species are used in the global chemistry model that will be used to constrain the regiona ...
... We use the RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 climate scenarios from the CMIP5 set that cover the highest and lowest ranges in terms of radiative forcing explored by the RCP scenarios. The corresponding emissions of short lived species are used in the global chemistry model that will be used to constrain the regiona ...
Assessment of climate change in Europe from an ensemble of
... Köppen climate classification and its variants have been used by several authors. Lohmann et al. (1993) used the Köppen classification to check whether a GCM was able to reproduce the present day climate and to analyse how the main climate regions could change as a result of global warming. Leeman ...
... Köppen climate classification and its variants have been used by several authors. Lohmann et al. (1993) used the Köppen classification to check whether a GCM was able to reproduce the present day climate and to analyse how the main climate regions could change as a result of global warming. Leeman ...
Effects of soil freezing and thawing on vegetation carbon density in
... capacity of the soil will be small hence most of snow melt or rainfall will run off. Lateral flow of water, which may play an important role in permafrost regions, is not considered in the present model. This may be a shortcoming for small-scale investigations, but implies that lateral flows are can ...
... capacity of the soil will be small hence most of snow melt or rainfall will run off. Lateral flow of water, which may play an important role in permafrost regions, is not considered in the present model. This may be a shortcoming for small-scale investigations, but implies that lateral flows are can ...
Prediction of Seasonal Forest Fire Severity in
... period. The levels and sources of predictive skill have been estimated using a cross-validation design. The predictor fields are global sea surface temperatures (SST) and Palmer drought severity index. Two consecutive 3-month predictor periods are used to detect evolving conditions in the predictor ...
... period. The levels and sources of predictive skill have been estimated using a cross-validation design. The predictor fields are global sea surface temperatures (SST) and Palmer drought severity index. Two consecutive 3-month predictor periods are used to detect evolving conditions in the predictor ...
Multi-Basin Modelling of Future Hydrological Fluxes in the Indian
... tackle the problem of RCM misrepresentation is to bias correct the RCM data to make them reproduce historical observed statistics to the degree possible [17]. Different approaches to bias correction have been made, with various complexity [18]. Simpler methods include shifting long-term annual or se ...
... tackle the problem of RCM misrepresentation is to bias correct the RCM data to make them reproduce historical observed statistics to the degree possible [17]. Different approaches to bias correction have been made, with various complexity [18]. Simpler methods include shifting long-term annual or se ...
PDF
... average temperature and rainfall for a crop, the authors used the notion of a “global growing season” defined as the period during which precipitation and temperature were most highly correlated with yield. One possible reason many studies continue to ignore the importance of farmer behavior is t ...
... average temperature and rainfall for a crop, the authors used the notion of a “global growing season” defined as the period during which precipitation and temperature were most highly correlated with yield. One possible reason many studies continue to ignore the importance of farmer behavior is t ...
Climate Research 57:61
... in the indices was determined using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test (Haylock et al. 2006, Dufek & Ambrizzi 2008), a test that has been extensively used to determine trends in hydrological records. This statistic measures the relative ordering of all possible pairs of data points, with the year u ...
... in the indices was determined using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test (Haylock et al. 2006, Dufek & Ambrizzi 2008), a test that has been extensively used to determine trends in hydrological records. This statistic measures the relative ordering of all possible pairs of data points, with the year u ...
Use of general circulation model output in the creation of climate
... basis, as has been recently done for the United States (Smith and Tirpak, 1989). Because of time lags inherent in the climate system, current actions will commit society to future climatic change and hence, the impacts on humans and the biosphere. The results of current impact analyses, even if impe ...
... basis, as has been recently done for the United States (Smith and Tirpak, 1989). Because of time lags inherent in the climate system, current actions will commit society to future climatic change and hence, the impacts on humans and the biosphere. The results of current impact analyses, even if impe ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.