THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... known that the posterior cingulate cortex activates in healthy humans when they are retrieving memories from autobiographical episodic memory (Maddock, Garrett, & Buonocore, 2001). However, if information is retrieved from episodic memory but not from autobiographical memory, this area of the brain ...
... known that the posterior cingulate cortex activates in healthy humans when they are retrieving memories from autobiographical episodic memory (Maddock, Garrett, & Buonocore, 2001). However, if information is retrieved from episodic memory but not from autobiographical memory, this area of the brain ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... ceased waiting for possible future rewards • When an expected water reward was suddenly omitted for several continuous trials, 5-HT neural activity also dropped ...
... ceased waiting for possible future rewards • When an expected water reward was suddenly omitted for several continuous trials, 5-HT neural activity also dropped ...
Structural and functional brain network correlates of depressive
... premanifest stage [Julien et al., 2007]. Neuroimaging studies have identified specific brain variations associated with depression in HD including gray matter volume loss and white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in the rostral anterior cingulate [Hobbs et al., 2011; Sprengelmeyer et al., ...
... premanifest stage [Julien et al., 2007]. Neuroimaging studies have identified specific brain variations associated with depression in HD including gray matter volume loss and white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in the rostral anterior cingulate [Hobbs et al., 2011; Sprengelmeyer et al., ...
Representation in the Human Brain of Food Texture and Oral Fat
... Important factors that influence food palatability are its texture and fat content. We investigated their representation in the human brain using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. It was shown that the viscosity of oral stimuli is represented in the (primary) taste cortex in the a ...
... Important factors that influence food palatability are its texture and fat content. We investigated their representation in the human brain using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. It was shown that the viscosity of oral stimuli is represented in the (primary) taste cortex in the a ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... and insular cortices (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007) are intimately involved in rapid on-line adjustments in control. According to Menon and Uddin (2010) for example, the AI and dACC are core members of a larger salience network that rapidly activates to stimuli of potential motivationa ...
... and insular cortices (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007) are intimately involved in rapid on-line adjustments in control. According to Menon and Uddin (2010) for example, the AI and dACC are core members of a larger salience network that rapidly activates to stimuli of potential motivationa ...
Alcoholism - Boston University Medical Campus
... cerebral hemispheres is important because, although both cerebral hemispheres contain EROS circuitry, their specific functions may be lateralized to reflect differential hemispheric sensitivities to stimulus materials (e.g., linguistic vs. visuospatial) and task demands (e.g., attention, perception, m ...
... cerebral hemispheres is important because, although both cerebral hemispheres contain EROS circuitry, their specific functions may be lateralized to reflect differential hemispheric sensitivities to stimulus materials (e.g., linguistic vs. visuospatial) and task demands (e.g., attention, perception, m ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... (PL) in cognition and their interactions in goal-directed behaviors in the rat. The PL strongly interconnects with a relatively small group of structures that, like PL, subserve cognition, and together have been designated the ‘PL circuit.’ These structures primarily include the hippocampus, insular ...
... (PL) in cognition and their interactions in goal-directed behaviors in the rat. The PL strongly interconnects with a relatively small group of structures that, like PL, subserve cognition, and together have been designated the ‘PL circuit.’ These structures primarily include the hippocampus, insular ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
Neuropsychologia fMRI evidence for strategic decision
... and grammatical information such as a verb’s bias. In one fMRI study investigating the role of gender cues during German pronoun resolution, Hammer et al. (2007) compared sentences containing pronouns that have a congruent structure with a matching noun and pronoun gender (e.g., “The woman is popula ...
... and grammatical information such as a verb’s bias. In one fMRI study investigating the role of gender cues during German pronoun resolution, Hammer et al. (2007) compared sentences containing pronouns that have a congruent structure with a matching noun and pronoun gender (e.g., “The woman is popula ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... reticulata; VL, ventrolateral; VA, ventroanterior; DM, dorsomedial; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; BLA, basolateral amygdala. ...
... reticulata; VL, ventrolateral; VA, ventroanterior; DM, dorsomedial; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; BLA, basolateral amygdala. ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... and ACC in BD appears appropriate because both regions are involved in normal mood regulation, as supported by studies of healthy volunteers. Increased activity in the right ACC, bilateral frontal and prefrontal cortices,11 and DLPFC12 has been observed during transient induced sadness in healthy vo ...
... and ACC in BD appears appropriate because both regions are involved in normal mood regulation, as supported by studies of healthy volunteers. Increased activity in the right ACC, bilateral frontal and prefrontal cortices,11 and DLPFC12 has been observed during transient induced sadness in healthy vo ...
The Dopamine Transporter and Risk-Taking Behavior
... study sought to analyze the relationship between the dopamine transporter (DAT) and riskingrelated functioning as assessed with two tasks. In one task, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure brain activity during a monetary feedback task. In the second task, risk-taking behavior w ...
... study sought to analyze the relationship between the dopamine transporter (DAT) and riskingrelated functioning as assessed with two tasks. In one task, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure brain activity during a monetary feedback task. In the second task, risk-taking behavior w ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
Goal-direction and top-down control
... the cortex are weaker and synapse on the dendrites. Thus, DA may play a strong role in gating plasticity in the striatum while having a more subtle influence in the cortex [15]. We suggest this difference in the way DA influences plasticity in the striatum and PFC leads to a difference in how associ ...
... the cortex are weaker and synapse on the dendrites. Thus, DA may play a strong role in gating plasticity in the striatum while having a more subtle influence in the cortex [15]. We suggest this difference in the way DA influences plasticity in the striatum and PFC leads to a difference in how associ ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... areas provide cognitive, sensory or motivational inputs for motor behavior, whereas the motor areas are concerned with more concrete aspects of movement (e.g. muscle patterns). Two important differences in the anatomical connections of the SMA and pre-SMA support this view. First, only the SMA is di ...
... areas provide cognitive, sensory or motivational inputs for motor behavior, whereas the motor areas are concerned with more concrete aspects of movement (e.g. muscle patterns). Two important differences in the anatomical connections of the SMA and pre-SMA support this view. First, only the SMA is di ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... independently of visual experience, and that the selectivity of interactions results from pruning of initially exuberant connections. It is suggested that this pruning process is dependent on activity and influenced by visual experience. ...
... independently of visual experience, and that the selectivity of interactions results from pruning of initially exuberant connections. It is suggested that this pruning process is dependent on activity and influenced by visual experience. ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... Abstract The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementa ...
... Abstract The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementa ...
connections of the cerebral cortex
... cortical areas. F o r this reason a number of brains have been oriented in such a manner that every part of the cortex is sectioned in a truly radial direction in one or other example. Tlie report of this investigation will be divided into two parts, which form separate papers. The part A, forming t ...
... cortical areas. F o r this reason a number of brains have been oriented in such a manner that every part of the cortex is sectioned in a truly radial direction in one or other example. Tlie report of this investigation will be divided into two parts, which form separate papers. The part A, forming t ...
Projections from the superior temporal sulcus to the agranular frontal
... Several electrophysiological studies have shown that neurons in area STP have complex sensory properties. Firstly, although STP neurons are predominantly purely visual, a signi®cant proportion of them have also somatosensory and/or auditory responses (Bruce et al., 1981; Bayliss et al., 1987). Secon ...
... Several electrophysiological studies have shown that neurons in area STP have complex sensory properties. Firstly, although STP neurons are predominantly purely visual, a signi®cant proportion of them have also somatosensory and/or auditory responses (Bruce et al., 1981; Bayliss et al., 1987). Secon ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... we will see in the next section, the rhinal cortices do more than merely relay synchronous activity between neocortex and hippocampus. Rather, they support a gating mechanism whose properties remain to be identified. In spite of the demonstration of well-defined reciprocal connections between tempor ...
... we will see in the next section, the rhinal cortices do more than merely relay synchronous activity between neocortex and hippocampus. Rather, they support a gating mechanism whose properties remain to be identified. In spite of the demonstration of well-defined reciprocal connections between tempor ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... response. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study sought to elucidate the supramodal network of brain areas that supports goal-directed stimulus-response processing by examining the neural activity elicited during the processing of simple auditory and visu ...
... response. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study sought to elucidate the supramodal network of brain areas that supports goal-directed stimulus-response processing by examining the neural activity elicited during the processing of simple auditory and visu ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type would be lost ...
... • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type would be lost ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... control the muscles. In imaging experiments, the midcingulate motor area is strongly activated when the subject performs the precision grip in which the thumb and index finger grasp an object (Ehrsson and others 2000). Only humans and some monkeys and apes can perform the precision grip, which is ne ...
... control the muscles. In imaging experiments, the midcingulate motor area is strongly activated when the subject performs the precision grip in which the thumb and index finger grasp an object (Ehrsson and others 2000). Only humans and some monkeys and apes can perform the precision grip, which is ne ...
The Thalamus
... Recognition of the thalamus as a sensory relay centre occurred during the 18th century, largely from observations of human patients suffering from diencephalic lesions. There was, however, also a school of thought that saw it as a part of the basal ganglia and therefore as a motor relay centre. As e ...
... Recognition of the thalamus as a sensory relay centre occurred during the 18th century, largely from observations of human patients suffering from diencephalic lesions. There was, however, also a school of thought that saw it as a part of the basal ganglia and therefore as a motor relay centre. As e ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... suprageniculate (SG) nuclei of the thalamus, in addition to the magnocellular (MGm) and anterior dorsal (AD) divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus. There is also an input from a population of neurons in the ventral posterior complex (VP), which is the main thalamic relay for the somatosensory s ...
... suprageniculate (SG) nuclei of the thalamus, in addition to the magnocellular (MGm) and anterior dorsal (AD) divisions of the medial geniculate nucleus. There is also an input from a population of neurons in the ventral posterior complex (VP), which is the main thalamic relay for the somatosensory s ...
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of both humans and non-human primates. A related area is found in rodents.