Using climate information to support crop breeding decisions and
... could be impacted by the changing climate and changing threats from pests and pathogens. Crop breeding, both through conventional techniques, and GM assisted breeding could help meet these challenges, if adequately supported by appropriate information on the future climate. We highlight some of the ...
... could be impacted by the changing climate and changing threats from pests and pathogens. Crop breeding, both through conventional techniques, and GM assisted breeding could help meet these challenges, if adequately supported by appropriate information on the future climate. We highlight some of the ...
Erler, A.R., Peltier, W.R., dOrgeville, M. Dynamically downscaled
... product of the work described herein has been the development of an efficient and fully scripted pipeline, connecting the preprocessing system of the regional model with the output of the driving model. Furthermore, a common challenge in climate modeling is the validation process and the assessment ...
... product of the work described herein has been the development of an efficient and fully scripted pipeline, connecting the preprocessing system of the regional model with the output of the driving model. Furthermore, a common challenge in climate modeling is the validation process and the assessment ...
Assessments of moisture fluxes east of the Andes in South America
... and the low-level jet (LLJ) east of the Andes in South America over two time periods: the first can be understood as the current climate and covers the period from 1980 to 1989; the second covers the period from 2080 to 2089 under a future global warming climate as projected by the Intergovernmental ...
... and the low-level jet (LLJ) east of the Andes in South America over two time periods: the first can be understood as the current climate and covers the period from 1980 to 1989; the second covers the period from 2080 to 2089 under a future global warming climate as projected by the Intergovernmental ...
Using Concept Maps for Assessing Adult Learners in Training
... endangered indicator species. The hydrology of the river is characterized by low flow during the winter months, a snow-induced peak in spring/early summer, and smaller peaks in July and August due to the effect of the monsoon season. In the five recent decades, the Rio Grande has experienced near av ...
... endangered indicator species. The hydrology of the river is characterized by low flow during the winter months, a snow-induced peak in spring/early summer, and smaller peaks in July and August due to the effect of the monsoon season. In the five recent decades, the Rio Grande has experienced near av ...
Future Climate in the Yellowstone National Park Region and Its
... (GCM). A GCM has a coarse spatial resolution (e.g., gridcell sizes on the order of a few degrees of latitude by a few degrees of longitude) and crude representations of topography. These models also generally oversimplify the simulation of those climate variables (e.g., soil moisture) that are most ...
... (GCM). A GCM has a coarse spatial resolution (e.g., gridcell sizes on the order of a few degrees of latitude by a few degrees of longitude) and crude representations of topography. These models also generally oversimplify the simulation of those climate variables (e.g., soil moisture) that are most ...
Ch4 Pre-release version - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
Detection and Attribution of External Influences on the Climate System
... (SAR; IPCC 1996). Additional results were reported by Barnett et al. (1999) and contributed to the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR; IPCC 2001). The weight of evidence that humans have influenced the course of climate during the past century has accumulated rapidly since the inception of the IADG. ...
... (SAR; IPCC 1996). Additional results were reported by Barnett et al. (1999) and contributed to the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR; IPCC 2001). The weight of evidence that humans have influenced the course of climate during the past century has accumulated rapidly since the inception of the IADG. ...
The Australian Aerosol and Climate Research Program: A
... significant (net negative) contribution by aerosol to global climate forcing, with this forcing being highly uncertain. Reduction of the uncertainty in the aerosol forcing estimate is required to correspondingly improve projections of future climate. The review of “Future Climate Change Research and ...
... significant (net negative) contribution by aerosol to global climate forcing, with this forcing being highly uncertain. Reduction of the uncertainty in the aerosol forcing estimate is required to correspondingly improve projections of future climate. The review of “Future Climate Change Research and ...
Precipitation response of monsoon low
... Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 3Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 4National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA ...
... Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 3Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 4National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA ...
The role of ocean transport in the uptake of
... L. Cao et al.: Ocean transport and anthropogenic CO2 uptake 5000 years from now in response to a CO2 emission pulse of about 5000 Pg C (Archer, 2005; Lenton and Britton, 2006; Ridgwell and Hargreaves, 2007; Montenegro et al., 2007). Moreover, a recent model intercomparison study shows that in respon ...
... L. Cao et al.: Ocean transport and anthropogenic CO2 uptake 5000 years from now in response to a CO2 emission pulse of about 5000 Pg C (Archer, 2005; Lenton and Britton, 2006; Ridgwell and Hargreaves, 2007; Montenegro et al., 2007). Moreover, a recent model intercomparison study shows that in respon ...
Modeling and forecasting extreme hot events in the central
... This work has three objectives, first, to analyze the observed change in the summer maximum daily temperature during the period 1951–2004, in the centre of the Ebro river basin, a region situated in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. Secondly, to characterize the extreme hot event behaviour by means o ...
... This work has three objectives, first, to analyze the observed change in the summer maximum daily temperature during the period 1951–2004, in the centre of the Ebro river basin, a region situated in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. Secondly, to characterize the extreme hot event behaviour by means o ...
assessment of changes of extreme wave conditions at the
... of the Cosmo-CLM runs for the 21st century (A1B_1, A1B_2, B1_1, and B1_2) and the 20th century (C20_1 and C20_2). From the ensemble of the differences, the bandwidth of changes between the minimum and maximum differences of the frequency of occurrence was identified for the scenarios 2050 and 2100. ...
... of the Cosmo-CLM runs for the 21st century (A1B_1, A1B_2, B1_1, and B1_2) and the 20th century (C20_1 and C20_2). From the ensemble of the differences, the bandwidth of changes between the minimum and maximum differences of the frequency of occurrence was identified for the scenarios 2050 and 2100. ...
Land-Atmosphere Coupling and Drought Persistence in
... analyses allege the importance of land-atmosphere feedbacks and speculate that these feedbacks will amplify changes in the hydrological cycle in the presence of climate change, increasing drought severity. A statistical lagged correlation method is applied to IPPC model and observed precipitation an ...
... analyses allege the importance of land-atmosphere feedbacks and speculate that these feedbacks will amplify changes in the hydrological cycle in the presence of climate change, increasing drought severity. A statistical lagged correlation method is applied to IPPC model and observed precipitation an ...
PDF
... as a linear programming (LP) model. A LP model solves for optimal resource allocations within a typical farm-household, subject to a set of constraints. These may include available cash and land, seasonal labor constraints, and the level of available technology. This type of whole-firm optimization ...
... as a linear programming (LP) model. A LP model solves for optimal resource allocations within a typical farm-household, subject to a set of constraints. These may include available cash and land, seasonal labor constraints, and the level of available technology. This type of whole-firm optimization ...
Limited Alpine Climatic Warming and Modeled
... for analysis at higher elevations. Of the 347 active National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) meteorological stations in northern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, only two are above 650 m a.s.l.; the longest and most complete data set is from the summit of Mount Washington, New ...
... for analysis at higher elevations. Of the 347 active National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) meteorological stations in northern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, only two are above 650 m a.s.l.; the longest and most complete data set is from the summit of Mount Washington, New ...
Climate Change, Mean Sea Level and High Tides in the Bay of Fundy
... sea level rise and changes in tidal constants; we also use a numerical tidal model to investigate how climate change scenarios might combine with the the already changing local sea level and tides to affect tidal high water. We do not take into account short-term meteorologically driven sea level ev ...
... sea level rise and changes in tidal constants; we also use a numerical tidal model to investigate how climate change scenarios might combine with the the already changing local sea level and tides to affect tidal high water. We do not take into account short-term meteorologically driven sea level ev ...
weather and climate: engaging youth
... surface, contains 96 per cent of its living space, provides around half of the oxygen we breathe and is an increasing source of protein for a rapidly growing world population. However, human activity is having an impact on this precious resource on local, regional and global scales. Over the coming ...
... surface, contains 96 per cent of its living space, provides around half of the oxygen we breathe and is an increasing source of protein for a rapidly growing world population. However, human activity is having an impact on this precious resource on local, regional and global scales. Over the coming ...
Future Climate Change: Modeling and Scenarios
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
Present-day and future Antarctic ice sheet climate and surface mass
... assess the impact of a ‘best-case’ policy change on future Antarctic ice sheet climate and its contribution to future sea level change from surface processes. In-situ measurements of near-surface climate on Antarctica are sparse. In addition, the chronology of year-to-year variability within CESM do ...
... assess the impact of a ‘best-case’ policy change on future Antarctic ice sheet climate and its contribution to future sea level change from surface processes. In-situ measurements of near-surface climate on Antarctica are sparse. In addition, the chronology of year-to-year variability within CESM do ...
Development of a metamodel tool for regional integrated climate
... stakeholders across the agricultural, hydrological, biodiversity and coastal sectors. The Regional Impact Simulator contains the: Metamodels – a range of calibrated and validated metamodels simulating fluvial and coastal flooding; rural landuse change and agricultural production; water resources, ...
... stakeholders across the agricultural, hydrological, biodiversity and coastal sectors. The Regional Impact Simulator contains the: Metamodels – a range of calibrated and validated metamodels simulating fluvial and coastal flooding; rural landuse change and agricultural production; water resources, ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.