“Duck Factory” of North America - American Meteorological Society
... phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are used to determine whether a recent wetting trend is due to natural variability or changing climate and how PPR hydroclimate will change into the future. Year-to-year variations in May duck populations, pond numbers, and the Palmer drought seve ...
... phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are used to determine whether a recent wetting trend is due to natural variability or changing climate and how PPR hydroclimate will change into the future. Year-to-year variations in May duck populations, pond numbers, and the Palmer drought seve ...
Climate Change - WeatherAction
... the real world using real data over hundreds of thousands of years. World temperatures do not follow CO2. Give the warmists no quarter! The world is not warming and has not been doing so for 18 years. Even under fraudulent UN-MetO-NOAA manipulated data the world is not warming. ALL the alarmist pred ...
... the real world using real data over hundreds of thousands of years. World temperatures do not follow CO2. Give the warmists no quarter! The world is not warming and has not been doing so for 18 years. Even under fraudulent UN-MetO-NOAA manipulated data the world is not warming. ALL the alarmist pred ...
Full-Text PDF
... thermal regime for the simulation period, instead of the default three layers with a total depth of 4.1 m, in this study. CLASS includes prognostic equations for energy and water conservation, and a thermal and hydrologically distinct snowpack where applicable (treated as a variable-depth layer). Th ...
... thermal regime for the simulation period, instead of the default three layers with a total depth of 4.1 m, in this study. CLASS includes prognostic equations for energy and water conservation, and a thermal and hydrologically distinct snowpack where applicable (treated as a variable-depth layer). Th ...
Simulating the winter North Atlantic Oscillation: the roles of internal
... and Iceland stations, Jones et al. (1997) produce a winter series from 1823 to the present (Fig. 1a shows a post-1874 series derived from this record). A disadvantage is that circulation variability that is unrelated to the NAO (i.e. with a different spatial structure) can have an influence on either ...
... and Iceland stations, Jones et al. (1997) produce a winter series from 1823 to the present (Fig. 1a shows a post-1874 series derived from this record). A disadvantage is that circulation variability that is unrelated to the NAO (i.e. with a different spatial structure) can have an influence on either ...
Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining
... 2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline. 3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly-l ...
... 2. Our results indicate that the South Hills crossbill has declined by over 60% between 2003 and 2008, and that decreasing adult survival drives this population decline. 3. We evaluated the relative support for multiple hypotheses linking crossbill survival to climate, an ectoparasitic mite (scaly-l ...
Climate impact on airborne particulate matter concentrations in
... 2007–2008. Some estimates predict that more than 18 000 California residents die prematurely each year due to air pollution (Tran et al., 2008). Meteorological parameters including temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor, boundary layer height, wind speed, and wind direction infl ...
... 2007–2008. Some estimates predict that more than 18 000 California residents die prematurely each year due to air pollution (Tran et al., 2008). Meteorological parameters including temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor, boundary layer height, wind speed, and wind direction infl ...
On the interpretation of inter-model spread in CMIP5 climate
... temperature adjustment occurs on a much smaller time-scale (i.e., weeks to months) than the long-term climate ...
... temperature adjustment occurs on a much smaller time-scale (i.e., weeks to months) than the long-term climate ...
Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings
... temperature and 0.2 mm day 1 for rainfall. (c) The threshold is 1.5°C. standard deviation limits estimated from the PI integrations. The XX-PI difference is significantly negative in a majority of models (16); in no case it is significantly positive. Such strong cross-model agreement forcefully sugg ...
... temperature and 0.2 mm day 1 for rainfall. (c) The threshold is 1.5°C. standard deviation limits estimated from the PI integrations. The XX-PI difference is significantly negative in a majority of models (16); in no case it is significantly positive. Such strong cross-model agreement forcefully sugg ...
Climate change impact on available water resources obtained using
... 7 Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands 8 Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany 9 Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK 2 Centre ...
... 7 Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands 8 Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany 9 Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK 2 Centre ...
Chapter 13 Thermodynamic Feedbacks in the Climate System
... The relationship between the magnitude of the climate forcing and the magnitude of the climate change response defines the climate sensitivity. A process that changes the sensitivity of the climate response is called a feedback mechanism. A feedback is positive if the process increases the magnitude ...
... The relationship between the magnitude of the climate forcing and the magnitude of the climate change response defines the climate sensitivity. A process that changes the sensitivity of the climate response is called a feedback mechanism. A feedback is positive if the process increases the magnitude ...
AllanRP_PAGODA_Dec12 - University of Reading, Meteorology
... drifts from analyses linking mean state errors to predicted hydrological response” • Looking at model drifts at the model time-step provides an opportunity for investigating process level responses ...
... drifts from analyses linking mean state errors to predicted hydrological response” • Looking at model drifts at the model time-step provides an opportunity for investigating process level responses ...
Increasing water cycle extremes in California and in relation to
... climate change forcing, we analyse here multiple projections made by the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1); this model has been shown to reasonably capture the variability of precipitation in California5, alongside multiple climate models that participated in the CMIP5. Under the RCP8.5 ...
... climate change forcing, we analyse here multiple projections made by the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1); this model has been shown to reasonably capture the variability of precipitation in California5, alongside multiple climate models that participated in the CMIP5. Under the RCP8.5 ...
Ireland in a Warmer World
... considered in Chapter 9. The simulations show an increase of about 10% in available wind power in future winter months in the middle of the century and a decrease of a comparable magnitude in the summer months. Increasing the horizontal resolution of the downscaling grid has a positive impact on the ...
... considered in Chapter 9. The simulations show an increase of about 10% in available wind power in future winter months in the middle of the century and a decrease of a comparable magnitude in the summer months. Increasing the horizontal resolution of the downscaling grid has a positive impact on the ...
www.ivt.ethz.ch
... “big bang” approach, implies large investments • The level of competition on the market is increasing Higher investment risk ...
... “big bang” approach, implies large investments • The level of competition on the market is increasing Higher investment risk ...
Climate changes of the twentieth through twenty-first
... in the past centuries, particularly in the northern hemisphere (NH). These observations can be used to examine how the climate model reproduces historical climate changes. Validating the simulated variations in the last 30 years of the twentieth century, a period with relatively high observation den ...
... in the past centuries, particularly in the northern hemisphere (NH). These observations can be used to examine how the climate model reproduces historical climate changes. Validating the simulated variations in the last 30 years of the twentieth century, a period with relatively high observation den ...
Modeled current and future soil thermal regime for northeast Canada
... snow water equivalent was converted into snow depth assuming a constant snow density of 300 kg/m3. The CRCM’s horizontal grid is uniform in polar stereographic projection and its vertical resolution is variable with a GalChen scaled-height terrain following coordinate. All CRCM simulations were perf ...
... snow water equivalent was converted into snow depth assuming a constant snow density of 300 kg/m3. The CRCM’s horizontal grid is uniform in polar stereographic projection and its vertical resolution is variable with a GalChen scaled-height terrain following coordinate. All CRCM simulations were perf ...
People as sensors: Mass media and local temperature influence
... a perceptible climate change. This suggestion was formulated as a testable hypothesis, but was not in fact tested (Hansen et al., 1998). Therefore, the question remains: are weather extremes indeed recognized by the general public and, consequently, associated with climate change? While the CSCI or ...
... a perceptible climate change. This suggestion was formulated as a testable hypothesis, but was not in fact tested (Hansen et al., 1998). Therefore, the question remains: are weather extremes indeed recognized by the general public and, consequently, associated with climate change? While the CSCI or ...
effects of changing climate on weather and human activities
... Tropical storms are organized, large-scale systems of intense low pressure that occur in low latitudes. If sufficiently intense these become hurricanes, which are also known as typhoons or tropical cyclones in other parts of the world. Weather systems develop, evolve, mature, and decay over periods ...
... Tropical storms are organized, large-scale systems of intense low pressure that occur in low latitudes. If sufficiently intense these become hurricanes, which are also known as typhoons or tropical cyclones in other parts of the world. Weather systems develop, evolve, mature, and decay over periods ...
Atmospheric Moisture Residence Times and Cycling: Implications
... precipitates out comes from horizontal transport versus local evaporation, referred to as ‘recycling’. The results depend greatly on the scale of the domain under consideration and global maps of the recycling for annual means are produced for 500 km scales for which global recycling is 9.6%, consis ...
... precipitates out comes from horizontal transport versus local evaporation, referred to as ‘recycling’. The results depend greatly on the scale of the domain under consideration and global maps of the recycling for annual means are produced for 500 km scales for which global recycling is 9.6%, consis ...
nota di lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Telegraphenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Email: [email protected] ...
... Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Telegraphenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Email: [email protected] ...
Climate change, wine, and conservation
... and Colchagua) will become mostly unsuitable under RCP 8.5, and the suitability of other regions (Aconcagua and Maule) are projected to decline considerably, leading to possible water use for grape cooling and heightened need for irrigation as a result of precipitation decreases. Strain on water res ...
... and Colchagua) will become mostly unsuitable under RCP 8.5, and the suitability of other regions (Aconcagua and Maule) are projected to decline considerably, leading to possible water use for grape cooling and heightened need for irrigation as a result of precipitation decreases. Strain on water res ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.