Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... accord well with the characteristic anatomy of these systems (widely distributed projections throughout the forebrain), and it is easy to understand how disturbances in such basic and pervasive functions would have profound disruptive effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior such as those associa ...
... accord well with the characteristic anatomy of these systems (widely distributed projections throughout the forebrain), and it is easy to understand how disturbances in such basic and pervasive functions would have profound disruptive effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior such as those associa ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... On the basis of learning and game theories, we can conceptualise how individual neurons can process rewards for maximal use by using behavioural tasks that are commonly employed by experimenters for investigating specific brain structures and behavioural processes, such as delayed response tasks for ...
... On the basis of learning and game theories, we can conceptualise how individual neurons can process rewards for maximal use by using behavioural tasks that are commonly employed by experimenters for investigating specific brain structures and behavioural processes, such as delayed response tasks for ...
Localization of Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporter (GLYT2
... (most rostral staining pattern in B-F) and zona incerta (ZI ; G and H) . The area of basal (B), entopeduncular nucleus (EP ; H) is indicated, and the arrows show complex GLYT2 immunoreactivity patterns in ventral posterior thalamus (B-F) . ...
... (most rostral staining pattern in B-F) and zona incerta (ZI ; G and H) . The area of basal (B), entopeduncular nucleus (EP ; H) is indicated, and the arrows show complex GLYT2 immunoreactivity patterns in ventral posterior thalamus (B-F) . ...
The Neural Bases of Cognitive Conflict and Control in Moral Judgment
... to possess a domain-general capacity for sophisticated abstract reasoning, and it would be surprising as well if this capacity played no role in human moral judgment. Thus, we sought evidence in support of the hypothesis that moral judgment in response to violations familiar to our primate ancestors ...
... to possess a domain-general capacity for sophisticated abstract reasoning, and it would be surprising as well if this capacity played no role in human moral judgment. Thus, we sought evidence in support of the hypothesis that moral judgment in response to violations familiar to our primate ancestors ...
Temporal Plasticity Involved in Recovery from Manual Dexterity
... Lesion induction. An artificial lesion was induced in the hand digit area of M1 by using the same procedure as that used in our previous study (Murata et al., 2008). Topographic motor maps of M1 and PMv were constructed by using ICMS. Under sterile conditions and pentobarbital anesthesia (25 mg/kg), ...
... Lesion induction. An artificial lesion was induced in the hand digit area of M1 by using the same procedure as that used in our previous study (Murata et al., 2008). Topographic motor maps of M1 and PMv were constructed by using ICMS. Under sterile conditions and pentobarbital anesthesia (25 mg/kg), ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... The differences in the pattern of connections between dorsal and ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventra ...
... The differences in the pattern of connections between dorsal and ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventra ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... sensory neurons. For neurons of the visual cortex, it occurs when a visual stimulus extends beyond a neuron's classical receptive field, reducing the neuron's firing rate. While several studies have been attributing the suppression effect on horizontal, long-range lateral or feedback connections, th ...
... sensory neurons. For neurons of the visual cortex, it occurs when a visual stimulus extends beyond a neuron's classical receptive field, reducing the neuron's firing rate. While several studies have been attributing the suppression effect on horizontal, long-range lateral or feedback connections, th ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
... mapsat three levels of cortical processing in the somatosensorycortex, and for changes that cannot be easily attributed to the relay of subcortical reorganizations. To date, the bulk of the evidence for plasticity in maps stems from experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory a ...
... mapsat three levels of cortical processing in the somatosensorycortex, and for changes that cannot be easily attributed to the relay of subcortical reorganizations. To date, the bulk of the evidence for plasticity in maps stems from experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory a ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... Summary In this study we have quantified the ‘‘epileptogenicity’’ of several brain regions in seizures originating in the posterior parietal cortex in 17 patients investigated by intracerebral recordings using stereotactic EEG (SEEG). Epileptogenicity of brain structures was quantified according to th ...
... Summary In this study we have quantified the ‘‘epileptogenicity’’ of several brain regions in seizures originating in the posterior parietal cortex in 17 patients investigated by intracerebral recordings using stereotactic EEG (SEEG). Epileptogenicity of brain structures was quantified according to th ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
... very closely related to basic neural mechanisms such as habituation and sensitization. Successful learning about foraging is characterized by the ability to give up on unsuccessful foraging decisions. Although the depth of this relation is unclear, it is very likely to involve understanding the evol ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are guided to the peak of the map. We believe that the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of posterior parietal cortex acts as such a map in which features or locations are represented by levels of activity related to the attentional priority at that ...
... map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are guided to the peak of the map. We believe that the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of posterior parietal cortex acts as such a map in which features or locations are represented by levels of activity related to the attentional priority at that ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... true extent of the cortical lesion; nearly every hemidecortication referred to above was accompanied by damage to subcortical structures and it is conceivable that subcortical strvctures might be comprised even with less extensive lesions of the cortex. Walker’“” noted that, even when the lesions ar ...
... true extent of the cortical lesion; nearly every hemidecortication referred to above was accompanied by damage to subcortical structures and it is conceivable that subcortical strvctures might be comprised even with less extensive lesions of the cortex. Walker’“” noted that, even when the lesions ar ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... states? One influential schema for characterizing emotion posits that emotions can vary along two axes: valence (pleasant versus unpleasant or positive versus negative) and intensity (or arousal) (Lang et al. 1990, Russell 1980). These two variables can simply be conceived as components of the curren ...
... states? One influential schema for characterizing emotion posits that emotions can vary along two axes: valence (pleasant versus unpleasant or positive versus negative) and intensity (or arousal) (Lang et al. 1990, Russell 1980). These two variables can simply be conceived as components of the curren ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... As noted above, the primary subcortical visual input to the Pul originates from the pretectal nuclear complex. Following the nomenclature introduced by Guillery et al. (1980), we regard the narrow band of retinal terminations shown by several authors (see, for example, Itoh et al. 1979; Leventhal et ...
... As noted above, the primary subcortical visual input to the Pul originates from the pretectal nuclear complex. Following the nomenclature introduced by Guillery et al. (1980), we regard the narrow band of retinal terminations shown by several authors (see, for example, Itoh et al. 1979; Leventhal et ...
Paraneoplastic Antigen-Like 5 Gene (PNMA5) Is
... pathway, the expression gradually increased in the excitatory neurons from the primary to higher visual areas. This differential expression pattern was very similar to that of retinol-binding protein (RBP) mRNA, another association-area-enriched gene that we reported previously. Additional expressio ...
... pathway, the expression gradually increased in the excitatory neurons from the primary to higher visual areas. This differential expression pattern was very similar to that of retinol-binding protein (RBP) mRNA, another association-area-enriched gene that we reported previously. Additional expressio ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... formulation is entirely adequate for the role computationalism plays in science. Scientists who carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some ...
... formulation is entirely adequate for the role computationalism plays in science. Scientists who carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some ...
Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic
... an observation box, and their behavior was monitored. Only rats that demonstrated robust behavioral seizures were included in the present study. These animals were then studied with MR imaging and neuroanatomic methods and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after pilocarpine-induced seizures. MR Imaging R ...
... an observation box, and their behavior was monitored. Only rats that demonstrated robust behavioral seizures were included in the present study. These animals were then studied with MR imaging and neuroanatomic methods and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after pilocarpine-induced seizures. MR Imaging R ...
see clearly method
... There is abundant evidence for the general proposal that exercises, repetition, practice and learning lead to better performance, to the acquisition of skill. Many ocular conditions exemplify this law. The achievements obtained by the clumsy practices which have been developed should stimulate ophth ...
... There is abundant evidence for the general proposal that exercises, repetition, practice and learning lead to better performance, to the acquisition of skill. Many ocular conditions exemplify this law. The achievements obtained by the clumsy practices which have been developed should stimulate ophth ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... differs from distributed coding schemes. Although the hypothesis that a model (or brain) codes information in a localist manner might at first appear to be a straightforward claim that is easy to assess (and reject), there is in fact a great deal of confusion and disagreement about what a grandmothe ...
... differs from distributed coding schemes. Although the hypothesis that a model (or brain) codes information in a localist manner might at first appear to be a straightforward claim that is easy to assess (and reject), there is in fact a great deal of confusion and disagreement about what a grandmothe ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... wire with impedances between 1 and 3 M⍀ (measured at 1 kHz). The stainless-steel chamber was used as the reference. Signals were amplified, filtered (1–5000 Hz), and acquired at a 20.2 kHz sampling rate. Electrodes were lowered until multiunit cortical responses could be driven by auditory stimuli. ...
... wire with impedances between 1 and 3 M⍀ (measured at 1 kHz). The stainless-steel chamber was used as the reference. Signals were amplified, filtered (1–5000 Hz), and acquired at a 20.2 kHz sampling rate. Electrodes were lowered until multiunit cortical responses could be driven by auditory stimuli. ...
Knockdown of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene
... Address correspondence to Tracy M. Centanni, 800 W Campbell Rd, GR 4.1, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Email: [email protected] ...
... Address correspondence to Tracy M. Centanni, 800 W Campbell Rd, GR 4.1, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. Email: [email protected] ...
Thomas A. Woolsey
... The human nervous system is complex and sophisticated. It is the most remarkable system in biology. A major challenge for neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and, indeed, for civilization is to understand the nervous system at the same fundamental levels at which we now understand other organ system ...
... The human nervous system is complex and sophisticated. It is the most remarkable system in biology. A major challenge for neuroscience, psychology, medicine, and, indeed, for civilization is to understand the nervous system at the same fundamental levels at which we now understand other organ system ...
Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network
... mentioned below to the motor-related and motor-imagery areas reported in Hanakawa et al.’s (2008) study. Notably, from the methodological point of view, this study focused on the functional reorganization on the basis of the changes in topological patterns of coordinated networks, while many previou ...
... mentioned below to the motor-related and motor-imagery areas reported in Hanakawa et al.’s (2008) study. Notably, from the methodological point of view, this study focused on the functional reorganization on the basis of the changes in topological patterns of coordinated networks, while many previou ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.