Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light
... To achieve full physical coverage of the brain at cellular resolution, we recorded the volume plane by plane in steps of 5 µm with a light sheet 4.25 ± 0.80 µm thick (full width at half maximum, mean ± s.d. across brain volume, n = 81), which is slightly more than half the average diameter of cell b ...
... To achieve full physical coverage of the brain at cellular resolution, we recorded the volume plane by plane in steps of 5 µm with a light sheet 4.25 ± 0.80 µm thick (full width at half maximum, mean ± s.d. across brain volume, n = 81), which is slightly more than half the average diameter of cell b ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... processes and neuropsychiatric pathology, which cannot be modelled in animals. Rather, we must develop ways to indirectly measure neural activity in the human brain using non-invasive techniques. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) constitutes one of the principal tools for recording neural ...
... processes and neuropsychiatric pathology, which cannot be modelled in animals. Rather, we must develop ways to indirectly measure neural activity in the human brain using non-invasive techniques. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) constitutes one of the principal tools for recording neural ...
Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus
... Twin studies have demonstrated that brain structure is under significant genetic influence,7 with cortical thickness showing high heritability in children1,8 and adults.9,10 Differences in heritability are nonetheless notable. First, comparison of estimates of genetic effects in the left and right hem ...
... Twin studies have demonstrated that brain structure is under significant genetic influence,7 with cortical thickness showing high heritability in children1,8 and adults.9,10 Differences in heritability are nonetheless notable. First, comparison of estimates of genetic effects in the left and right hem ...
Mechanisms for generating and compensating for the
... whether similar interactions between cognition and saccades could be found at the level of microsaccades. These results ushered in a new array of queries about the brain mechanisms associated with microsaccades. Thus, the hallmark of the first decade of the twentyfirst century was a renewed interest i ...
... whether similar interactions between cognition and saccades could be found at the level of microsaccades. These results ushered in a new array of queries about the brain mechanisms associated with microsaccades. Thus, the hallmark of the first decade of the twentyfirst century was a renewed interest i ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... same eye, while the arbor of a single parvocellular channel axon spreads across only half an ocular dominance band- about 200 pm (Fig. 1). The physical size of thalamic axon arbors relative to the size of the dendritic arbor of the thalamic recipient neurons in the cortex, and the overlap between th ...
... same eye, while the arbor of a single parvocellular channel axon spreads across only half an ocular dominance band- about 200 pm (Fig. 1). The physical size of thalamic axon arbors relative to the size of the dendritic arbor of the thalamic recipient neurons in the cortex, and the overlap between th ...
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... While autistic individuals appear to have major defects in processing systems underlying many aspects of perception, cognition, executive functions and motor control, they also have abnormally organized mnemonic abilities. It is thought that there are multiple parallel memory pathways that are respo ...
... While autistic individuals appear to have major defects in processing systems underlying many aspects of perception, cognition, executive functions and motor control, they also have abnormally organized mnemonic abilities. It is thought that there are multiple parallel memory pathways that are respo ...
May 30, 04copy.doc
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
... Effects of sensory deprivation on GABAergic cortical circuitry have been widely studied. Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
... knowledge of the assembly, organization, and metabolism of skeletal proteins is essential to understanding the molecular basis of neuronal form and function. While studies of neuronal structural proteins have long been directed at the microtubules, neurofilaments, and actin filaments (Wuerker and Ki ...
Role of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC1325 in membrane
... Ca2+-ATPases showed similar levels when AD-induced rats were treated with L. Plantarum for 30 days; but 60 days treatment showed significantly increased activity levels of ATPases in protective group compared to the normal control and AD model groups. An interesting finding in the present study was ...
... Ca2+-ATPases showed similar levels when AD-induced rats were treated with L. Plantarum for 30 days; but 60 days treatment showed significantly increased activity levels of ATPases in protective group compared to the normal control and AD model groups. An interesting finding in the present study was ...
Mental Imagery in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
... neuro-plasticity following any injury serves the key mechanism behind the recovery of sensory-motor functions. One of the ways of enhancing this reorganization is through the technique of mental imagery. Mental imagery has been studied in various neurological conditions such as stroke and spinal cor ...
... neuro-plasticity following any injury serves the key mechanism behind the recovery of sensory-motor functions. One of the ways of enhancing this reorganization is through the technique of mental imagery. Mental imagery has been studied in various neurological conditions such as stroke and spinal cor ...
cur op e-print version
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... and generation of an associated spatial mental image. As discussed below, this prediction was confirmed. By contrast, the Read condition failed to yield above-baseline MTL activation; this may reflect the limited associative demands of the read task or the presence of phonological encoding computati ...
... and generation of an associated spatial mental image. As discussed below, this prediction was confirmed. By contrast, the Read condition failed to yield above-baseline MTL activation; this may reflect the limited associative demands of the read task or the presence of phonological encoding computati ...
The effect of lithium on the adrenoceptor
... in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The ARs were first classified into α and β subtypes1 and later into α1-ARs and α2-ARs2 and β1-ARs and β2-ARs.3 Norepinephrine (NE) at physiological concentrations primarily bin ...
... in clinical medicine. ARs have been classified into several specific subtypes on the basis of pharmacological distinctions. The ARs were first classified into α and β subtypes1 and later into α1-ARs and α2-ARs2 and β1-ARs and β2-ARs.3 Norepinephrine (NE) at physiological concentrations primarily bin ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... channel contributions in the extrastriate cortex. For example, physiological studies have shown that some intermixing occurs as early as the striate cortex (Malpeli et al., 198 1). Anatomical connections between visual areas in the 2 different streams of processing also suggest that appreciable inte ...
... channel contributions in the extrastriate cortex. For example, physiological studies have shown that some intermixing occurs as early as the striate cortex (Malpeli et al., 198 1). Anatomical connections between visual areas in the 2 different streams of processing also suggest that appreciable inte ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... parieto-frontal circuits. These circuits work in parallel and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to d ...
... parieto-frontal circuits. These circuits work in parallel and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to d ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
Planning and problem solving: from neuropsychology to
... the individual dishes. Subsequently, such disabilites have usually been accounted for in terms of deficits in the cognitive processes involved in planning, although rather few studies have addressed this issue directly. An early investigation by Porteus & Kepner (1944) established that, following pre ...
... the individual dishes. Subsequently, such disabilites have usually been accounted for in terms of deficits in the cognitive processes involved in planning, although rather few studies have addressed this issue directly. An early investigation by Porteus & Kepner (1944) established that, following pre ...
Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
... into the dorsal and ventral visual streams, respectively, these functionally distinct visual streams represent an integrated signal from the two LGN pathways that encode object localization (dorsal) and object recognition (ventral). The most prominent symptoms of schizophrenia are thought disorder, ...
... into the dorsal and ventral visual streams, respectively, these functionally distinct visual streams represent an integrated signal from the two LGN pathways that encode object localization (dorsal) and object recognition (ventral). The most prominent symptoms of schizophrenia are thought disorder, ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... motion of stimuli in these two regions. Using expanding drifting gratings as the stimulus, and defining the size of the RF center as the neuron’s hsRF, center–surround interactions are usually reported to be suppressive for center and surround stimuli of similar orientation and direction, whereas the ...
... motion of stimuli in these two regions. Using expanding drifting gratings as the stimulus, and defining the size of the RF center as the neuron’s hsRF, center–surround interactions are usually reported to be suppressive for center and surround stimuli of similar orientation and direction, whereas the ...
Motor pathway injury in patients with
... Periventricular leucomalacia has long been investigated as a leading cause of motor and cognitive impairment in subjects who were born prematurely with a low birth weight or very low birth weight. The main neuropathological feature is a focal or diffuse necrosis of cerebral white matter with loss of ...
... Periventricular leucomalacia has long been investigated as a leading cause of motor and cognitive impairment in subjects who were born prematurely with a low birth weight or very low birth weight. The main neuropathological feature is a focal or diffuse necrosis of cerebral white matter with loss of ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... sensitive, resulting in “false alarms” or pain experiences that do not, in fact, signal danger. Many chronic pain disorders are characterized by oversensitivity to sensory input (i.e. allodynia or hyperalgesia). Thus, understanding the biological mechanisms of the transition from innocuous to painfu ...
... sensitive, resulting in “false alarms” or pain experiences that do not, in fact, signal danger. Many chronic pain disorders are characterized by oversensitivity to sensory input (i.e. allodynia or hyperalgesia). Thus, understanding the biological mechanisms of the transition from innocuous to painfu ...
Ventromedial Thalamic Neurons Convey Nociceptive Signals from
... and Villanueva, 1998), stimulation in this area (negative square wave pulses of 0.2 msec duration) was performed initially with two silver ball electrodes. In a later series, cortical stimulation was performed using a pair of aligned monopolar electrodes (exposed tip: 120 mm in diameter, 150 mm in l ...
... and Villanueva, 1998), stimulation in this area (negative square wave pulses of 0.2 msec duration) was performed initially with two silver ball electrodes. In a later series, cortical stimulation was performed using a pair of aligned monopolar electrodes (exposed tip: 120 mm in diameter, 150 mm in l ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... computational properties of turtle primary visual cortex are more similar in essence to those of high-order cortices (e.g. parahippocampal, retrosplenial or infero-temporal), and that the true response properties of DCx neurons have yet to be discovered. Until recently, functional experiments in PCx ...
... computational properties of turtle primary visual cortex are more similar in essence to those of high-order cortices (e.g. parahippocampal, retrosplenial or infero-temporal), and that the true response properties of DCx neurons have yet to be discovered. Until recently, functional experiments in PCx ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... radialis, brachialis, and brachioradials were monitored, many bilaterally, and they also showed no consistent transient or sustained relationship with the ready signal. EMG activity was synchronized with movement; the earliest muscles were activated 20 to 80 msec before movement onset. The onset tim ...
... radialis, brachialis, and brachioradials were monitored, many bilaterally, and they also showed no consistent transient or sustained relationship with the ready signal. EMG activity was synchronized with movement; the earliest muscles were activated 20 to 80 msec before movement onset. The onset tim ...
Selective amplification of the S
... spatially narrow band stimulus at a relatively low spatial frequency was used to avoid artifacts generated by chromatic aberration in the chromatic stimuli (Bradley et al., 1992; Cottaris, 2003), and spatial frequency was not varied experimentally due to this constraint. Radial ring (1-d in polar co ...
... spatially narrow band stimulus at a relatively low spatial frequency was used to avoid artifacts generated by chromatic aberration in the chromatic stimuli (Bradley et al., 1992; Cottaris, 2003), and spatial frequency was not varied experimentally due to this constraint. Radial ring (1-d in polar co ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.