Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... transmission, or direct inhibition of inhibitory interneurons. Conversely, ‘inhibition’ in this context could arise from direct hyperpolarization, enhancement of currents mediating adaptation, suppression of excitatory intrinsic synaptic transmission, or direct excitation of inhibitory interneurons. ...
... transmission, or direct inhibition of inhibitory interneurons. Conversely, ‘inhibition’ in this context could arise from direct hyperpolarization, enhancement of currents mediating adaptation, suppression of excitatory intrinsic synaptic transmission, or direct excitation of inhibitory interneurons. ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... diverse manners of presentations. We also decided to examine individual cases over a wide range of age, from embryonic stages to 20 years, rather than perform a cross-sectional analysis of many animals at only a few ages. This strategy provided reliable curves of overall changes in synaptic density ...
... diverse manners of presentations. We also decided to examine individual cases over a wide range of age, from embryonic stages to 20 years, rather than perform a cross-sectional analysis of many animals at only a few ages. This strategy provided reliable curves of overall changes in synaptic density ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... Little is known about the role of feed-forward inhibition in shaping the receptive field properties of neurons sensitive to approaching objects (looming stimuli). Such neurons have been described in the visual system of several species, including monkeys, pigeons, and insects (Cooke and Graziano 200 ...
... Little is known about the role of feed-forward inhibition in shaping the receptive field properties of neurons sensitive to approaching objects (looming stimuli). Such neurons have been described in the visual system of several species, including monkeys, pigeons, and insects (Cooke and Graziano 200 ...
View/Open
... Effect of Removing the Primary Visual Cortex Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to mo ...
... Effect of Removing the Primary Visual Cortex Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to mo ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
Edwards Amy Edwards FYS 11/04/2011 Follow Your Dreams
... the cortex's attempt to find meaning in the random signals that it receives during REM sleep. The cortex is the part of the brain that interprets and organizes information from the environment during consciousness. It may be that, given random signals from the pons during REM sleep, the cortex tries ...
... the cortex's attempt to find meaning in the random signals that it receives during REM sleep. The cortex is the part of the brain that interprets and organizes information from the environment during consciousness. It may be that, given random signals from the pons during REM sleep, the cortex tries ...
PDF
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... disambiguate the effect of cholinergic depletion upon the expression of previously established reward timing, versus the acquisition of new reward timing intervals. Therefore, following 5–6 days of post-infusion recovery, single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the ...
... disambiguate the effect of cholinergic depletion upon the expression of previously established reward timing, versus the acquisition of new reward timing intervals. Therefore, following 5–6 days of post-infusion recovery, single unit data were collected while animals performed daily sessions of the ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... monitoring of emotional salience (Ressler and Mayberg, 2007; Seminowicz et al, 2004); (2) the subcortical brain regions that process affective stimuli (Kumar et al, 2008; Pizzagalli et al, 2009) and that modulate emotional memory formation and retrieval (Dillon et al, 2013); and (3) the coordinated ...
... monitoring of emotional salience (Ressler and Mayberg, 2007; Seminowicz et al, 2004); (2) the subcortical brain regions that process affective stimuli (Kumar et al, 2008; Pizzagalli et al, 2009) and that modulate emotional memory formation and retrieval (Dillon et al, 2013); and (3) the coordinated ...
Language repetition and short-term memory: an integrative
... severity of the phonological STM impairment and residual language processing impairment, suggesting that residual difficulties in representing and processing phonological information may at least partially explain phonological STM deficits in these patients (see also Buchsbaum and D’Esposito, 2008 a ...
... severity of the phonological STM impairment and residual language processing impairment, suggesting that residual difficulties in representing and processing phonological information may at least partially explain phonological STM deficits in these patients (see also Buchsbaum and D’Esposito, 2008 a ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... given to the associability of the signal on the preceding episode (an11) and to the change in associability on that episode (Dan11). The associability of the stimulus, a, is then deployed to control the change in excitatory associative strength on episodes in which the stimulus is paired with the re ...
... given to the associability of the signal on the preceding episode (an11) and to the change in associability on that episode (Dan11). The associability of the stimulus, a, is then deployed to control the change in excitatory associative strength on episodes in which the stimulus is paired with the re ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... in performance accuracy and decreases in reaction time for detection and discrimination of stimuli presented at the attended location (Pashler 1998). This thesis will concentrate on exploring the neural basis of spatial attention in the primate frontal eye fields. ...
... in performance accuracy and decreases in reaction time for detection and discrimination of stimuli presented at the attended location (Pashler 1998). This thesis will concentrate on exploring the neural basis of spatial attention in the primate frontal eye fields. ...
Optical imaging combined with targeted electrical recordings
... Fig. 3. General view of the electrode positioner microdrive. Top: The X /Y positioner stage, with the glass slightly open (left) and fully closed (right). Bottom: Photograph of the positioner microdrive at an angle of 608 on its stand. (A) Transparent sliding window (simple glass/Perspex cover) w ...
... Fig. 3. General view of the electrode positioner microdrive. Top: The X /Y positioner stage, with the glass slightly open (left) and fully closed (right). Bottom: Photograph of the positioner microdrive at an angle of 608 on its stand. (A) Transparent sliding window (simple glass/Perspex cover) w ...
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
... prepubertal quiescence of GnRH neurons and their subsequent activation at the onset of puberty. As a theoretical framework, these mecha- ...
... prepubertal quiescence of GnRH neurons and their subsequent activation at the onset of puberty. As a theoretical framework, these mecha- ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
disparity detection from stereo
... feature-based, pixel-based, and phase-based as well as Bayesian approaches [8]. While those approaches have obtained limited success in special problems, it is becoming increasingly clear that they are not robust against wide variations in object surface properties and lighting conditions [10]. The ...
... feature-based, pixel-based, and phase-based as well as Bayesian approaches [8]. While those approaches have obtained limited success in special problems, it is becoming increasingly clear that they are not robust against wide variations in object surface properties and lighting conditions [10]. The ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... lowest level of the model and may be identified as a set of neurons within a given cortical area and layer. More precisely, we assume a population of pyramidal neurons and a population of inhibitory interneurons at this level. Within and between each population are recurrent and cross connections, r ...
... lowest level of the model and may be identified as a set of neurons within a given cortical area and layer. More precisely, we assume a population of pyramidal neurons and a population of inhibitory interneurons at this level. Within and between each population are recurrent and cross connections, r ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... the location of the object to guide the hand through space, and the shape, size and texture of the object to form the appropriate grasp (Jeannerod, 1997). This type of visuomotor transformations relies on direct, cortico-cortical connections linking the occipito-parietal visual pathway (dorsal visua ...
... the location of the object to guide the hand through space, and the shape, size and texture of the object to form the appropriate grasp (Jeannerod, 1997). This type of visuomotor transformations relies on direct, cortico-cortical connections linking the occipito-parietal visual pathway (dorsal visua ...
midbrain Brain stem
... Figure 12.12 Inferior view of the brain, showing the three parts of the brain stem: midbrain, pons, and medulla ...
... Figure 12.12 Inferior view of the brain, showing the three parts of the brain stem: midbrain, pons, and medulla ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... Primary auditory cortex offers another example of a cortical region in which convergent evidence implicates synaptic disruptions in the pathology of schizophrenia. In subjects with schizophrenia, the processing of sensory information within AI is impaired, manifest as the reduced ability to discrimi ...
... Primary auditory cortex offers another example of a cortical region in which convergent evidence implicates synaptic disruptions in the pathology of schizophrenia. In subjects with schizophrenia, the processing of sensory information within AI is impaired, manifest as the reduced ability to discrimi ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... that the strength of a cross-correlation may function as a code for stimulus-induced changes, a code that may provide better discrimination than the firing rate of the individual units of the neuron pair. The monograph by Abeles ( 1982) in addition stressed the statistical nature of the cortex with ...
... that the strength of a cross-correlation may function as a code for stimulus-induced changes, a code that may provide better discrimination than the firing rate of the individual units of the neuron pair. The monograph by Abeles ( 1982) in addition stressed the statistical nature of the cortex with ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... • Firstly, it is posited that the MMN arises via a stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) process whereby feature-specific neural elements are progressively adapted by a repeated stimulus. ...
... • Firstly, it is posited that the MMN arises via a stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) process whereby feature-specific neural elements are progressively adapted by a repeated stimulus. ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... local input and to supply this information to more specialized downstream brain regions. The large lobula plate neurons, which integrate local motion inputs and thus respond in a directionselective way to motion in a large part of the visual field have been studied extensively (Borst et al., 2010), ...
... local input and to supply this information to more specialized downstream brain regions. The large lobula plate neurons, which integrate local motion inputs and thus respond in a directionselective way to motion in a large part of the visual field have been studied extensively (Borst et al., 2010), ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.