Optical brain imaging in vivo: techniques and applications from
... applications as a research tool for both clinical and animal studies of basic brain function and diseases. Still, so little is known about the way that the normal brain functions, in part due to the difficulties of measuring such a complex organ without disturbing or damaging its in-vivo function. O ...
... applications as a research tool for both clinical and animal studies of basic brain function and diseases. Still, so little is known about the way that the normal brain functions, in part due to the difficulties of measuring such a complex organ without disturbing or damaging its in-vivo function. O ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
... complete cycle of the sinusoidal grating. Following the first failure, mice were required to achieve five correct trials in a row, or 8 of 10 correct trials at each spatial frequency before proceeding to the next higher frequency. Once a mouse failed to complete 8 of 10 correct trials at a given spa ...
... complete cycle of the sinusoidal grating. Following the first failure, mice were required to achieve five correct trials in a row, or 8 of 10 correct trials at each spatial frequency before proceeding to the next higher frequency. Once a mouse failed to complete 8 of 10 correct trials at a given spa ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... (MEP) and the duration of the silent period (SP) in tonically activated response agonists. Motor evoked potential area and silent period duration were assumed to reflect, respectively, the excitability of the cortico-spinal pathway and the recruitment of inhibitory cortical interneurons. Shorter rea ...
... (MEP) and the duration of the silent period (SP) in tonically activated response agonists. Motor evoked potential area and silent period duration were assumed to reflect, respectively, the excitability of the cortico-spinal pathway and the recruitment of inhibitory cortical interneurons. Shorter rea ...
Lesser
... also revealed that damage to specific areas of the cerebellum can cause unanticipated impairments in nonmotor processes, especially in how quickly and accurately people perceive sensory information. Other findings indicate that the cerebellum may play important roles in shortterm memory, attention, ...
... also revealed that damage to specific areas of the cerebellum can cause unanticipated impairments in nonmotor processes, especially in how quickly and accurately people perceive sensory information. Other findings indicate that the cerebellum may play important roles in shortterm memory, attention, ...
Long thought to be solely the BRAIN`S COORDINATOR of body
... also revealed that damage to specific areas of the cerebellum can cause unanticipated impairments in nonmotor processes, especially in how quickly and accurately people perceive sensory information. Other findings indicate that the cerebellum may play important roles in shortterm memory, attention, ...
... also revealed that damage to specific areas of the cerebellum can cause unanticipated impairments in nonmotor processes, especially in how quickly and accurately people perceive sensory information. Other findings indicate that the cerebellum may play important roles in shortterm memory, attention, ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
The role of mirror neurons in speech perception and
... the role of mirror neurons in speech/language processes. For more detailed discussion see (Hickok, 2009a). Mirror neurons, which fire both during action execution (e.g., grasping) and during action observation, were originally discovered in area F5 of the macaque monkey (di Pellegrino et al., 1992; ...
... the role of mirror neurons in speech/language processes. For more detailed discussion see (Hickok, 2009a). Mirror neurons, which fire both during action execution (e.g., grasping) and during action observation, were originally discovered in area F5 of the macaque monkey (di Pellegrino et al., 1992; ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... that alternated between inhibitory and facilitatory ERF properties. In total, twenty electrode penetrations were performed, among which six were relatively normal to the cortical surface (see Figures 3D and 3E). In these normal penetrations, the distribution of neuron groups with alternating inhibit ...
... that alternated between inhibitory and facilitatory ERF properties. In total, twenty electrode penetrations were performed, among which six were relatively normal to the cortical surface (see Figures 3D and 3E). In these normal penetrations, the distribution of neuron groups with alternating inhibit ...
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li
... or after various modulatory effects. Study I used painful and non-painful finger stimulation applied to the thumb and little finger tips which as an experimental model to present the brain response to the peripheral stimulation. Study II explored the effect of acupuncture modulation on EEG power spe ...
... or after various modulatory effects. Study I used painful and non-painful finger stimulation applied to the thumb and little finger tips which as an experimental model to present the brain response to the peripheral stimulation. Study II explored the effect of acupuncture modulation on EEG power spe ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
... the cortex, and thereby help form dynamic representations of coherent input areas [16]; (3) by learning correlations in input during development, they can potentially form long-term representations of input regularities such as gestalt rules [19]; and (4) by combining such representations with input ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... saccade volitionally to a visual or remembered target. Presaccadic activity has been shown to occur in caudate neurons and is believed to suppress the tonic spike discharge of SNr neurons, leading to a disinhibition of output neurons in the superior colliculus (Hikosaka et al. 1989a). In addition, c ...
... saccade volitionally to a visual or remembered target. Presaccadic activity has been shown to occur in caudate neurons and is believed to suppress the tonic spike discharge of SNr neurons, leading to a disinhibition of output neurons in the superior colliculus (Hikosaka et al. 1989a). In addition, c ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... Given the dynamic nature of the interactions between complex organisms and the environment, it is not surprising that specific neural mechanisms have evolved that not only detect the presence of rewarding stimuli but also predict their occurrence on the basis of representations formed by past experi ...
... Given the dynamic nature of the interactions between complex organisms and the environment, it is not surprising that specific neural mechanisms have evolved that not only detect the presence of rewarding stimuli but also predict their occurrence on the basis of representations formed by past experi ...
The response of cat visual cortex to flicker stimuli of variable frequency
... temporally modulated input activity, using the cat visual system as a model. We were particularly interested to see whether the retinothalamo-cortical system exhibits preferences for certain oscillation frequencies and whether these preferences depend on the state of central core modulatory systems. ...
... temporally modulated input activity, using the cat visual system as a model. We were particularly interested to see whether the retinothalamo-cortical system exhibits preferences for certain oscillation frequencies and whether these preferences depend on the state of central core modulatory systems. ...
Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative
... 2001). This assumption, however, is rather excessive and may not hold in a general case. For example, given the complexity and hierarchy of brain neural encoding/decoding structures, it would be more plausible to expect the encoding and decoding distributions to be different. If the decoding distrib ...
... 2001). This assumption, however, is rather excessive and may not hold in a general case. For example, given the complexity and hierarchy of brain neural encoding/decoding structures, it would be more plausible to expect the encoding and decoding distributions to be different. If the decoding distrib ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled fibers were present. In other regions, the density of TH-immunoreactive processes far exceeded that of DBH-labeled fibers. These findings indicate that nearly all of the immunoreactive fibers revealed by this anti-TH antiseru ...
... fibers were observed in some cortical locations where few or no TH-labeled fibers were present. In other regions, the density of TH-immunoreactive processes far exceeded that of DBH-labeled fibers. These findings indicate that nearly all of the immunoreactive fibers revealed by this anti-TH antiseru ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... depth differences between objects rather than on their absolute distance in depth from where the eyes fixate. However, relative disparities are computed from absolute disparities, and it is not known where these two stages are represented in the human brain. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we assessed ...
... depth differences between objects rather than on their absolute distance in depth from where the eyes fixate. However, relative disparities are computed from absolute disparities, and it is not known where these two stages are represented in the human brain. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we assessed ...
Golgi: a life in science - Oxford Academic
... to champion a radically different view. Although Cajal’s interpretations were to prove correct, it was not until the application of the electron microscope many years later that his views could finally be proven. Nerves touch one another, they do not fuse. Golgi was angered and hurt at the widesprea ...
... to champion a radically different view. Although Cajal’s interpretations were to prove correct, it was not until the application of the electron microscope many years later that his views could finally be proven. Nerves touch one another, they do not fuse. Golgi was angered and hurt at the widesprea ...
LESSON 3.4 WORKBOOK
... whether the limb was in pain prior to amputation. If the real limb was in pain prior to amputation, then there is a high chance that the phantom limb will be painful too, presumably because the brain is still expecting that pain activation. Many patients experience pain because the phantom limb seem ...
... whether the limb was in pain prior to amputation. If the real limb was in pain prior to amputation, then there is a high chance that the phantom limb will be painful too, presumably because the brain is still expecting that pain activation. Many patients experience pain because the phantom limb seem ...
Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder Systematic
... categorisation of experience.Replicated localised functional changes include increased activation of the amygdala after symptom provocation (which may reflect its role in emotional memory) and decreased activity of Broca’s area atthe same time (which may explain the difficulty patients have in label ...
... categorisation of experience.Replicated localised functional changes include increased activation of the amygdala after symptom provocation (which may reflect its role in emotional memory) and decreased activity of Broca’s area atthe same time (which may explain the difficulty patients have in label ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
... The brain utilizes the signalsfrom the 2 eyes to recover the relative depth of objects.Wheatstone (1838) first demonstrated that a difference, or disparity, in the relative horizontal position of the object’s imagesin the 2 eyescan generatean impression of depth and solidity. Julesz(1960, 1971)later ...
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... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... The basal ganglia and frontal cortex operate together to execute goal directed behaviors. This requires not only the execution of motor plans, but also the behaviors that lead to this execution, including emotions and motivation that drive behaviors, cognition that organizes and plans the general st ...
... The basal ganglia and frontal cortex operate together to execute goal directed behaviors. This requires not only the execution of motor plans, but also the behaviors that lead to this execution, including emotions and motivation that drive behaviors, cognition that organizes and plans the general st ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... post-synaptic sites (and is functionally related to the M3 and M5 receptors). The M1 receptor mediates post-synaptic effects of the activation of muscarinic receptors, including depolarization and suppression of spike-frequency accommodation (Dasari and Gulledge, 2011). M2 receptors are located at b ...
... post-synaptic sites (and is functionally related to the M3 and M5 receptors). The M1 receptor mediates post-synaptic effects of the activation of muscarinic receptors, including depolarization and suppression of spike-frequency accommodation (Dasari and Gulledge, 2011). M2 receptors are located at b ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
Neural correlates of social exclusion during adolescence
... Neuroimaging research related to social exclusion Despite the heightened salience of social rejection during adolescence, we know little about the underlying neural or cognitive mechanisms that make this experience so emotionally important during this time period. In adults, a series of neuroimaging ...
... Neuroimaging research related to social exclusion Despite the heightened salience of social rejection during adolescence, we know little about the underlying neural or cognitive mechanisms that make this experience so emotionally important during this time period. In adults, a series of neuroimaging ...
Neuroesthetics
Neuroesthetics (or neuroaesthetics) is a relatively recent sub-discipline of empirical aesthetics. Empirical aesthetics takes a scientific approach to the study of aesthetic perceptions of art and music. Neuroesthetics received its formal definition in 2002 as the scientific study of the neural bases for the contemplation and creation of a work of art. Neuroesthetics uses neuroscience to explain and understand the aesthetic experiences at the neurological level. The topic attracts scholars from many disciplines including neuroscientists, art historians, artists, and psychologists.