Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... The vertebrate brain controls a great variety of movements through dedicated networks like those controlling eye movements, expression of emotions, respirations and locomotion. These networks are to a large degree conserved through a vertebrate phylum. The neural mechanisms underlying the control of ...
... The vertebrate brain controls a great variety of movements through dedicated networks like those controlling eye movements, expression of emotions, respirations and locomotion. These networks are to a large degree conserved through a vertebrate phylum. The neural mechanisms underlying the control of ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... fibers of LDTg and PPTg. These nuclei send multiply branched long fibers up the medial forebrain bundle ŽWoolf and Butcher, 1986.. Activation of these fibers by rewarding brain stimulation triggers not only orthodromic action potentials propagating toward the forebrain but also antidromic action pot ...
... fibers of LDTg and PPTg. These nuclei send multiply branched long fibers up the medial forebrain bundle ŽWoolf and Butcher, 1986.. Activation of these fibers by rewarding brain stimulation triggers not only orthodromic action potentials propagating toward the forebrain but also antidromic action pot ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... type of sensory stimulation, almost half (48%) of the recorded neurons remained unresponsive to such stimulation (Tanila et al. 1992). It has been proposed that the neurons in the PFCdl that do not respond to any external stimulation may represent a neuronal population that is engaged in mnemonic pr ...
... type of sensory stimulation, almost half (48%) of the recorded neurons remained unresponsive to such stimulation (Tanila et al. 1992). It has been proposed that the neurons in the PFCdl that do not respond to any external stimulation may represent a neuronal population that is engaged in mnemonic pr ...
Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial
... parietal, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and superior temporal cortex) converge in a general way onto the same volume of caudate, although the predominate pattern is one of segregation or interdigitation of terminal fields as opposed to frank intermixing (Selemon and Goldman-Rakic 1985). Alterna ...
... parietal, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and superior temporal cortex) converge in a general way onto the same volume of caudate, although the predominate pattern is one of segregation or interdigitation of terminal fields as opposed to frank intermixing (Selemon and Goldman-Rakic 1985). Alterna ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the object approached the mouth in the latter part of count period 5 and during count period 6, could have activity that was related to be ...
... testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the object approached the mouth in the latter part of count period 5 and during count period 6, could have activity that was related to be ...
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
... are called the vestibulo-ocular reflex when only vestibular inputs are involved and are called optokinetic eye movements when only visual inputs are involved. Between these extremes there is a broad range within the spectrum of normal head movements where both visual and vestibular signals are used. ...
... are called the vestibulo-ocular reflex when only vestibular inputs are involved and are called optokinetic eye movements when only visual inputs are involved. Between these extremes there is a broad range within the spectrum of normal head movements where both visual and vestibular signals are used. ...
Hippocampal region - NeuronDevelopment.org
... studies by Hjorth-Simonsen (1972) showed that the perforant path is lOpographically organized so that EntL terminates in the superficial third of the lacunosum moleculare layer of CA3 and in the superficial third of the dentate molecular layer throughout both ectal and endallimbs. The EntM terminate ...
... studies by Hjorth-Simonsen (1972) showed that the perforant path is lOpographically organized so that EntL terminates in the superficial third of the lacunosum moleculare layer of CA3 and in the superficial third of the dentate molecular layer throughout both ectal and endallimbs. The EntM terminate ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and expanded until covering the entire screen (77° width, 62° height). It should be noted that this definition is somehow arbitrary, because different properly scaled combinations of sizes, speeds and distances of the object can generate i ...
... subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and expanded until covering the entire screen (77° width, 62° height). It should be noted that this definition is somehow arbitrary, because different properly scaled combinations of sizes, speeds and distances of the object can generate i ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... [7,48,49]. It is thus also interesting to explore whether and how a detuning of typical periodicities affects optimal layouts and whether it can lead to spatially irregular maps. To assess these issues we generalized the field dynamics to describe the coordinated optimization of coupled complex valu ...
... [7,48,49]. It is thus also interesting to explore whether and how a detuning of typical periodicities affects optimal layouts and whether it can lead to spatially irregular maps. To assess these issues we generalized the field dynamics to describe the coordinated optimization of coupled complex valu ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... Abstract Success in a constantly changing environment requires that decision-making strategies be updated as reward contingencies change. How this is accomplished by the nervous system has, until recently, remained a profound mystery. New studies coupling economic theory with neurophysiological tech ...
... Abstract Success in a constantly changing environment requires that decision-making strategies be updated as reward contingencies change. How this is accomplished by the nervous system has, until recently, remained a profound mystery. New studies coupling economic theory with neurophysiological tech ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... c. seratonin d. epinephrine e. insulin ____ 21. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n) a. endorphin. b. EEG. c. synapse. d. lesion. e. MRI. ____ 22. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. ...
... c. seratonin d. epinephrine e. insulin ____ 21. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n) a. endorphin. b. EEG. c. synapse. d. lesion. e. MRI. ____ 22. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. ...
cereb cort
... one of three nodes. Any pattern of inputs can be represented by having zero, one or multiple nodes active. In this particular case the input to the network provides just as good a representation as the output so there is little to be gained. However, this example captures the essence of other, more ...
... one of three nodes. Any pattern of inputs can be represented by having zero, one or multiple nodes active. In this particular case the input to the network provides just as good a representation as the output so there is little to be gained. However, this example captures the essence of other, more ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... studies have blurred the linkage between positive and negative emotional valence in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, and they have revealed a neuronal circuit consisting of glutamatergic interconnections among the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic afferents to al ...
... studies have blurred the linkage between positive and negative emotional valence in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, and they have revealed a neuronal circuit consisting of glutamatergic interconnections among the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic afferents to al ...
The Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice
... studies have blurred the linkage between positive and negative emotional valence in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, and they have revealed a neuronal circuit consisting of glutamatergic interconnections among the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic afferents to al ...
... studies have blurred the linkage between positive and negative emotional valence in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, and they have revealed a neuronal circuit consisting of glutamatergic interconnections among the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic afferents to al ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... Investigations of spatially tuned neuronal activity promise to elucidate the respective roles of afferent organization and local cortical circuitry in the processes underlying regional cortical function. Directionally selective activity has been observed in many areas of the brain, from the visual ( ...
... Investigations of spatially tuned neuronal activity promise to elucidate the respective roles of afferent organization and local cortical circuitry in the processes underlying regional cortical function. Directionally selective activity has been observed in many areas of the brain, from the visual ( ...
The Evolution of Neuron Types and Cortical
... Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain declined. There are three main reasons for this. First, the development of molecular biological techniques caused neuroscientists to focus on a small n ...
... Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain declined. There are three main reasons for this. First, the development of molecular biological techniques caused neuroscientists to focus on a small n ...
Document
... • Brodmann Area 8 is anterior of the premotor cortex. It facilitates eye movements and is involved in visual reflexes as well as pupil dilation and constriction. ...
... • Brodmann Area 8 is anterior of the premotor cortex. It facilitates eye movements and is involved in visual reflexes as well as pupil dilation and constriction. ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction
... other people1,2. Despite its central role in both learning and social cognition, until recently imitation had been studied almost exclusively by social scientists (BOX 1), and our knowledge of the neural mechanisms of imitation was limited. The recent discovery of mirror neurons3 — premotor and pari ...
... other people1,2. Despite its central role in both learning and social cognition, until recently imitation had been studied almost exclusively by social scientists (BOX 1), and our knowledge of the neural mechanisms of imitation was limited. The recent discovery of mirror neurons3 — premotor and pari ...
- Warwick WRAP
... Figure 1 Allometric relationships of the brain and body weights of vertebrate animals on a log-log plot. A. Endothermic animals included 678 mammal species [3,16,22,61] (red open circle), 600 bird species [10] (cyan triangle) and 33 insectivore species [16] (purple cross). Ectothermic animals includ ...
... Figure 1 Allometric relationships of the brain and body weights of vertebrate animals on a log-log plot. A. Endothermic animals included 678 mammal species [3,16,22,61] (red open circle), 600 bird species [10] (cyan triangle) and 33 insectivore species [16] (purple cross). Ectothermic animals includ ...
Carlisi_preprint_revisions2
... disorders with around 5% prevalence worldwide (Polanczyk et al., 2014). ADHD patients have deficits in executive functions (EF) such as inhibition, attention and working memory (Willcutt et al., 2008), underpinned by abnormalities in fronto-striatal, fronto-temporo-parietal and frontocerebellar netw ...
... disorders with around 5% prevalence worldwide (Polanczyk et al., 2014). ADHD patients have deficits in executive functions (EF) such as inhibition, attention and working memory (Willcutt et al., 2008), underpinned by abnormalities in fronto-striatal, fronto-temporo-parietal and frontocerebellar netw ...
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... from the efference copy. When a person performs the motion of walking they are activating their lower body muscles, head movements require the activation of neck muscles and if required, ocular muscles from resulting eye movements. Visual information also contributes to motion detection through move ...
... from the efference copy. When a person performs the motion of walking they are activating their lower body muscles, head movements require the activation of neck muscles and if required, ocular muscles from resulting eye movements. Visual information also contributes to motion detection through move ...
Activities of the Primary and Supplementary Motor Areas Increase in
... 1995). This finding suggests that almost the same areas may play an active role in both the muscle relaxation and contraction. In this paper, we defined “inhibitory motor area” as cortical regions where the spontaneous neuronal activity or the external stimulation gives rise to the termination of on ...
... 1995). This finding suggests that almost the same areas may play an active role in both the muscle relaxation and contraction. In this paper, we defined “inhibitory motor area” as cortical regions where the spontaneous neuronal activity or the external stimulation gives rise to the termination of on ...
Saccadic Eye Movements Modulate Visual Responses in the Lateral
... visual structures respond as they do during constant fixation, the resulting barrage of action potentials could disrupt the information that enters the brain soon after each eye movement. Many mammals make fast eye movements, but saccades reach higher velocities and are more frequent in primates tha ...
... visual structures respond as they do during constant fixation, the resulting barrage of action potentials could disrupt the information that enters the brain soon after each eye movement. Many mammals make fast eye movements, but saccades reach higher velocities and are more frequent in primates tha ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.