Development of a metamodel tool for regional integrated climate
... stakeholders across the agricultural, hydrological, biodiversity and coastal sectors. The Regional Impact Simulator contains the: Metamodels – a range of calibrated and validated metamodels simulating fluvial and coastal flooding; rural landuse change and agricultural production; water resources, ...
... stakeholders across the agricultural, hydrological, biodiversity and coastal sectors. The Regional Impact Simulator contains the: Metamodels – a range of calibrated and validated metamodels simulating fluvial and coastal flooding; rural landuse change and agricultural production; water resources, ...
Impacts of changes in land use and land cover on atmospheric
... other hand, previous studies suggested that decreased precipitation, especially in the low latitudes, could lead to significant dieback of tropical forests (e.g., Cox et al., 2004; Cramer et al., 2001, 2004; Levy et al., 2004). In addition to the effects of climate change and CO2 fertilization, dire ...
... other hand, previous studies suggested that decreased precipitation, especially in the low latitudes, could lead to significant dieback of tropical forests (e.g., Cox et al., 2004; Cramer et al., 2001, 2004; Levy et al., 2004). In addition to the effects of climate change and CO2 fertilization, dire ...
A Spatial Modeling Approach to Predicting the Secondary Spread of
... [19, 37], and killer shrimp have similar physical and chemical tolerances [38]. The three models based on Sieracki et al. (2013), a ‘‘random’’, ‘‘location’’, and ‘‘propagule pressure’’, were developed for each of the two backcast species [7]. The models have the same basic structure: (1) new infesta ...
... [19, 37], and killer shrimp have similar physical and chemical tolerances [38]. The three models based on Sieracki et al. (2013), a ‘‘random’’, ‘‘location’’, and ‘‘propagule pressure’’, were developed for each of the two backcast species [7]. The models have the same basic structure: (1) new infesta ...
Mediterranean Sea response to climate change in an
... the impact of A1B climate change scenario on the Mediterranean trophic regimes, but their time slice approach presented some limitations compared to the transient approach of the CIRCE project simulations (Gualdi et al. 2013), with smaller SST increase at the end of the twenty-first century compared ...
... the impact of A1B climate change scenario on the Mediterranean trophic regimes, but their time slice approach presented some limitations compared to the transient approach of the CIRCE project simulations (Gualdi et al. 2013), with smaller SST increase at the end of the twenty-first century compared ...
Climate change in Australia | Southern and South
... We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and I ...
... We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and I ...
for European Journal of Plant Pathology Manuscript Draft
... eventuality and component, but I believe the authors have addressed most issues as comprehensively and realistically as they can. I think there are a few issues of editing/clarification. Page 2, lines 45-50. I know what you mean, but the sentence is slightly confusing. Crop yields may also be affec ...
... eventuality and component, but I believe the authors have addressed most issues as comprehensively and realistically as they can. I think there are a few issues of editing/clarification. Page 2, lines 45-50. I know what you mean, but the sentence is slightly confusing. Crop yields may also be affec ...
Climate change in Australia | Murray Basin cluster report
... We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and I ...
... We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and I ...
A ricardian analysis of the distribution of climate change impacts on
... 6am and 6pm every day. These satellites are equipped with sensors that measure surface temperature by detecting microwaves that pass through clouds. The precipitation data comes from the Africa Rainfall and Temperature Evaluation System (ARTES) (World Bank 2003). This dataset, created by the Nationa ...
... 6am and 6pm every day. These satellites are equipped with sensors that measure surface temperature by detecting microwaves that pass through clouds. The precipitation data comes from the Africa Rainfall and Temperature Evaluation System (ARTES) (World Bank 2003). This dataset, created by the Nationa ...
the tambora project: an atmospheric simulation
... England. Tambora is thus an invaluable modern case-study in the impacts of abrupt, short-term climate change. Because of its impacts on the vulnerabilities of human communities to rapid changes in the climate system, a multidisciplinary collaboration between atmospheric science, computer modeling an ...
... England. Tambora is thus an invaluable modern case-study in the impacts of abrupt, short-term climate change. Because of its impacts on the vulnerabilities of human communities to rapid changes in the climate system, a multidisciplinary collaboration between atmospheric science, computer modeling an ...
Impacts of future climate change on soil frost in the midwestern
... annual air temperatures, reducing days with below freezing air temperature by up to two weeks, and shortening the duration of winters in the Great Lakes region since the early 1900s [Kling et al., 2003]. In the Missouri River basin, where snow plays a dominant role in hydrology, increased air temper ...
... annual air temperatures, reducing days with below freezing air temperature by up to two weeks, and shortening the duration of winters in the Great Lakes region since the early 1900s [Kling et al., 2003]. In the Missouri River basin, where snow plays a dominant role in hydrology, increased air temper ...
Will Geoengineering With Solar Radiation Management Ever Be
... In addition to the above issues, there are more that would affect the implementation of planetary geoengineering. The principle of informed consent governs medical interventions. How could we get the informed consent of the entire planet? What if a big multinational corporation was in charge? Would ...
... In addition to the above issues, there are more that would affect the implementation of planetary geoengineering. The principle of informed consent governs medical interventions. How could we get the informed consent of the entire planet? What if a big multinational corporation was in charge? Would ...
Alberta`s Natural Subregions Under a Changing Climate
... Alberta’s major ecosystems under the dry trajectory, which is most likely. Though the rate of change varies among the models, a comparison of the spatial patterns over time indicates that they share a common trajectory. That is, there is a consistent order to the sequence of changes in both the raw ...
... Alberta’s major ecosystems under the dry trajectory, which is most likely. Though the rate of change varies among the models, a comparison of the spatial patterns over time indicates that they share a common trajectory. That is, there is a consistent order to the sequence of changes in both the raw ...
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
... 2.8.1.3 Calibration of SWAT Model ...................................................................... 24 2.8.1.4 Climate Customization in SWAT ............................................................... 26 ...
... 2.8.1.3 Calibration of SWAT Model ...................................................................... 24 2.8.1.4 Climate Customization in SWAT ............................................................... 26 ...
Report of DPWG
... US CLIVAR Decadal Predictability Working Group Formally approved January 2009 ...
... US CLIVAR Decadal Predictability Working Group Formally approved January 2009 ...
Visualizing Future Climate in Latin America
... the ecology of the ocean; and c) corals are also a tourism attraction and as these bleach and disintegrate, they lose any esthetic value. The first near real-time satellite monitoring of global bleaching and early warning system was developed in 1996 at NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite, Data ...
... the ecology of the ocean; and c) corals are also a tourism attraction and as these bleach and disintegrate, they lose any esthetic value. The first near real-time satellite monitoring of global bleaching and early warning system was developed in 1996 at NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite, Data ...
Projected changes in US rainfall erosivity
... where N is the number of years (30 years) and Pd is daily precipitation. The creation of the gridded erosivity map based on the 1842 point values of R is described in an unpublished EPA report (Daly and Taylor, 2002). In general it follows the PRISM method outlined in Daly et al. (2002), but using m ...
... where N is the number of years (30 years) and Pd is daily precipitation. The creation of the gridded erosivity map based on the 1842 point values of R is described in an unpublished EPA report (Daly and Taylor, 2002). In general it follows the PRISM method outlined in Daly et al. (2002), but using m ...
Separating Forced from Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past
... with volcanic eruptions (e.g., following the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815). Figure 1 shows the University of East Anglia–Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Research Unit temperature, version 4 (HadCRUT4) instrumental data (Morice et al. 2012) from 1850 to 2000 as well. All reconstructions, except ...
... with volcanic eruptions (e.g., following the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815). Figure 1 shows the University of East Anglia–Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Research Unit temperature, version 4 (HadCRUT4) instrumental data (Morice et al. 2012) from 1850 to 2000 as well. All reconstructions, except ...
Climate change implications for the glaciers of the Hindu Kush
... change and variability, the short length of observational mass balance data available and the variation in glaciological conditions. Other non-climatic drivers such as deposition of dust and soot may also play a role, with some evidence that this may already be having an effect on some Tibetan glaci ...
... change and variability, the short length of observational mass balance data available and the variation in glaciological conditions. Other non-climatic drivers such as deposition of dust and soot may also play a role, with some evidence that this may already be having an effect on some Tibetan glaci ...
Climate change in Australia | East Coast cluster report
... Projections are generally given for two 20-year time periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble outpu ...
... Projections are generally given for two 20-year time periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble outpu ...
Climate change and Arctic ecosystems II
... in a scenario with unchecked atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. We compare the modeled vegetation to a map of present-day potential vegetation distribution, and to paleovegetation distributions inferred from pollen data. The future scenario allows us then to assess the sensitivity of Arctic veg ...
... in a scenario with unchecked atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. We compare the modeled vegetation to a map of present-day potential vegetation distribution, and to paleovegetation distributions inferred from pollen data. The future scenario allows us then to assess the sensitivity of Arctic veg ...
Projected effects of climate change on the distribution and
... conditions and projected the models to future conditions (2070) based on five regional climate models. The bird models were also used to create maps of conservation priorities for all species and for species indicative of four different habitat types: conifer forest, oak woodlands, grasslands and ri ...
... conditions and projected the models to future conditions (2070) based on five regional climate models. The bird models were also used to create maps of conservation priorities for all species and for species indicative of four different habitat types: conifer forest, oak woodlands, grasslands and ri ...
Greenhouse warming by nitrous oxide and methane in the
... 101 atmospheric levels, extending from 1 bar at the surface to 3 · 10)5 bar at altitude. The present model produces slightly greater greenhouse warming for dense atmospheres than our earlier, 25-level models, because of better vertical resolution within the region where the temperature is rapidly ch ...
... 101 atmospheric levels, extending from 1 bar at the surface to 3 · 10)5 bar at altitude. The present model produces slightly greater greenhouse warming for dense atmospheres than our earlier, 25-level models, because of better vertical resolution within the region where the temperature is rapidly ch ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.