Clinical Investigative Study Detectability of Neural Tracts and Nuclei
... form of inverted V on the midline of the floor of the fourth ventricle. The central tegmental tract (4) is shown a blue region in the reticular formation located behind the medial lemniscus (2). The spinothalamic tract (5) is displayed as a light blue region lateral to the medial lemniscus (2). The a ...
... form of inverted V on the midline of the floor of the fourth ventricle. The central tegmental tract (4) is shown a blue region in the reticular formation located behind the medial lemniscus (2). The spinothalamic tract (5) is displayed as a light blue region lateral to the medial lemniscus (2). The a ...
CNS – composed of the brain and spinal cord Cephalization
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
Axonal integrity predicts cortical reorganisation following cervical injury
... provided on the screen in the form of a thermometer (1.7 s). In total, 48 handgrips were performed, using an MRI compatible grip manipulandum.20 Prior to scanning, participants practiced the motor task until comfortable. Immediately prior to scanning, the target force of 30% of maximum voluntary con ...
... provided on the screen in the form of a thermometer (1.7 s). In total, 48 handgrips were performed, using an MRI compatible grip manipulandum.20 Prior to scanning, participants practiced the motor task until comfortable. Immediately prior to scanning, the target force of 30% of maximum voluntary con ...
Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking
... For example, differences in neural modification of CS pathways by excitor and blocked CSs would provide support for CS inattention interpretations of blocking (e.g., Mackintosh 1983; Pearce and Hall 1980). Neuronal recordings in the visual system have been carried out during administration of a modi ...
... For example, differences in neural modification of CS pathways by excitor and blocked CSs would provide support for CS inattention interpretations of blocking (e.g., Mackintosh 1983; Pearce and Hall 1980). Neuronal recordings in the visual system have been carried out during administration of a modi ...
Not all brains are created equal: The relevance of
... Assuming that an increase in cortical excitability is beneficial for learning, we should also be aware of some its negative consequences. Overexcitation of the cortex (i.e. the excessive release of glutamate), leads to excitotoxicity and cell death (Faden et al., 1989;Belousov, 2012). Excessive GABA ...
... Assuming that an increase in cortical excitability is beneficial for learning, we should also be aware of some its negative consequences. Overexcitation of the cortex (i.e. the excessive release of glutamate), leads to excitotoxicity and cell death (Faden et al., 1989;Belousov, 2012). Excessive GABA ...
PDF
... of increased proportion of calretinin neurons would depend on the criteria of their territorial exclusivity, i.e., their developmental positioning to efferent targets compared to other calretinin interneurons. If newly added calretinin cells show no territorial exclusivity, i.e., their connections s ...
... of increased proportion of calretinin neurons would depend on the criteria of their territorial exclusivity, i.e., their developmental positioning to efferent targets compared to other calretinin interneurons. If newly added calretinin cells show no territorial exclusivity, i.e., their connections s ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... engaged by changes in problem representation. There is considerable evidence to support the assumption that the parietal region plays an important role in visual--spatial and verbal representations. It is engaged in verbal encoding (Davachi et al. 2001; Clark and Wagner 2003), mental rotation (Alivi ...
... engaged by changes in problem representation. There is considerable evidence to support the assumption that the parietal region plays an important role in visual--spatial and verbal representations. It is engaged in verbal encoding (Davachi et al. 2001; Clark and Wagner 2003), mental rotation (Alivi ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... stimuli were presented within the neuron’s excitatory receptive fields (ERFs). In a competing configuration, an additional (i.e., “competitor”) stimulus was presented simultaneously in the opposite hemifield (ipsilateral to the electrode) and outside the neuron’s ERFs. Stimuli were placed in the opp ...
... stimuli were presented within the neuron’s excitatory receptive fields (ERFs). In a competing configuration, an additional (i.e., “competitor”) stimulus was presented simultaneously in the opposite hemifield (ipsilateral to the electrode) and outside the neuron’s ERFs. Stimuli were placed in the opp ...
Stop-Signal Task - Gemstone Honors Program
... been a significant increase in the number of diagnoses of ADHD. From 2003 to 2007, there was a 21.8% increase in the reported incidence of ADHD among children/adolescents between the ages of four and seventeen (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Although some of these diagnoses are accurate ...
... been a significant increase in the number of diagnoses of ADHD. From 2003 to 2007, there was a 21.8% increase in the reported incidence of ADHD among children/adolescents between the ages of four and seventeen (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Although some of these diagnoses are accurate ...
Suppression of Neural Responses to Nonoptimal Stimuli Correlates
... Suppression of neural responses to nonoptimal stimuli correlates with tuning selectivity in macaque V1. J Neurophysiol 87: 1018 –1027, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00614.2001. Neural responses in primary visual cortex (area V1) are selective for the orientation and spatial frequency of luminance-modulated sinus ...
... Suppression of neural responses to nonoptimal stimuli correlates with tuning selectivity in macaque V1. J Neurophysiol 87: 1018 –1027, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00614.2001. Neural responses in primary visual cortex (area V1) are selective for the orientation and spatial frequency of luminance-modulated sinus ...
Frontostriatal mechanisms in instruction-based learning
... a while to figure out what is correct under which circumstances. In contrast, humans can adopt and behaviorally implement novel stimulus-response (S-R) rules almost instantaneously if explicitly instructed. Most experimental laboratories explicitly use this ability by simply instructing their partici ...
... a while to figure out what is correct under which circumstances. In contrast, humans can adopt and behaviorally implement novel stimulus-response (S-R) rules almost instantaneously if explicitly instructed. Most experimental laboratories explicitly use this ability by simply instructing their partici ...
psychology 2
... (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. Afte r a brief hyperpolarization period, the cell returns to its resting potential. ...
... (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. Afte r a brief hyperpolarization period, the cell returns to its resting potential. ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... that the vigorous neural stimulation arising from the brainstem during active sleep substitutes for the lack of waking stimulation. Specifically, they suggested that this sleep-related stimulation assists in a variety of developmental processes, including “neuronal differentiation, maturation, and m ...
... that the vigorous neural stimulation arising from the brainstem during active sleep substitutes for the lack of waking stimulation. Specifically, they suggested that this sleep-related stimulation assists in a variety of developmental processes, including “neuronal differentiation, maturation, and m ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
... the modulation of constant chronic pain. This suggests that different neural networks are involved in the modulation of pain when different cognitive processes are used. Our study contributes to existing knowledge mainly conducted in healthy participants with acute, evoked pain. Kalisch et al. found ...
... the modulation of constant chronic pain. This suggests that different neural networks are involved in the modulation of pain when different cognitive processes are used. Our study contributes to existing knowledge mainly conducted in healthy participants with acute, evoked pain. Kalisch et al. found ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
... the fundus of the superior temporal area (FST). Although these observations could be interpreted as supporting the anatomicalhierarchical model, the evidence is still inconclusive, mainly because comparisons have been made between areas belonging to the occipitoparietal and occipitotemporal pathways ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... these subcortical systems were a source of input to AIP. For example, perhaps some of the ‘visual’ properties of AIP neurons are the result of input from the superior colliculus. Similarly, some of the ‘motor’ properties of AIP neurons could be a consequence of input from the cerebellum. In addition ...
... these subcortical systems were a source of input to AIP. For example, perhaps some of the ‘visual’ properties of AIP neurons are the result of input from the superior colliculus. Similarly, some of the ‘motor’ properties of AIP neurons could be a consequence of input from the cerebellum. In addition ...
HUMAN BRAIN EVOLUTION IN AN ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT^
... Hence. Jerison's quotient values for individual species are approximately one-third of the index values given by Bauchot and Stephan's ...
... Hence. Jerison's quotient values for individual species are approximately one-third of the index values given by Bauchot and Stephan's ...
![[3h]cyclohexyladenosine](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/012903919_1-6cab9cfb915b9ec701998fe503594a7e-300x300.png)
[3h]cyclohexyladenosine
... off, and counted as described in text. The results and the means of triplicate determinations and this experiment were repeated two times. The inset is a Scatchard plot of these data. B, Displacements of [3H]CHA binding in tissue sections. Tissues were incubated and processed as described in A and i ...
... off, and counted as described in text. The results and the means of triplicate determinations and this experiment were repeated two times. The inset is a Scatchard plot of these data. B, Displacements of [3H]CHA binding in tissue sections. Tissues were incubated and processed as described in A and i ...
Conditioned and unconditioned regulation of human activity
... Conditioned reflexes are individually acquired system of adaptive reactions of the person and animals. It arises on the basis of formation in the central nervous system of temporary communication between centres, some of which percept new irritant and other control some unconditioned reflex. Thus, ...
... Conditioned reflexes are individually acquired system of adaptive reactions of the person and animals. It arises on the basis of formation in the central nervous system of temporary communication between centres, some of which percept new irritant and other control some unconditioned reflex. Thus, ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... In 1941, Adrian already reported that rhythmic 10/s activity following a single afferent volley could be recorded within or at the dorsal surface of the thalamus, even if the appropriate cortical area was removed. In other words, the thalamic nuclei contain a mechanism for the transfer of a single v ...
... In 1941, Adrian already reported that rhythmic 10/s activity following a single afferent volley could be recorded within or at the dorsal surface of the thalamus, even if the appropriate cortical area was removed. In other words, the thalamic nuclei contain a mechanism for the transfer of a single v ...
Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation
... neuronal connectivity is essential for the ability to exert top-down control that allows voluntary response suppression. Investigating response inhibition from an underconnectivity perspective places a focus not only on the regions found to be involved in accomplishing inhibition but also on the coo ...
... neuronal connectivity is essential for the ability to exert top-down control that allows voluntary response suppression. Investigating response inhibition from an underconnectivity perspective places a focus not only on the regions found to be involved in accomplishing inhibition but also on the coo ...
Bipolar Cell
... • As we all know, our eyes detect the presence of light. • For humans, light is a narrow band of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 380 and 760 nm (a nanometer, nm, is one-billionth of a meter) is visible to us. (See Figure 6.1.) • Other ...
... • As we all know, our eyes detect the presence of light. • For humans, light is a narrow band of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 380 and 760 nm (a nanometer, nm, is one-billionth of a meter) is visible to us. (See Figure 6.1.) • Other ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... transformation between visually defined goal-states and the motor system (Rizzolatti et al., 1988; Jeannerod et al., 1995). This is essentially a goal-to-action type of computation, roughly corresponding to the internal 'inverse model' posited by computational theories of motor control (Wolpert & Gh ...
... transformation between visually defined goal-states and the motor system (Rizzolatti et al., 1988; Jeannerod et al., 1995). This is essentially a goal-to-action type of computation, roughly corresponding to the internal 'inverse model' posited by computational theories of motor control (Wolpert & Gh ...
Reading therapy strengthens top–down
... Orthographic similarity was not controlled when designing the word lists, but the degree to which the trained and untrained words shared the same letter combinations is a pertinent factor in interpreting the training results. To take an extreme example, if the two word lists shared no letter combina ...
... Orthographic similarity was not controlled when designing the word lists, but the degree to which the trained and untrained words shared the same letter combinations is a pertinent factor in interpreting the training results. To take an extreme example, if the two word lists shared no letter combina ...
Sample
... a) agonist b) antagonist c) neuromodulator d) receptor ANS: D, p. 47-48, F, (2) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 37. Reuptake refers to ________. a) an area where neurotransmitters or neuromodulators attach themselves b) the process by which the surplus neurotransmitters are reabsorbed ba ...
... a) agonist b) antagonist c) neuromodulator d) receptor ANS: D, p. 47-48, F, (2) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 37. Reuptake refers to ________. a) an area where neurotransmitters or neuromodulators attach themselves b) the process by which the surplus neurotransmitters are reabsorbed ba ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.