Article - Biogeosciences
... of incorporating functional change modules into mechanistic models, which are used to project future ecosystem carbon balances. Hui et al. (2003) used a homogeneity-of-slope model and a stepwise multiple regression approach to assess the IAV of the biotic responses of the Duke Forest, concluding tha ...
... of incorporating functional change modules into mechanistic models, which are used to project future ecosystem carbon balances. Hui et al. (2003) used a homogeneity-of-slope model and a stepwise multiple regression approach to assess the IAV of the biotic responses of the Duke Forest, concluding tha ...
Statistical downscaling of daily mean temperature, pan evaporation
... The climate in China is strongly controlled by the East Asian monsoon, in which the atmosphere circulation feature is quite different between winter and summer, and the scale of circulation pattern is large. Thus, it is a huge challenge in China to choose predictors in the wide tempospatial space (S ...
... The climate in China is strongly controlled by the East Asian monsoon, in which the atmosphere circulation feature is quite different between winter and summer, and the scale of circulation pattern is large. Thus, it is a huge challenge in China to choose predictors in the wide tempospatial space (S ...
Climate change in Australia | Rangelands cluster report
... by the IPCC, with a particular focus on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The former represents a pathway consistent with low-level emissions, which stabilise the carbon dioxide concentration at about 540 ppm by the end of the 21st century. The latter is representative of a high-emission scenario, for which the ca ...
... by the IPCC, with a particular focus on RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The former represents a pathway consistent with low-level emissions, which stabilise the carbon dioxide concentration at about 540 ppm by the end of the 21st century. The latter is representative of a high-emission scenario, for which the ca ...
MODULE 2 (EARTH SCIENCE)
... What is the greenhouse effect? The trapping of heat in the atmosphere by certain gases (water, carbon dioxide, methane). What is climate change? A long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). It may appear as changes in expected average values for temperature and precip ...
... What is the greenhouse effect? The trapping of heat in the atmosphere by certain gases (water, carbon dioxide, methane). What is climate change? A long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). It may appear as changes in expected average values for temperature and precip ...
Climate predictability - Institut Català de Ciències del Clima
... to the mature phase of El Niño. Changes in the distribution of European temperatures in a context of global warming are described from two different points of view. On the one hand, it is shown that the increasing intensity of the most damaging summer heat waves is mostly due to higher seasonal mea ...
... to the mature phase of El Niño. Changes in the distribution of European temperatures in a context of global warming are described from two different points of view. On the one hand, it is shown that the increasing intensity of the most damaging summer heat waves is mostly due to higher seasonal mea ...
Chapter 11. Assessing the Economy
... In this theoretical structure, households are typically assumed to maximize utility received from consumption of goods and services, subject to their budget constraints. Constantelasticity-of-substitution (CES) functions are typically used to describe these utility functions, which show how willing ...
... In this theoretical structure, households are typically assumed to maximize utility received from consumption of goods and services, subject to their budget constraints. Constantelasticity-of-substitution (CES) functions are typically used to describe these utility functions, which show how willing ...
Effects of vegetation feedback on future climate change over West
... a limited area model that uses hydrostatic and compressible dynamics equations and runs on sigma-p vertical coordinate and an Arakawa B-grid. The dynamics are similar to that of the hydrostatic version of the Pennsylvania State University Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5, Grell et al. 1994). It contai ...
... a limited area model that uses hydrostatic and compressible dynamics equations and runs on sigma-p vertical coordinate and an Arakawa B-grid. The dynamics are similar to that of the hydrostatic version of the Pennsylvania State University Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5, Grell et al. 1994). It contai ...
“It Was Raining All the Time!”: Ex Post Tourist Weather Perceptions
... Interviews took place in the respondents’ respective homes, in public locations, or, when the snowball sampling tracked respondents living in more distant locations, over the phone. Interviews were opened with a general question addressing the respondent’s “worst holiday experience”, i.e., avoiding ...
... Interviews took place in the respondents’ respective homes, in public locations, or, when the snowball sampling tracked respondents living in more distant locations, over the phone. Interviews were opened with a general question addressing the respondent’s “worst holiday experience”, i.e., avoiding ...
Do Western and Eastern Europe have the same
... have not received significant attention. Yet, it is a prerequisite to understand differences in adaptive capacities for successful targeting interventions (Vincent, 2007). As such, this paper examines these warnings for Eastern Europe. It tests whether Western and Eastern Europe have a similar clima ...
... have not received significant attention. Yet, it is a prerequisite to understand differences in adaptive capacities for successful targeting interventions (Vincent, 2007). As such, this paper examines these warnings for Eastern Europe. It tests whether Western and Eastern Europe have a similar clima ...
Projected increases in near‑surface air temperature over Ontario
... Province in the context of global warming, is of great interest to local policy makers, stakeholders, and development practitioners. Therefore, in this study, high-resolution projections of near-surface air temperature outcomes including mean, maximum, and minimum daily temperature over Ontario are ...
... Province in the context of global warming, is of great interest to local policy makers, stakeholders, and development practitioners. Therefore, in this study, high-resolution projections of near-surface air temperature outcomes including mean, maximum, and minimum daily temperature over Ontario are ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INCORPORATING CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY INTO ESTIMATES OF CLIMATE
... In this article, we – a team of both social science and climate science researchers – attempt to move the economics of climate change literature forward by presenting a readily useable analytical approach that directly addresses the issue of climate uncertainty. We develop our recommended approach i ...
... In this article, we – a team of both social science and climate science researchers – attempt to move the economics of climate change literature forward by presenting a readily useable analytical approach that directly addresses the issue of climate uncertainty. We develop our recommended approach i ...
Temperature-induced mismatches between
... mismatches may reduce ingestion efficiency, defined as the amount of carbon assimilated per unit of carbon respired (Vassuer and McCann 2005). Reduced ingestion efficiencies may decrease individual fitness, as there is less energy available for growth and reproduction after basic cell maintenance costs ...
... mismatches may reduce ingestion efficiency, defined as the amount of carbon assimilated per unit of carbon respired (Vassuer and McCann 2005). Reduced ingestion efficiencies may decrease individual fitness, as there is less energy available for growth and reproduction after basic cell maintenance costs ...
Do environmental concerns affect commuting choices?: hybrid
... attitudes, such as concerns over climate change, and ‘external’ contextual factors such as the transport costs, and institutional constraints such as the local availability of transport choices. Hence external factors (like time and cost) will moderate the effect of environmental beliefs, and the re ...
... attitudes, such as concerns over climate change, and ‘external’ contextual factors such as the transport costs, and institutional constraints such as the local availability of transport choices. Hence external factors (like time and cost) will moderate the effect of environmental beliefs, and the re ...
Joint regional climate system modelling for the European sea
... regional climate using observations and Regional Climate System Models (RCSMs), encompassing processes in the atmosphere, land, sea, and anthroposphere. In this workshop, we will focus on European seas and their catchment areas like the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea and Arctic ...
... regional climate using observations and Regional Climate System Models (RCSMs), encompassing processes in the atmosphere, land, sea, and anthroposphere. In this workshop, we will focus on European seas and their catchment areas like the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea and Arctic ...
Obliquity pacing of the late Pleistocene glacial terminations
... 100ky variability4 , but it is difficult to see the climatic significance of such modulations. Instead, we suggest that the climate state skips one or two obliquity beats prior to deglaciating, thus giving quantized glacial cycle durations of either 80 or 120ky. A speculative scenario is for increa ...
... 100ky variability4 , but it is difficult to see the climatic significance of such modulations. Instead, we suggest that the climate state skips one or two obliquity beats prior to deglaciating, thus giving quantized glacial cycle durations of either 80 or 120ky. A speculative scenario is for increa ...
Endogeneity and Sampling of Alternatives in Spatial Choice Models
... policy analysis (Ben-Akiva, 1973; Kitamura et al., 1996; Bowman, 1998; Badoe and Miller, 2000) and have consequently limited the ability to control traffic congestion, air pollution, noise and other externalities that jeopardize urban sustainability. Any model will be only as valid as the behavioral ...
... policy analysis (Ben-Akiva, 1973; Kitamura et al., 1996; Bowman, 1998; Badoe and Miller, 2000) and have consequently limited the ability to control traffic congestion, air pollution, noise and other externalities that jeopardize urban sustainability. Any model will be only as valid as the behavioral ...
impacts of climate change on date palm in oman
... Historically it is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees on earth. Along with the olive and fig, date palm forms an ancient group of fruit trees closely associated with the beginnings of agriculture and was domesticated in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) more than 5,000 years ago. While it was prev ...
... Historically it is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees on earth. Along with the olive and fig, date palm forms an ancient group of fruit trees closely associated with the beginnings of agriculture and was domesticated in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) more than 5,000 years ago. While it was prev ...
Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast
... Pacific EwE models disaggregate into size classes. For body size calculations, we assumed that euphausiids and copepods were representative of the body size for large and small zooplankton groups, respectively, because these are the dominant taxa in the region (Mackas and Tsuda, 1999). Implicitly, t ...
... Pacific EwE models disaggregate into size classes. For body size calculations, we assumed that euphausiids and copepods were representative of the body size for large and small zooplankton groups, respectively, because these are the dominant taxa in the region (Mackas and Tsuda, 1999). Implicitly, t ...
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
... MEZON (Model for Evaluation of oZONe trends, Egorova et al., 2003). MA-ECHAM5. The middle atmosphere version of ECHAM5 is a spectral GCM based on the primitive equations with temperature, vorticity, divergence, the surface www.geosci-model-dev.net/7/2157/2014/ ...
... MEZON (Model for Evaluation of oZONe trends, Egorova et al., 2003). MA-ECHAM5. The middle atmosphere version of ECHAM5 is a spectral GCM based on the primitive equations with temperature, vorticity, divergence, the surface www.geosci-model-dev.net/7/2157/2014/ ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.