Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere–Mixed Layer Ocean Model
... The equilibrium response to various forcing agents, including CO2, solar irradiance, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and volcanic aerosols, is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean model. The experiments are carried out ...
... The equilibrium response to various forcing agents, including CO2, solar irradiance, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and volcanic aerosols, is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean model. The experiments are carried out ...
A vulnerability driven approach to identify adverse climate and land
... These bottom-up approaches are sometimes also termed decision scaling or context-first approaches. They can be used in a wide variety of problems and have proved very useful for decision making when projections of the future are highly uncertain [Moody and Brown, 2013; Kunreuther et al., 2013]. Lempe ...
... These bottom-up approaches are sometimes also termed decision scaling or context-first approaches. They can be used in a wide variety of problems and have proved very useful for decision making when projections of the future are highly uncertain [Moody and Brown, 2013; Kunreuther et al., 2013]. Lempe ...
Global Climate Models and Their Limitations
... At the core of a GCM is an AGCM that dynamically simulates the circulation of the atmosphere, including the many processes that regulate energy transport and exchange by and within the atmospheric flow. The basic atmospheric flow is represented by fundamental equations that link the mass distributio ...
... At the core of a GCM is an AGCM that dynamically simulates the circulation of the atmosphere, including the many processes that regulate energy transport and exchange by and within the atmospheric flow. The basic atmospheric flow is represented by fundamental equations that link the mass distributio ...
Projections of Future Climate Change
... (AGCMs) coupled to non-dynamic slab oceans, run to equilibrium. It has been cited historically to provide a calibration for models used in climate change experiments. The mean and standard deviation of this quantity from seventeen mixed-layer models used in the SAR are +3.8 and +0.8°C, respectively. ...
... (AGCMs) coupled to non-dynamic slab oceans, run to equilibrium. It has been cited historically to provide a calibration for models used in climate change experiments. The mean and standard deviation of this quantity from seventeen mixed-layer models used in the SAR are +3.8 and +0.8°C, respectively. ...
energetics of climate models: net energy
... typically high emissivity), they have a crucial role in modulating the local and global net energy balance. On a planetary scale, large‐scale atmospheric and oceanic motions allow for the reduction of the temperature difference between high and low latitudes in both hemispheres with respect to what ...
... typically high emissivity), they have a crucial role in modulating the local and global net energy balance. On a planetary scale, large‐scale atmospheric and oceanic motions allow for the reduction of the temperature difference between high and low latitudes in both hemispheres with respect to what ...
Chapter 19 Climate Change Effects on Watershed Processes in
... Historical trends1 in air temperature and precipitation provide important context against which future climate projections may be evaluated. Trend results, however, vary with the time period of analysis (i.e., 30, 50, 00 years), and in particular with the starting point of any trend calculation. Cl ...
... Historical trends1 in air temperature and precipitation provide important context against which future climate projections may be evaluated. Trend results, however, vary with the time period of analysis (i.e., 30, 50, 00 years), and in particular with the starting point of any trend calculation. Cl ...
FINAL 2014 2015 Annual Progress Report
... model and parts of the ocean model), in collaboration with GFDL scientists. Note that not all of the modules above involve CICS scientists; rather, CICS complements rather than duplicates GFDL efforts. For example, the dynamical core of the atmospheric model, the Sea-ice model, and many of the physi ...
... model and parts of the ocean model), in collaboration with GFDL scientists. Note that not all of the modules above involve CICS scientists; rather, CICS complements rather than duplicates GFDL efforts. For example, the dynamical core of the atmospheric model, the Sea-ice model, and many of the physi ...
The global hydrological cycle and energy budget under climate
... muted compared to the response in water vapor, which implies that the atmospheric circulation is weaker than in the solar forcing case. This is in line with the finding that the large-scale precipitation increase is weaker in CO2 compared to solar simulations, while there is no forcingdependency of ...
... muted compared to the response in water vapor, which implies that the atmospheric circulation is weaker than in the solar forcing case. This is in line with the finding that the large-scale precipitation increase is weaker in CO2 compared to solar simulations, while there is no forcingdependency of ...
Comparative carbon cycle dynamics of the present and last interglacial
... during glacial cycles (Ciais et al., 2012), no direct proxy exists for the past amount of carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems. However, pollen-based reconstructions of terrestrial vegetation cover reveal changes in plant composition over the Holocene with up to decadal scale precision. During th ...
... during glacial cycles (Ciais et al., 2012), no direct proxy exists for the past amount of carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems. However, pollen-based reconstructions of terrestrial vegetation cover reveal changes in plant composition over the Holocene with up to decadal scale precision. During th ...
Comparative carbon cycle dynamics of the present and last interglacial
... during glacial cycles (Ciais et al., 2012), no direct proxy exists for the past amount of carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems. However, pollen-based reconstructions of terrestrial vegetation cover reveal changes in plant composition over the Holocene with up to decadal scale precision. During th ...
... during glacial cycles (Ciais et al., 2012), no direct proxy exists for the past amount of carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems. However, pollen-based reconstructions of terrestrial vegetation cover reveal changes in plant composition over the Holocene with up to decadal scale precision. During th ...
Why Explore Venus Now - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... parameterization of horizontal and vertical heat fluxes as functions of the large-scale thermal forcing. Some of these theories which are at the core of highly parameterized earth climate models, were originally developed in the context of comparative planetary studies. The point is not that such pa ...
... parameterization of horizontal and vertical heat fluxes as functions of the large-scale thermal forcing. Some of these theories which are at the core of highly parameterized earth climate models, were originally developed in the context of comparative planetary studies. The point is not that such pa ...
Climate Change Detection and Attribution: Beyond Mean
... that are inaccessible in many developing and some developed countries. A U.S. program to rescue long-term data that are not electronically accessible (the U.S. Climate Data Modernization Program) is now working with other countries and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to help fill these g ...
... that are inaccessible in many developing and some developed countries. A U.S. program to rescue long-term data that are not electronically accessible (the U.S. Climate Data Modernization Program) is now working with other countries and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to help fill these g ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part I: Observing
... the climate is the finite distribution over time of the climate variables arising under a certain regime of varying external conditions ( given the initial states). Spelling out in detail what a regime of varying external conditions amounts to is not easy, but a reasonable requirement is that the me ...
... the climate is the finite distribution over time of the climate variables arising under a certain regime of varying external conditions ( given the initial states). Spelling out in detail what a regime of varying external conditions amounts to is not easy, but a reasonable requirement is that the me ...
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
... increases between the control climate and the RCP8.5 scenario in the Southern Ocean region. While disquieting from the perspective of constraining climate uncertainty, this is not inconsistent with the complexity of the processes that take place in mixed-phase clouds. Ice and liquid have very differ ...
... increases between the control climate and the RCP8.5 scenario in the Southern Ocean region. While disquieting from the perspective of constraining climate uncertainty, this is not inconsistent with the complexity of the processes that take place in mixed-phase clouds. Ice and liquid have very differ ...
Summary for Policymakers
... In addition to robust multi-decadal warming, global mean surface temperature exhibits substantial decadal and interannual variability (see Figure SPM.1). Due to natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-ter ...
... In addition to robust multi-decadal warming, global mean surface temperature exhibits substantial decadal and interannual variability (see Figure SPM.1). Due to natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-ter ...
Desert dust and anthropogenic aerosol interactions
... This model has atmospheric, ocean, land and sea ice components, linked together using a coupler. The terrestrial biosphere model is the Community Land Model-Carbon Nitrogen (CLM-CN) model, described in (Thornton et al., 2007, 2009) and evaluated in (Randerson et al., 2009). This model includes N-lim ...
... This model has atmospheric, ocean, land and sea ice components, linked together using a coupler. The terrestrial biosphere model is the Community Land Model-Carbon Nitrogen (CLM-CN) model, described in (Thornton et al., 2007, 2009) and evaluated in (Randerson et al., 2009). This model includes N-lim ...
Impact of anthropogenic absorbing aerosols on clouds and
... on clouds and precipitation through their direct radiative forcing have been revealed recently in often centennial long equilibrium simulations using aerosol-climate models coupled with ocean component (e.g., Wang, 2004, 2007; Chung and Seinfeld, 2005). As a matter of fact, such a topic has become a ...
... on clouds and precipitation through their direct radiative forcing have been revealed recently in often centennial long equilibrium simulations using aerosol-climate models coupled with ocean component (e.g., Wang, 2004, 2007; Chung and Seinfeld, 2005). As a matter of fact, such a topic has become a ...
The Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project
... published in 1990. Over this time the resources available to this area of research have developed considerably. Together with longer and improved observations of the climate system, D&A research builds upon the analysis of simulations of the climate in the presence and absence of various factors whi ...
... published in 1990. Over this time the resources available to this area of research have developed considerably. Together with longer and improved observations of the climate system, D&A research builds upon the analysis of simulations of the climate in the presence and absence of various factors whi ...
Effects of climate on occurrence and size of large - Archipel
... the data for an effect on our dependent variables. Explanatory weather variables The weather variables were computed by first compiling daily total precipitation and maximum temperature data (Apr-Oct, 1959-1999) from meteorological stations across the Great Lakes-St Lawrence region (Fig. 1) from Envi ...
... the data for an effect on our dependent variables. Explanatory weather variables The weather variables were computed by first compiling daily total precipitation and maximum temperature data (Apr-Oct, 1959-1999) from meteorological stations across the Great Lakes-St Lawrence region (Fig. 1) from Envi ...
challenges of hydrological analysis for water resources
... runoff at a daily time scale. BTOPMC was also capable to simulate seasonal discharge with snowpack and snowmelt processes in wet winter and recession of low flows in dry summer, which are indispensable for analyzing multi seasonal dam reservoir use in long-term simulation. Next, data availability fr ...
... runoff at a daily time scale. BTOPMC was also capable to simulate seasonal discharge with snowpack and snowmelt processes in wet winter and recession of low flows in dry summer, which are indispensable for analyzing multi seasonal dam reservoir use in long-term simulation. Next, data availability fr ...
Future wave conditions at the German Baltic Sea Coast on
... paper, a hybrid approach has been established, based on statistical and numerical methods to calculate wave information. The approach uses wind data from numerical climate simulations as input data. In this study the changes in mean wind conditions are applied from the regional climate model (RCM) C ...
... paper, a hybrid approach has been established, based on statistical and numerical methods to calculate wave information. The approach uses wind data from numerical climate simulations as input data. In this study the changes in mean wind conditions are applied from the regional climate model (RCM) C ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.