Impulsivity-related brain volume deficits in schizophrenia
... Despite a high prevalence of schizophrenia patients with comorbid substance abuse, little is known about possible impacts on the brain. Hence, our goal was to determine whether addicted and non-addicted schizophrenic patients suffer from different brain deficits. We were especially interested to det ...
... Despite a high prevalence of schizophrenia patients with comorbid substance abuse, little is known about possible impacts on the brain. Hence, our goal was to determine whether addicted and non-addicted schizophrenic patients suffer from different brain deficits. We were especially interested to det ...
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... and layer 1, reveal that what appear to be columns in cross section have a variety of shapes and sizes. Ocular dominance columns, one of the textbook examples of columnar organization, are actually slab-like domains; and column width is variable as a function of the visual field; that is, larger in ...
... and layer 1, reveal that what appear to be columns in cross section have a variety of shapes and sizes. Ocular dominance columns, one of the textbook examples of columnar organization, are actually slab-like domains; and column width is variable as a function of the visual field; that is, larger in ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... Munoz 1998; Kim and Shadlen 1999; Platt and Glimcher 1999; Shadlen and Newsome 1996, 2001). In contrast, over the past 400 years, economists have developed simple normative models to describe what rational agents should do when confronted with a choice between two options [Arnauld and Nichole 1662; ...
... Munoz 1998; Kim and Shadlen 1999; Platt and Glimcher 1999; Shadlen and Newsome 1996, 2001). In contrast, over the past 400 years, economists have developed simple normative models to describe what rational agents should do when confronted with a choice between two options [Arnauld and Nichole 1662; ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... These findings are from nonhuman primates and are relevant to humans because the taste and related pathways are similar in both species (and different from those in rodents) (Norgren 1984; Rolls and Scott 2003; Rolls 2005; Rolls and Grabenhorst 2008; Small and Scott 2009; Rolls 2011a). These finding ...
... These findings are from nonhuman primates and are relevant to humans because the taste and related pathways are similar in both species (and different from those in rodents) (Norgren 1984; Rolls and Scott 2003; Rolls 2005; Rolls and Grabenhorst 2008; Small and Scott 2009; Rolls 2011a). These finding ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... The differences in the pattern of connections between dorsal and ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventra ...
... The differences in the pattern of connections between dorsal and ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventra ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... • Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including the premotor cortex • Allow us to give meaning to information received, store it as memory, compare it to previous experience, and decide on action to ...
... • Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including the premotor cortex • Allow us to give meaning to information received, store it as memory, compare it to previous experience, and decide on action to ...
Cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation failure
... [33–35]. Yet people might be unaware that their environments are influencing them because stimuli can activate goals, cravings and so forth implicitly [36,37]. Even if people are somewhat aware of cues around them, they are unaware of the process by which exposure to those cues implicitly activates ...
... [33–35]. Yet people might be unaware that their environments are influencing them because stimuli can activate goals, cravings and so forth implicitly [36,37]. Even if people are somewhat aware of cues around them, they are unaware of the process by which exposure to those cues implicitly activates ...
Section 1: Anatomy of the sensorimotor system
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
... There is currently controversy over exactly how many cortical motor areas exist. This is further confounded by disagreement over what criteria should be used to define a motor area. Proposed criteria include requirements that a motor area has projections to spinal motor neurons and a full representa ...
Multisensory anatomical pathways - Centre de Recherche Cerveau
... occur is probably reflecting an adaptive mechanism by which individual perceptual or sensory-motor situations involve a specific multisensory network. We describe in this review connections in the brain that may represent the support for early multisensory integration, such as cortico-cortical connect ...
... occur is probably reflecting an adaptive mechanism by which individual perceptual or sensory-motor situations involve a specific multisensory network. We describe in this review connections in the brain that may represent the support for early multisensory integration, such as cortico-cortical connect ...
Multiple Representation in Primate SI
... 1996; Harel et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2001; Spitzer et al., 2001). Interpretation of optical images requires careful attention to stimulus design, multiple types of image analysis, and, if possible, accompanying electrophysiological recordings. For example, the presence of strong optical signal can ...
... 1996; Harel et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2001; Spitzer et al., 2001). Interpretation of optical images requires careful attention to stimulus design, multiple types of image analysis, and, if possible, accompanying electrophysiological recordings. For example, the presence of strong optical signal can ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... This arrangement of area 17 inputs to area 18, as revealed by the locations of patches of retrogradelylabeled cells in area 17, was also apparent following separate FR, FB and WGA-HRP area 18 injections in case 92-8 1 (Fig. 1B). In case 93-99, six different tracers were applied in distinct locations ...
... This arrangement of area 17 inputs to area 18, as revealed by the locations of patches of retrogradelylabeled cells in area 17, was also apparent following separate FR, FB and WGA-HRP area 18 injections in case 92-8 1 (Fig. 1B). In case 93-99, six different tracers were applied in distinct locations ...
GustOlf9
... - projects to frontal neocortical areas for olfactory discrimination (in part, through thalamus). Rostral entorhinal cortex – on parahippocampal gyrus. - projects to hippocampus - modulates the association of odors with long-term memories. ...
... - projects to frontal neocortical areas for olfactory discrimination (in part, through thalamus). Rostral entorhinal cortex – on parahippocampal gyrus. - projects to hippocampus - modulates the association of odors with long-term memories. ...
The Neural Fate of Consciously Perceived and Missed Events in the
... studies could not determine the functional neuroanatomy of unconsciously processed events under conditions of inattention nor could they reveal how it differs from that of consciously perceived events. In support of a second, attention-demanding stage, manipulations that affect the magnitude of the ...
... studies could not determine the functional neuroanatomy of unconsciously processed events under conditions of inattention nor could they reveal how it differs from that of consciously perceived events. In support of a second, attention-demanding stage, manipulations that affect the magnitude of the ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... and Deuchars 1997; White and Keller 1989). Understanding the organization of inhibitory neurons in the cortex is prerequisite to understanding the consequences after stimulation of prefrontal pathways. A useful way of identifying inhibitory neurons in the cortex of primates is by their expression of ...
... and Deuchars 1997; White and Keller 1989). Understanding the organization of inhibitory neurons in the cortex is prerequisite to understanding the consequences after stimulation of prefrontal pathways. A useful way of identifying inhibitory neurons in the cortex of primates is by their expression of ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... intensity. Blue codes for the head-feet, red for left-right, and green for anterior-posterior orientations. (2) White and gray matter segmentation is performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into ...
... intensity. Blue codes for the head-feet, red for left-right, and green for anterior-posterior orientations. (2) White and gray matter segmentation is performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... intensity. Blue codes for the head-feet, red for left-right, and green for anterior-posterior orientations. (2) White and gray matter segmentation is performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into ...
... intensity. Blue codes for the head-feet, red for left-right, and green for anterior-posterior orientations. (2) White and gray matter segmentation is performed from the T1-weighted image. (3a) 66 cortical regions with clear anatomical landmarks are created and then (3b) individually subdivided into ...
This article was originally published in the
... evoked strong emotional reactions in awake human surgical patients. Additional support for the Papez model came from the results of bilateral cingulotomies on humans with severe depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Although this procedure, in which the entire cingulate corte ...
... evoked strong emotional reactions in awake human surgical patients. Additional support for the Papez model came from the results of bilateral cingulotomies on humans with severe depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Although this procedure, in which the entire cingulate corte ...
Drives and emotions: the hypothalamus and limbic system
... inputs, inputs from the hypothalamus, and cortical inputs representing activity in prefrontal (PF) and limbic (cingulate gyrus; CG) areas. Periodically, the periaqueductal gray activates the pontine micturition center (PMC), which in turn inhibits sympathetic (4) and lower motor neurons (5) to the b ...
... inputs, inputs from the hypothalamus, and cortical inputs representing activity in prefrontal (PF) and limbic (cingulate gyrus; CG) areas. Periodically, the periaqueductal gray activates the pontine micturition center (PMC), which in turn inhibits sympathetic (4) and lower motor neurons (5) to the b ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... Like the brainstem, the hypothalamus contains networks of neurons that often form patterns generators and control behavioral, endocrine, and regulatory functions. These networks are under the influence of higher centers. For example, inputs from the amygdala signal the emotional value of a stimulus ...
... Like the brainstem, the hypothalamus contains networks of neurons that often form patterns generators and control behavioral, endocrine, and regulatory functions. These networks are under the influence of higher centers. For example, inputs from the amygdala signal the emotional value of a stimulus ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... the food with which they had been satiated tasted almost as intense as when they were hungry, though much less pleasant.21 This comparison is consistent with the possibility that activity in the frontal opercular and insular taste cortices, as well as the nucleus of the solitary tract, does not refle ...
... the food with which they had been satiated tasted almost as intense as when they were hungry, though much less pleasant.21 This comparison is consistent with the possibility that activity in the frontal opercular and insular taste cortices, as well as the nucleus of the solitary tract, does not refle ...
The avian `prefrontal cortex` and cognition - Ruhr-Universität
... The set of cognitive skills required for this behavioral optimization is called ‘executive functions’ (see glossary) and is associated with the operations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The phylogenetic success of the order of mammals is probably related to the extraordinary cognitive flexibility t ...
... The set of cognitive skills required for this behavioral optimization is called ‘executive functions’ (see glossary) and is associated with the operations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The phylogenetic success of the order of mammals is probably related to the extraordinary cognitive flexibility t ...
12 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... – Anterior association area (prefrontal cortex) – Posterior association area – Limbic association area ...
... – Anterior association area (prefrontal cortex) – Posterior association area – Limbic association area ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... Figure 2. Task performance. (a) The choices of a subject in the decision task. The solid line shows the EV on the right in 3 different sets of 30 trials. Right and Left responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the ...
... Figure 2. Task performance. (a) The choices of a subject in the decision task. The solid line shows the EV on the right in 3 different sets of 30 trials. Right and Left responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the ...
Impaired Neurocognitive Functions Affect Social Learning
... these three interrelated mental domains (Matthys et al. 2012). In extension of this review, here we discuss the main findings of this review from the perspective of social learning processes that are impeded in ODD and CD by impairments in the three mental domains. Thus, in the present paper, we fir ...
... these three interrelated mental domains (Matthys et al. 2012). In extension of this review, here we discuss the main findings of this review from the perspective of social learning processes that are impeded in ODD and CD by impairments in the three mental domains. Thus, in the present paper, we fir ...
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of both humans and non-human primates. A related area is found in rodents.