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Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area

... 0.6 –1.2 M⍀ at 1 kHz) (Suzuki and Azuma, 1976). Higher current intensities were used for mapping the pre-SMA (up to 80 ␮A). The stimulus intensity was monitored by an isolated current probe that measured the current passing through the wire to the microelectrode. Microelectrode penetrations, spaced ...
Leptin: A metabolic signal affecting central regulation of
Leptin: A metabolic signal affecting central regulation of

... in plasma to reflect increased adipose tissue mass [12]. However, leptin levels did not increase dramatically following acute feeding. Conversely, leptin concentrations in plasma and adipose tissue rapidly and profoundly decreased as a result of food deprivation and negative energy balance, see revi ...
View Full Page PDF
View Full Page PDF

... field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on a single eastward run. Ticks above the spikes indicate 0°/360° phase for each theta cycle. Bursts of spikes occur at higher than theta frequency ca ...
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep
The Study of Brain Activity in Sleep

... learning cycle. The hypothesis of synaptic potentiations suggests that locally regulated sleep-related events may help potentiating (up-scaling) specific connections in order to favor memory consolidation. ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical

... field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on a single eastward run. Ticks above the spikes indicate 0°/360° phase for each theta cycle. Bursts of spikes occur at higher than theta frequency ca ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms

... really relayed at hypothalamic and limbic levels. The mentioned interaction may well take place in centers e.g. at bulbar levels whose functions are affected by and dependent on both types of influences. There is however, neuroanatomical evidence for connections between the cerebellum and the hypoth ...
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of

... about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation associated with spontaneous low-frequency ...
Effects of Brain Damage (cont`d.)
Effects of Brain Damage (cont`d.)

... The Spinal Cord (cont’d.) • The spinal cord is comprised of: • Grey matter: located in the center of the spinal cord and is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites • White matter: composed mostly of myelinated axons that carries information from the gray matter to the brain or other areas of ...
Reuss 9..48
Reuss 9..48

... parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of phase. A general problem could further be that ma ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
- Journal of Vestibular Research

... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat

... single nucleus, the extent of reciprocal relations between corticothalamic and thalamocortical connections, and to contrast and compare the patterns of auditory corticogeniculate projections with corticofugal input to the inferior colliculus. The main findings were that (1) single areas showed a wid ...
Document
Document

... experiences of the previous day and allow our physiological systems to prepare for the next active period. Throughout this repeating daily cycle, it is our biological clock system that coordinates that our physiological, mental and metabolic systems are at all times optimally prepared for the changi ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human

... that should be fulfilled by voxels containing significant fractions of M neurons. The first criterion was high contrast sensitivity. We expected that voxels containing M neurons would be responsive to low stimulus contrast and should Figure 1. Visual stimuli. The stimuli were contrast-reversing chec ...


... lipofuscinosis (JNCL) [4,5], a fatal paediatric storage disorder. JNCL, also known as Batten disease, is one of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of at least eight genetically distinct lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) [6]. These autosomal recessive disorders (CLN1–CLN8) commonly p ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX

... Directed By: ...
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal
stimulant treatment history predicts frontal-striatal

... Segal,  1997;  Volkow  et  al.,  2001).  Magnetic  resonance  imaging  (MRI)  techniques  offer   non-­‐invasive,   accessible,   and   versatile   tools   to   study   stimulant   effects   in   the   developing   human   brain.   Especially   functional   MRI   studies   investigating   acute   st ...
Csercsa Richárd
Csercsa Richárd

INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN

... Following a survival time of 10^12 days to allow transneuronal transport of the tritiated label to geniculocortical terminals, animals were prepared for single-unit electrophysiology (described below). Following the end of the recording session, animals were perfused with 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M ...
The Influence of Retinal Afferents Upon the Development of Layers
The Influence of Retinal Afferents Upon the Development of Layers

... medial interlaminar nucleus is also poorly defined on this side, the nucleus being recognizable by its elongated cells, not by any cellfree border region. The. results illustrated in figures 7 and 8 for a monocular mink have been confirmed by observations of six ferrets in which one eye had been rem ...
Brain glycine receptors as a common target for alcohol and
Brain glycine receptors as a common target for alcohol and

... PREFACE ...........................................................................................................................10 ...
Neurological characterization of mice deficient in GSK3α highlight
Neurological characterization of mice deficient in GSK3α highlight

... of myelinated axons, bundled in the temporoammonic pathway that originates in the entorhinal cortex and projects onto dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. These strata in the CA1 region remain to be explored in detail, because they are proposed to be affected early in AD by “dendritic amputation” [32 ...
The Emerging Roles of Oxytocin in Rhythmic Prolactin Release
The Emerging Roles of Oxytocin in Rhythmic Prolactin Release

... return when the OT antagonist leaves the system. That is, OT at the lactotroph is required for the expression of the rhythm, but not for triggering the rhythm. ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus

... Three sets of visual stimuli were used. 1) A small gray dot (0.5° in visual angle) was used as fixation spot. This was located directly in front of the monkeys at the center of the screen. 2) Eight twodimensional (8.5 ⫻ 8.5°) black-and-white patterns were used as stimuli presented in the DMS trials ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the

Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus

... The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the upper brainstem and has an irregular shape delimited by the borders of its population of cholinergic neurons. The PPN has been conserved in evolution across species and is present in early mammals and amphibians (Marin et al., 1998; Grillner et al ...
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Aging brain

Age is a major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative diseases, including Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and Lou Gehrig's disease. While much research has focused on diseases of aging, there are few informative studies on the molecular biology of the aging brain (usually spelled ageing brain in British English) in the absence of neurodegenerative disease or the neuropsychological profile of healthy older adults. However, research does suggest that the aging process is associated with several structural, chemical, and functional changes in the brain as well as a host of neurocognitive changes. Recent reports in model organisms suggest that as organisms age, there are distinct changes in the expression of genes at the single neuron level. This page is devoted to reviewing the changes associated with healthy aging.
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