Cortical sensorimotor alterations classify clinical phenotype and
... whether any of these reported brain abnormalities may be considered as a neuroimaging marker(s) for SD prediction and diagnostic differentiation. This is partly due to the fact that the majority of studies have focused on mapping brain alterations in the most common sporadic adductor form of SD, thus ...
... whether any of these reported brain abnormalities may be considered as a neuroimaging marker(s) for SD prediction and diagnostic differentiation. This is partly due to the fact that the majority of studies have focused on mapping brain alterations in the most common sporadic adductor form of SD, thus ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... (preferred vs nonpreferred direction) for GO trials (blue) or STOP trials (red) analyzed by sliding a 100 ms window every 10 ms (t test, p ⬍ 0.01). Left-most arrows depict average latency to unpoke after GO cue illumination for STOP trials (red arrowheads; FAST ⫽ 397 ms; SLOW ⫽ 330 ms) and GO trials ...
... (preferred vs nonpreferred direction) for GO trials (blue) or STOP trials (red) analyzed by sliding a 100 ms window every 10 ms (t test, p ⬍ 0.01). Left-most arrows depict average latency to unpoke after GO cue illumination for STOP trials (red arrowheads; FAST ⫽ 397 ms; SLOW ⫽ 330 ms) and GO trials ...
Multimodal functional and structural neuroimaging investigation of major depressive
... The pre-specified primary outcome measure was the mean percentage signal change in functional MRI BOLD contrast response from baseline to week 12 in the mean of the right and left amygdalae, in response to sad facial affect processing, comparing MDD and healthy participants. The sample size for the ...
... The pre-specified primary outcome measure was the mean percentage signal change in functional MRI BOLD contrast response from baseline to week 12 in the mean of the right and left amygdalae, in response to sad facial affect processing, comparing MDD and healthy participants. The sample size for the ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... behaviors, are reflected in the organization, physiology, and connections between areas of frontal cortex and in their projections through basal ganglia circuits. This comprises a series of parallel pathways. However, this model does not address how information flows between circuits thereby develop ...
... behaviors, are reflected in the organization, physiology, and connections between areas of frontal cortex and in their projections through basal ganglia circuits. This comprises a series of parallel pathways. However, this model does not address how information flows between circuits thereby develop ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Global Anatomy Home Page
... friends of patients is an alteration in emotional expression and personality. Such changes are usually associated with damage to the prefrontal cortex, although they can also occur from damage to other cortical areas or subcortical structures (see olfactory-limbic system lecture notes). The prefront ...
... friends of patients is an alteration in emotional expression and personality. Such changes are usually associated with damage to the prefrontal cortex, although they can also occur from damage to other cortical areas or subcortical structures (see olfactory-limbic system lecture notes). The prefront ...
THE NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION Ralph F
... modality-specific regions of cerebral cortex with which they have reciprocal connections. 5. The medial thalamic nuclei have reciprocal connections with the prefrontal cortex and are involved in behavior and memory. 6. The pulvinar and lateral posterior nuclei together coordinate with the lateral ge ...
... modality-specific regions of cerebral cortex with which they have reciprocal connections. 5. The medial thalamic nuclei have reciprocal connections with the prefrontal cortex and are involved in behavior and memory. 6. The pulvinar and lateral posterior nuclei together coordinate with the lateral ge ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... slides were then dehydrated through increasing concentrations of ethanol, cleared with Citrisolv, and coverslipped under Permount. For immunohistochemistry, we used a mouse monoclonal antibody against GAD67 (MAB5406, clone 1G10.2; lot #LV1721349; Millipore, Bedford, MA). This antibody was raised aga ...
... slides were then dehydrated through increasing concentrations of ethanol, cleared with Citrisolv, and coverslipped under Permount. For immunohistochemistry, we used a mouse monoclonal antibody against GAD67 (MAB5406, clone 1G10.2; lot #LV1721349; Millipore, Bedford, MA). This antibody was raised aga ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... the entorhinal cortex (EC); see Fig. 1A–I, and yellow shading in Fig. 2]. Other areas have a more subtle modularity, which is obvious only in tangential sections (e.g. rostral cingulate ...
... the entorhinal cortex (EC); see Fig. 1A–I, and yellow shading in Fig. 2]. Other areas have a more subtle modularity, which is obvious only in tangential sections (e.g. rostral cingulate ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... as with the amygdala (e.g. Barbas, 1993; Carmichael and Price, 1995b; Stefanacci et al., 1996; Barbas et al., 1999; RempelClower and Barbas, 2000). This comparison was ¢rst made across cases by injecting BDA in anterior temporal visual association area /anterior temporal auditory association area (T ...
... as with the amygdala (e.g. Barbas, 1993; Carmichael and Price, 1995b; Stefanacci et al., 1996; Barbas et al., 1999; RempelClower and Barbas, 2000). This comparison was ¢rst made across cases by injecting BDA in anterior temporal visual association area /anterior temporal auditory association area (T ...
Separate neural pathways process different decision costs
... both costs and benefits before deciding. All rats rapidly switched to selecting the HRA on the majority of trials (Fig. 4, block D; main effects of block, C vs. D [F1,29 ¼ 78.14; P ¼ 0.000]), so that by day 3 of testing, all rats were choosing the HRA option on almost every trial. That the OFC-lesio ...
... both costs and benefits before deciding. All rats rapidly switched to selecting the HRA on the majority of trials (Fig. 4, block D; main effects of block, C vs. D [F1,29 ¼ 78.14; P ¼ 0.000]), so that by day 3 of testing, all rats were choosing the HRA option on almost every trial. That the OFC-lesio ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Contour Integration through Synchronized Firing
... Pettet, McKee, & Grzywacz, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) and computational models (Yen & Finkel, 1997; Li, 1998; Yen & Finkel, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) suggest that contour integration in the visual cortex may be due to interaction of neurons with similar orientation tuning. The models perform in ...
... Pettet, McKee, & Grzywacz, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) and computational models (Yen & Finkel, 1997; Li, 1998; Yen & Finkel, 1998; Geisler & Super, 2000) suggest that contour integration in the visual cortex may be due to interaction of neurons with similar orientation tuning. The models perform in ...
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
... by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992). Rolls and colleagues have analyzed the rules by which orbitofrontal olfactory representations are formed and operate in pri ...
... by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992). Rolls and colleagues have analyzed the rules by which orbitofrontal olfactory representations are formed and operate in pri ...
1 Neural Affective Decision Theory: Choices, Brains, and Emotions
... additions regarding neural response characteristics and the complexity of emotional arousal encoding. This version of the model we call ANDREA, for Affective Neuroscience of Decision through Reward-based Evaluation of Alternatives. Our model applies the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF) developed ...
... additions regarding neural response characteristics and the complexity of emotional arousal encoding. This version of the model we call ANDREA, for Affective Neuroscience of Decision through Reward-based Evaluation of Alternatives. Our model applies the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF) developed ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... frequencies (red) and low frequencies (blue). HG, Heschl’s gyrus (anterior). (b) Average mirror-symmetric tontopic organization from data analyzed directly using cortical-surface techniques. Regions H1 and H2 are tuned to high frequencies, region L1 is tuned to low frequencies. Intermediate regions ...
... frequencies (red) and low frequencies (blue). HG, Heschl’s gyrus (anterior). (b) Average mirror-symmetric tontopic organization from data analyzed directly using cortical-surface techniques. Regions H1 and H2 are tuned to high frequencies, region L1 is tuned to low frequencies. Intermediate regions ...
CORTICAL AFFERENT INPUT TO THE PRINCIPALS REGION OF THE RHESUS MONKEY H.
... are truly polysensory, with the majority responding either to visual or auditory stimuli, but not both.24-31-39 In addition to this partial segregation of modalities at the single-cell level, there are also regional variations within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as demonstrated by physiologic ...
... are truly polysensory, with the majority responding either to visual or auditory stimuli, but not both.24-31-39 In addition to this partial segregation of modalities at the single-cell level, there are also regional variations within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as demonstrated by physiologic ...
The cortical language circuit: from auditory perception to sentence
... posterior portion of BA 45. It appears that reordering of clearly marked phrases mainly involves the pars opercularis (BA 44), whereas the (re)computation of arguments that are moved from subordinate sentence parts recruit the posterior portion of BA 45 bordering BA 44. As to sentential semantic asp ...
... posterior portion of BA 45. It appears that reordering of clearly marked phrases mainly involves the pars opercularis (BA 44), whereas the (re)computation of arguments that are moved from subordinate sentence parts recruit the posterior portion of BA 45 bordering BA 44. As to sentential semantic asp ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... The most important elements are striatum and cerebral cortex. Especially in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neurons of the striatum there is capacity for plastic changes relating to the control of broadly defined mental functions (motor, emotional, cognitive). The cerebra ...
... The most important elements are striatum and cerebral cortex. Especially in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neurons of the striatum there is capacity for plastic changes relating to the control of broadly defined mental functions (motor, emotional, cognitive). The cerebra ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... to area 4 in the cortex. Other nuclei get more elaborated sensory, motor or emotional signals from further subcortical s t r u c t u r e s - the superior colliculus, globus pallidus, amygdala, mammilary nuclei, e t c . - but, by and large, their largest input is from the cortex itself, via the recip ...
... to area 4 in the cortex. Other nuclei get more elaborated sensory, motor or emotional signals from further subcortical s t r u c t u r e s - the superior colliculus, globus pallidus, amygdala, mammilary nuclei, e t c . - but, by and large, their largest input is from the cortex itself, via the recip ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... to area 4 in the cortex. Other nuclei get more elaborated sensory, motor or emotional signals from further subcortical s t r u c t u r e s - the superior colliculus, globus pallidus, amygdala, mammilary nuclei, e t c . - but, by and large, their largest input is from the cortex itself, via the recip ...
... to area 4 in the cortex. Other nuclei get more elaborated sensory, motor or emotional signals from further subcortical s t r u c t u r e s - the superior colliculus, globus pallidus, amygdala, mammilary nuclei, e t c . - but, by and large, their largest input is from the cortex itself, via the recip ...
Sample pages PDF
... The periaqueductal gray matter is situated in the midbrain’s center around the Sylvius acqueduct connecting the third and the fourth ventricles. This gray substance plays an important role in pain control and defensive behaviors. ...
... The periaqueductal gray matter is situated in the midbrain’s center around the Sylvius acqueduct connecting the third and the fourth ventricles. This gray substance plays an important role in pain control and defensive behaviors. ...
The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans
... The large size and complex organization of the human brain makes it unique among primate brains. In particular, the neocortex constitutes about 80% of the brain, and this cortex is subdivided into a large number of functionally specialized regions, the cortical areas. Such a brain mediates accomplis ...
... The large size and complex organization of the human brain makes it unique among primate brains. In particular, the neocortex constitutes about 80% of the brain, and this cortex is subdivided into a large number of functionally specialized regions, the cortical areas. Such a brain mediates accomplis ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... impairments in reversal learning and extinction of learned responses (Butter, 1969; McEnaney and Butter, 1969). They also show problems in social and motivational behaviors (Fuster, 1997), such as changed food preferences (Baylis and Gaffan, 1991). Neurophysiological studies have indicated that prim ...
... impairments in reversal learning and extinction of learned responses (Butter, 1969; McEnaney and Butter, 1969). They also show problems in social and motivational behaviors (Fuster, 1997), such as changed food preferences (Baylis and Gaffan, 1991). Neurophysiological studies have indicated that prim ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... composed of small irregular gyri without intervening sulci or with intervening sulci obliterated and bridged by fusion of their superficial cellular layers (particularly the molecular one). Occasionally, polymicrogyria may have many small or widened gyri separated by shallow sulci (microsulci) (1). ...
... composed of small irregular gyri without intervening sulci or with intervening sulci obliterated and bridged by fusion of their superficial cellular layers (particularly the molecular one). Occasionally, polymicrogyria may have many small or widened gyri separated by shallow sulci (microsulci) (1). ...
Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)—specifically impair choice behavior. In essence, the brain actually computes values when subjects make economic choices. To appreciate the significance of this proposition, it is helpful to step back and consider a historical and th ...
... orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)—specifically impair choice behavior. In essence, the brain actually computes values when subjects make economic choices. To appreciate the significance of this proposition, it is helpful to step back and consider a historical and th ...
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of both humans and non-human primates. A related area is found in rodents.