Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... plasticity. When stimuli are familiar, the animal may draw on the memory maintained in either region to make its decision in the DNMS task. In contrast, for novel stimuli, a synaptic representation in the PFC does not exist, and we propose that maintenance then depends exclusively on sustained spiki ...
... plasticity. When stimuli are familiar, the animal may draw on the memory maintained in either region to make its decision in the DNMS task. In contrast, for novel stimuli, a synaptic representation in the PFC does not exist, and we propose that maintenance then depends exclusively on sustained spiki ...
Neural Effects of Positive and Negative Incentives during
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... Similar to the olfactory system, taste depends on the specific recognition of different flavors by specific cells in the tongue. We Westerners recognize 4 stimuli (salt, acid, sweet, and bitter), while Asians can add Umami (savory or meatlike) to these. Unlike the olfactory cells, taste does not get ...
... Similar to the olfactory system, taste depends on the specific recognition of different flavors by specific cells in the tongue. We Westerners recognize 4 stimuli (salt, acid, sweet, and bitter), while Asians can add Umami (savory or meatlike) to these. Unlike the olfactory cells, taste does not get ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... engaged in a given task, and the extent to which these different processes are disambiguated from each other in the experimental design and analysis, could contribute to discrepancies in reported results between studies. In support of the this possibility, in the Kim et al.24 study, it was found tha ...
... engaged in a given task, and the extent to which these different processes are disambiguated from each other in the experimental design and analysis, could contribute to discrepancies in reported results between studies. In support of the this possibility, in the Kim et al.24 study, it was found tha ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
... responding to a pattern of excitation without limited specialized paths of conduction? The problem is almost universal in the activities of the nervous system" (1942, p. 306). Wolfgang Köhler wrote: “"Our present knowledge of human perception leaves no doubt as to the general form of any theory whic ...
... responding to a pattern of excitation without limited specialized paths of conduction? The problem is almost universal in the activities of the nervous system" (1942, p. 306). Wolfgang Köhler wrote: “"Our present knowledge of human perception leaves no doubt as to the general form of any theory whic ...
Winstanley et al. - Rudolf Cardinal
... Behavioral testing. The behavioral apparatus and testing procedure have been described previously in detail (Cardinal et al., 2000). Testing occurred in eight operant conditioning chambers (Med Associates, Georgia, VT) fitted with two retractable levers located on either side of a food magazine, int ...
... Behavioral testing. The behavioral apparatus and testing procedure have been described previously in detail (Cardinal et al., 2000). Testing occurred in eight operant conditioning chambers (Med Associates, Georgia, VT) fitted with two retractable levers located on either side of a food magazine, int ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recording multi- and single units in the IPL convexity of two monkeys and characterizing their somatosensory, visual and motor responses, usin ...
... more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recording multi- and single units in the IPL convexity of two monkeys and characterizing their somatosensory, visual and motor responses, usin ...
Basilar artery aneurysm with autonomic features: an interesting
... artery aneurysm causing headache combined with symptoms indicating autonomic dysfunction, features usually associated with stimulation of trigeminally innervated structures. This may be considered a secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalgia. Basilar aneurysms have not previously been reported to be a ...
... artery aneurysm causing headache combined with symptoms indicating autonomic dysfunction, features usually associated with stimulation of trigeminally innervated structures. This may be considered a secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalgia. Basilar aneurysms have not previously been reported to be a ...
Altered neural reward and loss processing and
... and physical punishment may be processed differently, and neural responses to monetary losses may be considered to reflect neural reward rather than punishment processing. In appetitive and aversive associative learning, the prediction error (PE) is an index that brings the anticipation and receipt ...
... and physical punishment may be processed differently, and neural responses to monetary losses may be considered to reflect neural reward rather than punishment processing. In appetitive and aversive associative learning, the prediction error (PE) is an index that brings the anticipation and receipt ...
The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up
... exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human species lies in its large EQ. For one, it is not obvious how largerthan- ...
... exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human species lies in its large EQ. For one, it is not obvious how largerthan- ...
Alpha-beta and Gamma Rhythms Subserve Feedback and
... Non-human primate visual cortical areas are organized in a hierarchy with characteristic laminar patterns of feedforward and feedback projections (Barone et al., 2000; Felleman and Essen, 1991; Markov et al., 2014). Feedforward projections typically target layer 4. They originate predominantly from ...
... Non-human primate visual cortical areas are organized in a hierarchy with characteristic laminar patterns of feedforward and feedback projections (Barone et al., 2000; Felleman and Essen, 1991; Markov et al., 2014). Feedforward projections typically target layer 4. They originate predominantly from ...
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception SW
... information is critical to our survival, there is so much information available at any given time that we would be overwhelmed if we were forced to attend to all of it. In fact, we are aware of only a fraction of the sensory information taken in by our sensory systems at any given time. This chapter ...
... information is critical to our survival, there is so much information available at any given time that we would be overwhelmed if we were forced to attend to all of it. In fact, we are aware of only a fraction of the sensory information taken in by our sensory systems at any given time. This chapter ...
FREE Sample Here
... 2.Provide an overview of Jean Piaget’s six substages of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. ANS: The sensorimotor stage of cognitive development occurs from birth to about age two. Piaget ...
... 2.Provide an overview of Jean Piaget’s six substages of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. ANS: The sensorimotor stage of cognitive development occurs from birth to about age two. Piaget ...
How Neuroscience Predicts The Spontaneous Remission Of Addiction
... are drug users or not. Likewise the threat of taking away something which an individual values will cause most individuals to lie, as will the threat of pain, regardless of whether that individual uses drugs or not. Miller and White (2007) tell us: "There never has been a scientific basis for believ ...
... are drug users or not. Likewise the threat of taking away something which an individual values will cause most individuals to lie, as will the threat of pain, regardless of whether that individual uses drugs or not. Miller and White (2007) tell us: "There never has been a scientific basis for believ ...
Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural Networks
... because the objective of the former is to obtain computationally efficient learners, that generalize well to new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for futur ...
... because the objective of the former is to obtain computationally efficient learners, that generalize well to new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for futur ...
Communication as an emergent metaphor for neuronal operation
... as models of cognition capable of explaining both higher level mental processes [5] and low level information processing in the brain [6]. However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational model captures all the important characteristics of real biological neurons with resp ...
... as models of cognition capable of explaining both higher level mental processes [5] and low level information processing in the brain [6]. However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational model captures all the important characteristics of real biological neurons with resp ...
The Neurocircuitry of Impaired Insight in Drug Addiction
... I am not using my left hand, not because it is paralyzed but because someone is preventing me from using it). In the current opinion article, we argue that as a cognitive disorder5, drug addiction may share with these neuropsychiatric disorders similar abnormalities in self-awareness and behavioral ...
... I am not using my left hand, not because it is paralyzed but because someone is preventing me from using it). In the current opinion article, we argue that as a cognitive disorder5, drug addiction may share with these neuropsychiatric disorders similar abnormalities in self-awareness and behavioral ...
The Distribution of Chandelier Cell Axon Terminals that Express the
... Thus, in contrast to interneurons that target membrane compartments of dendrites and somata, chandelier cells have traditionally been presumed to exert a strong influence on the output of pyramidal cells (Miles et al. 1996; DeFelipe 1999). Ch-terminals are found in different cortical areas and specie ...
... Thus, in contrast to interneurons that target membrane compartments of dendrites and somata, chandelier cells have traditionally been presumed to exert a strong influence on the output of pyramidal cells (Miles et al. 1996; DeFelipe 1999). Ch-terminals are found in different cortical areas and specie ...
Preview Sample 2
... • The process of lateralization results in a division of functions between the cerebral hemispheres. • In most people (right-handed more than left) the left hemisphere handles most of the language functions, including speaking, writing, reading, speech comprehension, and comprehension of the logic o ...
... • The process of lateralization results in a division of functions between the cerebral hemispheres. • In most people (right-handed more than left) the left hemisphere handles most of the language functions, including speaking, writing, reading, speech comprehension, and comprehension of the logic o ...
PDF
... mediate positive reward processing (Commons, 2010). Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in posi ...
... mediate positive reward processing (Commons, 2010). Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in posi ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... In states with complete unconsciousness, such as general anesthesia or coma, the brain is no longer able to process and evaluate any information. Alkire and Miller (2005), in a review on general anesthesia and its neural correlates, identified the thalamus as a key target of anesthetic effects. A co ...
... In states with complete unconsciousness, such as general anesthesia or coma, the brain is no longer able to process and evaluate any information. Alkire and Miller (2005), in a review on general anesthesia and its neural correlates, identified the thalamus as a key target of anesthetic effects. A co ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
... The methods used for fMRI analysis have been described elsewhere in detail (14, 27). Following motion correction, the experimental design was convolved with two Poisson functions representing hemodynamic delays of 4 and 8 seconds, and the best fit (least-squares) to the weighted sum of these two con ...
... The methods used for fMRI analysis have been described elsewhere in detail (14, 27). Following motion correction, the experimental design was convolved with two Poisson functions representing hemodynamic delays of 4 and 8 seconds, and the best fit (least-squares) to the weighted sum of these two con ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... stimulation of fibers in the perforant pathway resulted in field EPSPs (fEPSP) recorded in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rabbits. When brief, high frequency burst stimulation was applied to the perforant pathway, the response to subsequent single stimulation pulses became enhanced, an effect tha ...
... stimulation of fibers in the perforant pathway resulted in field EPSPs (fEPSP) recorded in the dentate gyrus of anesthetized rabbits. When brief, high frequency burst stimulation was applied to the perforant pathway, the response to subsequent single stimulation pulses became enhanced, an effect tha ...
Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... The contribution of sensory inputs to the function of a central target has traditionally been investigated through deprivation or lesion experiments in which central sensory structures are temporarily or permanently deprived of their inputs1–8. In these experiments, the role of inputs is inferred fr ...
... The contribution of sensory inputs to the function of a central target has traditionally been investigated through deprivation or lesion experiments in which central sensory structures are temporarily or permanently deprived of their inputs1–8. In these experiments, the role of inputs is inferred fr ...
Introduction to Psychology
... Synapses and Neurotransmitters How does information move from one neuron to another? The nerve impulse is primarily electrical. That’s why electrically stimulating the brain affects behavior. To prove the point, researcher José Delgado once entered a bullring with a cape and a radio transmitter. The ...
... Synapses and Neurotransmitters How does information move from one neuron to another? The nerve impulse is primarily electrical. That’s why electrically stimulating the brain affects behavior. To prove the point, researcher José Delgado once entered a bullring with a cape and a radio transmitter. The ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.