From the Eye to the Brain: Development of the Drosophila
... M6 referred to as “distal medulla” that receives these external inputs (Fischbach & Dittrich, 1989; Morante & Desplan, 2008; Takemura, Lu, & Meinertzhagen, 2008). The “proximal medulla” (layers M7–M10) receives information from the distal medulla and further computes visual information. The medulla ...
... M6 referred to as “distal medulla” that receives these external inputs (Fischbach & Dittrich, 1989; Morante & Desplan, 2008; Takemura, Lu, & Meinertzhagen, 2008). The “proximal medulla” (layers M7–M10) receives information from the distal medulla and further computes visual information. The medulla ...
Basal Forebrain Projections to Somatosensory Cortex in
... region of the basal forebrain. Second, excitotoxin lesions of the globus pallidus severely deplete somatosensory cortex of AChE-positive axons. Third, Tremblay et al. (1990a,b) find that electrical stimulation of this region of the basal forebrain evokes responses in cortical area 3b that can be blo ...
... region of the basal forebrain. Second, excitotoxin lesions of the globus pallidus severely deplete somatosensory cortex of AChE-positive axons. Third, Tremblay et al. (1990a,b) find that electrical stimulation of this region of the basal forebrain evokes responses in cortical area 3b that can be blo ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
... Andersen, 1987; Goldman-Rakic, 19871, mainly via the parahippocampal cortices (PH) (Jones and Powell, 1970; Van Hoesen, 1982; Amaral, 1987; Tranel et al., 1988). Recent results indicate that the HF, and the system to which it belongs, are essential for acquisition, relation, combination, and conjunc ...
... Andersen, 1987; Goldman-Rakic, 19871, mainly via the parahippocampal cortices (PH) (Jones and Powell, 1970; Van Hoesen, 1982; Amaral, 1987; Tranel et al., 1988). Recent results indicate that the HF, and the system to which it belongs, are essential for acquisition, relation, combination, and conjunc ...
chapter one
... implementation is still possible with other network structures which utilize different summing functions as well as different transfer functions. Some applications require "black and white," or binary, answers. These applications include the recognition of text, the identification of speech, and the ...
... implementation is still possible with other network structures which utilize different summing functions as well as different transfer functions. Some applications require "black and white," or binary, answers. These applications include the recognition of text, the identification of speech, and the ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... between visual and auditory spatial sensitivity are small, but at the population level they are consistent. Figure 5A compares the Gaussian vs. sigmoidal R2s, depending on whether the target was visual or auditory, for all the responsive neurons. For visual targets, the R2 of the Gaussian fits is fr ...
... between visual and auditory spatial sensitivity are small, but at the population level they are consistent. Figure 5A compares the Gaussian vs. sigmoidal R2s, depending on whether the target was visual or auditory, for all the responsive neurons. For visual targets, the R2 of the Gaussian fits is fr ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... Hopkins University vivarium until they were 24 months old. For euthanasia, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused transcardially with sterile saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). After 24 hours of postfixation at 4 C, brains were moved into 10% glycerol ...
... Hopkins University vivarium until they were 24 months old. For euthanasia, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused transcardially with sterile saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). After 24 hours of postfixation at 4 C, brains were moved into 10% glycerol ...
Nutrition in Brain Development and Aging: Role of Essential Fatty
... more subtle effects of the n-3 fatty acids in terms of skin changes, a poor response to linoleic acid supplementation, abnormal visual function, and peripheral neuropathy were only discovered later. Both n-3 and n-6 LCPs play important roles in neuronal growth, development of synaptic processing of ...
... more subtle effects of the n-3 fatty acids in terms of skin changes, a poor response to linoleic acid supplementation, abnormal visual function, and peripheral neuropathy were only discovered later. Both n-3 and n-6 LCPs play important roles in neuronal growth, development of synaptic processing of ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... meaningful anatomical and functional data. We therefore undertook a multitiered approach, using functional and anatomical imaging, microelectrode recordings, and histological staining (Andermann et al., 2013). Histological evaluation with staining for hematoxylyn and eosin (H&E), Nissl, and DAPI ind ...
... meaningful anatomical and functional data. We therefore undertook a multitiered approach, using functional and anatomical imaging, microelectrode recordings, and histological staining (Andermann et al., 2013). Histological evaluation with staining for hematoxylyn and eosin (H&E), Nissl, and DAPI ind ...
PDF - Center for Neural Science
... in a wide range of executive functions (Fuster, 2008; Miller & Cohen, 2001) begs the question: what are the key properties that enable the PFC to subserve cognitive processes, in contrast to primary sensory or motor systems? The answer, in part, lies in its privileged position in the brain network ( ...
... in a wide range of executive functions (Fuster, 2008; Miller & Cohen, 2001) begs the question: what are the key properties that enable the PFC to subserve cognitive processes, in contrast to primary sensory or motor systems? The answer, in part, lies in its privileged position in the brain network ( ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... The analysis works in the following way. Imagine that we have a disordered collection of boxes, some of which are connected by pieces of elastic. One way to uncover the connectional organization of the boxes is to rearrange the boxes according to two rules. First, all the pieces of elastic should be ...
... The analysis works in the following way. Imagine that we have a disordered collection of boxes, some of which are connected by pieces of elastic. One way to uncover the connectional organization of the boxes is to rearrange the boxes according to two rules. First, all the pieces of elastic should be ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... The neurophysiologic basis of several aspects of human consciousness has been explored using functional brain imaging techniques. For example, the brain regional mediation of some processes underlying perceptual awareness have studied in hallucinations as a model of inner brain activation [4]; subje ...
... The neurophysiologic basis of several aspects of human consciousness has been explored using functional brain imaging techniques. For example, the brain regional mediation of some processes underlying perceptual awareness have studied in hallucinations as a model of inner brain activation [4]; subje ...
Biological Cybernetics
... of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of curve 1, where all receptive fields are assumed to have the same size. These findings suggest that the large receptive field neurons that are found in urodeles as w ...
... of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of curve 1, where all receptive fields are assumed to have the same size. These findings suggest that the large receptive field neurons that are found in urodeles as w ...
Connectionist AI, symbolic AI, and the brain
... and a connection strength for each of the links. Typically both kinds of variables are continuous. The rules that define these systems are activation passing rules and connection strength modification rules. These are differential equatians (although they are simulated with finite difference equatio ...
... and a connection strength for each of the links. Typically both kinds of variables are continuous. The rules that define these systems are activation passing rules and connection strength modification rules. These are differential equatians (although they are simulated with finite difference equatio ...
Frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
... atrophy or ventricular dilation, which may have affected the stereotactic normalization of the PET scans (see below). MRI images were acquired using a Picker 1.0 Tesla HPQ Vista MRI system. The scans consisted of a T r weighted 3D RF spoiled scan (TR = 21, TE = 6, flip angle 35%). The CT scans consi ...
... atrophy or ventricular dilation, which may have affected the stereotactic normalization of the PET scans (see below). MRI images were acquired using a Picker 1.0 Tesla HPQ Vista MRI system. The scans consisted of a T r weighted 3D RF spoiled scan (TR = 21, TE = 6, flip angle 35%). The CT scans consi ...
Increased taste intensity perception exhibited by
... al., 1999). For example, Mak and colleagues (Mak et al., 2005) describe increased taste and smell sensitivity in a patient with a unilateral insular lesion. Similarly, patients with unilateral resection from the anteromedial lobe, including the amygdala, have been shown to lead to elevated ratings o ...
... al., 1999). For example, Mak and colleagues (Mak et al., 2005) describe increased taste and smell sensitivity in a patient with a unilateral insular lesion. Similarly, patients with unilateral resection from the anteromedial lobe, including the amygdala, have been shown to lead to elevated ratings o ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... storage process have shown that the memory capacity of a realistic cortical network can be greatly enhanced if cholinergic modulation blocks transmission at synaptic connections of the association fibers during the learning process. We here present experimental data from an olfactory cortex brain sli ...
... storage process have shown that the memory capacity of a realistic cortical network can be greatly enhanced if cholinergic modulation blocks transmission at synaptic connections of the association fibers during the learning process. We here present experimental data from an olfactory cortex brain sli ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons everywhere) in the space (see RESULTS for details). The present study notes ...
... visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons everywhere) in the space (see RESULTS for details). The present study notes ...
How the body controls brain temperature: the temperature shielding
... Major mechanisms responsible for body temperature regulation in mammals are well known (see, for example, Ref. 28). In our experiments, the body temperature was kept constant by circulating warm water as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. Blood flow acts as a heat exchanger with pipes (blood vessel ...
... Major mechanisms responsible for body temperature regulation in mammals are well known (see, for example, Ref. 28). In our experiments, the body temperature was kept constant by circulating warm water as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. Blood flow acts as a heat exchanger with pipes (blood vessel ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc.. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide the flow of neural act ...
... signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc.. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide the flow of neural act ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discriminating whether a retrieval cue is eliciting a memory of a face or an object when both types of content are associated with it, even whe ...
... visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discriminating whether a retrieval cue is eliciting a memory of a face or an object when both types of content are associated with it, even whe ...
Emergence of new signal-primitives in neural systems
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
Link
... fields (SEF), parietal cortex, and thalamic structures [1,3–8]. Several decades of animal research on the SC have provided a great body of knowledge about the contribution of this subcortical brain structure to the control of eye movements and to the orienting of attention [2,9–18]. The superficial ...
... fields (SEF), parietal cortex, and thalamic structures [1,3–8]. Several decades of animal research on the SC have provided a great body of knowledge about the contribution of this subcortical brain structure to the control of eye movements and to the orienting of attention [2,9–18]. The superficial ...
Alcoholism - Boston University Medical Campus
... recently has been used for analyzing brain white matter integrity in alcoholics (Pfefferbaum and Sullivan, 2002; Sullivan and Pfefferbaum, 2003). By utilizing the principles of water diffusion and Brownian motion to determine the direction and magnitude of molecular water freedom and binding in tiss ...
... recently has been used for analyzing brain white matter integrity in alcoholics (Pfefferbaum and Sullivan, 2002; Sullivan and Pfefferbaum, 2003). By utilizing the principles of water diffusion and Brownian motion to determine the direction and magnitude of molecular water freedom and binding in tiss ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... investigated with electrophysiology in macaque and imaging and lesions studies in the human brain. AIP neurons are active when monkeys move the hand or see graspable objects (Sakata and others 1997), and on the basis of lesion and neuroimaging data, it has been argued that a similar functional regio ...
... investigated with electrophysiology in macaque and imaging and lesions studies in the human brain. AIP neurons are active when monkeys move the hand or see graspable objects (Sakata and others 1997), and on the basis of lesion and neuroimaging data, it has been argued that a similar functional regio ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.