Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... complex sequences of voluntary movements. Receive projections from: Prefrontal cortex (decision making) Parietal association areas (spatial relationships between body & external world) o The brainstem also comes into play through a collective group of tracts that give inputs to body movements ...
... complex sequences of voluntary movements. Receive projections from: Prefrontal cortex (decision making) Parietal association areas (spatial relationships between body & external world) o The brainstem also comes into play through a collective group of tracts that give inputs to body movements ...
primary motor cortex
... Most complicated cortical region Involved with intellect, cognition, recall and personality Contains working memory needed for judgment, reasoning and conscience Development depends on feedback from social environment ...
... Most complicated cortical region Involved with intellect, cognition, recall and personality Contains working memory needed for judgment, reasoning and conscience Development depends on feedback from social environment ...
The limbic system
... nucleus (SPFp) seems to be especially important for stimuli related to ejaculation. The MPOA sends efferents to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus paragigantocellularis and other autonomic and somatomotor areas [Figure 9].[19] The parvocell ...
... nucleus (SPFp) seems to be especially important for stimuli related to ejaculation. The MPOA sends efferents to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the ventral tegmental area, the nucleus paragigantocellularis and other autonomic and somatomotor areas [Figure 9].[19] The parvocell ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... reticular nucleus (RTN). Maintained reciprocal thalamocortical connectivity was demonstrated by VB stimulation, which elicited orthodromic and antidromic responses in the cortex, along with re-entry of thalamocortical firing originating in VB neurons excited by cortical output activity. In addition, ...
... reticular nucleus (RTN). Maintained reciprocal thalamocortical connectivity was demonstrated by VB stimulation, which elicited orthodromic and antidromic responses in the cortex, along with re-entry of thalamocortical firing originating in VB neurons excited by cortical output activity. In addition, ...
Nervous System Pt 3
... Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex The three types of functional areas are: Motor areas—control voluntary movement Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation Association areas—integrate diverse information ...
... Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex The three types of functional areas are: Motor areas—control voluntary movement Sensory areas—conscious awareness of sensation Association areas—integrate diverse information ...
Précis of The Brain and Emotion
... are not usually described as producing emotional states (though there are cultural differences here!). It is useful here to separate rewards related to internal homeostatic need states associated with (say) hunger and thirst, and to note that these rewards are not normally described as producing emo ...
... are not usually described as producing emotional states (though there are cultural differences here!). It is useful here to separate rewards related to internal homeostatic need states associated with (say) hunger and thirst, and to note that these rewards are not normally described as producing emo ...
cerebral cortex - Global Anatomy Home Page
... friends of patients is an alteration in emotional expression and personality. Such changes are usually associated with damage to the prefrontal cortex, although they can also occur from damage to other cortical areas or subcortical structures (see olfactory-limbic system lecture notes). The prefront ...
... friends of patients is an alteration in emotional expression and personality. Such changes are usually associated with damage to the prefrontal cortex, although they can also occur from damage to other cortical areas or subcortical structures (see olfactory-limbic system lecture notes). The prefront ...
“Parcelation of the White Matter Using DTI: Insights into the
... in visual and visuospatial integration. Moreover, CC plays an important role higher order cognition including social, attentional and emotional well functioning and has been the focus of intense research in certain psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, Tourette’s syndrome, attention d ...
... in visual and visuospatial integration. Moreover, CC plays an important role higher order cognition including social, attentional and emotional well functioning and has been the focus of intense research in certain psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, Tourette’s syndrome, attention d ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 1991; Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic, 1991), the premotor cort ...
... that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 1991; Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic, 1991), the premotor cort ...
A functional magnetic resonance study
... present.9,10 However, different analysis procedures focus on different research objects. In previous two studies, the functional connectivity was constructed by analyzing the defined regions of interests (ROI) in pgACC, dorsomedial thalamus (DMTHAL), pallidostriatum (PST) and amygdale (AMYG). It’s t ...
... present.9,10 However, different analysis procedures focus on different research objects. In previous two studies, the functional connectivity was constructed by analyzing the defined regions of interests (ROI) in pgACC, dorsomedial thalamus (DMTHAL), pallidostriatum (PST) and amygdale (AMYG). It’s t ...
SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS
... There are two important nonspecific thalamic relay nuclei: the dorsomedial nucleus and the pulvinar. Diffuse relays of limbic imputs occur in the dorsomedial nucleus, as well as in the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. The dorsomedial nucleus forms a large buldge lying medial to the internal ...
... There are two important nonspecific thalamic relay nuclei: the dorsomedial nucleus and the pulvinar. Diffuse relays of limbic imputs occur in the dorsomedial nucleus, as well as in the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. The dorsomedial nucleus forms a large buldge lying medial to the internal ...
2. Parkinsons diseas and Movement Disorders. 1998
... Different areas of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) may be distinguished from one another by their histological features and neuroanatomical connections. Brodmann’s numbering scheme for cortical areas has been used for many years and will be introduced in this section. Projection areas. By following ...
... Different areas of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) may be distinguished from one another by their histological features and neuroanatomical connections. Brodmann’s numbering scheme for cortical areas has been used for many years and will be introduced in this section. Projection areas. By following ...
Arterial Blood Supply to the Auditory Cortex of the Chinchilla
... anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in turn bifurcates to form the caudal end of the arterial circle, is similar in all mammalian species, including h ...
... anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in turn bifurcates to form the caudal end of the arterial circle, is similar in all mammalian species, including h ...
Circuits in Psychopharmacology
... the anatomical relationships of all the possible cuts that can be made through the brain by the various neuroimaging techniques available today. The modern psychopharmacologist should have some familiarity with the deeper structures of the brain so revealed by these techniques in order to interpret ...
... the anatomical relationships of all the possible cuts that can be made through the brain by the various neuroimaging techniques available today. The modern psychopharmacologist should have some familiarity with the deeper structures of the brain so revealed by these techniques in order to interpret ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... differ. Particularly relevant for this chapter is area 11 in the monkey, which is part of the OFC and does not reach the midline, whereas in the human PFC, area 11 does. In contrast, area 14 of the OFC lies on the ventral surface at the midline in monkeys, but may not be a designated area in some hu ...
... differ. Particularly relevant for this chapter is area 11 in the monkey, which is part of the OFC and does not reach the midline, whereas in the human PFC, area 11 does. In contrast, area 14 of the OFC lies on the ventral surface at the midline in monkeys, but may not be a designated area in some hu ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... is closely associated with the potential of an aversive outcome or punishment. Therefore, it is not surprising that some key components of this neural circuitry, e.g., the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex, were also implicated in higher order pro ...
... is closely associated with the potential of an aversive outcome or punishment. Therefore, it is not surprising that some key components of this neural circuitry, e.g., the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex, were also implicated in higher order pro ...
Transcripts/01_15 11
... ii. Project to widespread areas of cortex (gets info from everyway and sends it everywhere) and the Basal ganglia. iii. They produce general changes in cortical function including arousal, alertness, and cortical tone. This is brain stem reticular formation input. b. Reticular nucleus i. Reticular m ...
... ii. Project to widespread areas of cortex (gets info from everyway and sends it everywhere) and the Basal ganglia. iii. They produce general changes in cortical function including arousal, alertness, and cortical tone. This is brain stem reticular formation input. b. Reticular nucleus i. Reticular m ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... associated with emotional processes, as well as low-level spinal and brainstem autonomic structures. The latter innervate peripheral autonomic organs, whose activity is markedly increased during emotional arousal. Results: We first determined if pathways linking the orbitofrontal cortex with the hyp ...
... associated with emotional processes, as well as low-level spinal and brainstem autonomic structures. The latter innervate peripheral autonomic organs, whose activity is markedly increased during emotional arousal. Results: We first determined if pathways linking the orbitofrontal cortex with the hyp ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Rolls and co-workers have shown that the primary taste cortex in the primate anterior insula and adjoining frontal operculum contains not only taste neurons tuned to sweet, salt, bitter, sour(12–14) and umami as exemplified by monosodium glutamate (MSG)(15,16) but also other neurons that encode oral ...
... Rolls and co-workers have shown that the primary taste cortex in the primate anterior insula and adjoining frontal operculum contains not only taste neurons tuned to sweet, salt, bitter, sour(12–14) and umami as exemplified by monosodium glutamate (MSG)(15,16) but also other neurons that encode oral ...
PDF
... instructive error signals. These error signals are thought to be conveyed by dopamine neurons. To test whether orbitofrontal cortex contributes to these error signals, we recorded from dopamine neurons in orbitofrontal-lesioned rats performing a reward learning task. Lesions caused marked changes in ...
... instructive error signals. These error signals are thought to be conveyed by dopamine neurons. To test whether orbitofrontal cortex contributes to these error signals, we recorded from dopamine neurons in orbitofrontal-lesioned rats performing a reward learning task. Lesions caused marked changes in ...
Computational cognitive neuroscience: 10. Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
... • The PFC encodes information in an active state through sustained neural firing, which is more flexible and rapidly updatable than using synaptic weight changes. • The basal BG drives updating (dynamic gating) of PFC active memory states. • Phasic dopamine signals from midbrain nuclei have the righ ...
... • The PFC encodes information in an active state through sustained neural firing, which is more flexible and rapidly updatable than using synaptic weight changes. • The basal BG drives updating (dynamic gating) of PFC active memory states. • Phasic dopamine signals from midbrain nuclei have the righ ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... D. Xiao, H. Barbas / Thalamus & Related Systems 2 (2002) 21–32 ...
... D. Xiao, H. Barbas / Thalamus & Related Systems 2 (2002) 21–32 ...
striatum
... Ventral striatum Ventral pallidum / subst. Nigra Thalamus (mediodorsal nc.) – Prefrontal cortex Circuit might be crucial for the learning and executionof reward – related behavior ...
... Ventral striatum Ventral pallidum / subst. Nigra Thalamus (mediodorsal nc.) – Prefrontal cortex Circuit might be crucial for the learning and executionof reward – related behavior ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... Despite the ecological relevance of outcome-specific predictive coding, which can be observed even in Drosophila (1), most research in human and nonhuman primates has focused on “common currency” signals of economic values in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (2, 3) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex ( ...
... Despite the ecological relevance of outcome-specific predictive coding, which can be observed even in Drosophila (1), most research in human and nonhuman primates has focused on “common currency” signals of economic values in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (2, 3) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex ( ...
The Discovery of the Reward Pathway
... consequences. This behavior is reinforcing, or rewarding, as we have just discussed. A major feature of addiction is the loss of control in limiting intake of the addictive substance. The most recent research indicates that the reward pathway may be even more important in the craving associated with ...
... consequences. This behavior is reinforcing, or rewarding, as we have just discussed. A major feature of addiction is the loss of control in limiting intake of the addictive substance. The most recent research indicates that the reward pathway may be even more important in the craving associated with ...
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of both humans and non-human primates. A related area is found in rodents.