Basal Ganglia YAYDAR 2012-2013
... Determining the timing and scale of movement: to what extent the movement will be fast, and how long it will last. Storage of motor programs of familiar motor actions: e.g. signature. ...
... Determining the timing and scale of movement: to what extent the movement will be fast, and how long it will last. Storage of motor programs of familiar motor actions: e.g. signature. ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... schemes but also in elucidating mechanisms by which these schemes can be decoded. Even though more information could be encoded in random patterns that are measured very precisely, the time constants of pyramidal cortical neurons (e.g., 7.3 { 2.9 ms for dendrites and 16 { 5.3 ms for the soma; means ...
... schemes but also in elucidating mechanisms by which these schemes can be decoded. Even though more information could be encoded in random patterns that are measured very precisely, the time constants of pyramidal cortical neurons (e.g., 7.3 { 2.9 ms for dendrites and 16 { 5.3 ms for the soma; means ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... of neural circuits? Below, we describe a potential anatomical substrate—the amygdala– prefrontal circuit—for emotional-cognitive interactions in the brain and how neurons in these areas could dynamically contribute to a subject’s mental state. First, we review the bidirectional connections between t ...
... of neural circuits? Below, we describe a potential anatomical substrate—the amygdala– prefrontal circuit—for emotional-cognitive interactions in the brain and how neurons in these areas could dynamically contribute to a subject’s mental state. First, we review the bidirectional connections between t ...
Memory Consolidation and REM Sleep
... and Dement and suggested that repetitive firing of neurons during REM sleep in human fetuses was associated with neuron growth and development, and this synaptic reinforcement continued in adult life during REM sleep. This landmark concept lead to the theory of dynamic stabilization which speculates ...
... and Dement and suggested that repetitive firing of neurons during REM sleep in human fetuses was associated with neuron growth and development, and this synaptic reinforcement continued in adult life during REM sleep. This landmark concept lead to the theory of dynamic stabilization which speculates ...
Auditory Hallucinations as a Separate Entitity
... to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consistent with their electrophysiological properties, behavioral experiments have demonstrated that both the auditory thalamus and the area surrounding including the AAr are involved in auditory orienting behavior2. These behaviors are m ...
... to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consistent with their electrophysiological properties, behavioral experiments have demonstrated that both the auditory thalamus and the area surrounding including the AAr are involved in auditory orienting behavior2. These behaviors are m ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
... layers 1 and 2 are magnocellular layers, while the remaining dorsal layers 3 through 6 are parvocellular layers. Layers 1, 4, and 6 of the left LGN are connected to the glaucomatous right eye, while layers 2, 3, and 5 are connected to the nonglaucomatous left eye. To determine whether neurons are lo ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... cellular levels of neurotransmitters including ACh, amines, adenosine, NO, peptides, amino acids, and other endogenous molecules. The experience derived from the cortical cup experiments was transferred to microdialysis, and it has never been questioned that ACh detected in the dialysate originates ...
... cellular levels of neurotransmitters including ACh, amines, adenosine, NO, peptides, amino acids, and other endogenous molecules. The experience derived from the cortical cup experiments was transferred to microdialysis, and it has never been questioned that ACh detected in the dialysate originates ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... 1986; Ts’o et al. 1990) offers both vastly increased spatial sampling density and the potential to sample cortical responses to a larger stimulus repertoire in a single experiment than is possible with microelectrode mapping, making it a promising alternative approach for studying the physiological ...
... 1986; Ts’o et al. 1990) offers both vastly increased spatial sampling density and the potential to sample cortical responses to a larger stimulus repertoire in a single experiment than is possible with microelectrode mapping, making it a promising alternative approach for studying the physiological ...
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in
... 1986; Ts’o et al. 1990) offers both vastly increased spatial sampling density and the potential to sample cortical responses to a larger stimulus repertoire in a single experiment than is possible with microelectrode mapping, making it a promising alternative approach for studying the physiological ...
... 1986; Ts’o et al. 1990) offers both vastly increased spatial sampling density and the potential to sample cortical responses to a larger stimulus repertoire in a single experiment than is possible with microelectrode mapping, making it a promising alternative approach for studying the physiological ...
Representation of Movement
... Representation of Movement N S C Price and R T Born, Harvard Medical School, ...
... Representation of Movement N S C Price and R T Born, Harvard Medical School, ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... Perinatal asphyxia is a major problem often leading to neurodevelopment deficits or disabilities, such as learning difficulties, language and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorders and cerebral palsy in newborn infants [25]. It is also a notable risk factor for hearing impairment that affected n ...
... Perinatal asphyxia is a major problem often leading to neurodevelopment deficits or disabilities, such as learning difficulties, language and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorders and cerebral palsy in newborn infants [25]. It is also a notable risk factor for hearing impairment that affected n ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... connectivity. A mostly midline network of correlated intrinsic brain activity is active during rest and deactive during goal-directed tasks [13,14]. This network has been called both the “baseline state” and the “default mode network (DMN)” [15,16]. The DMN regulates self-referential activities, inc ...
... connectivity. A mostly midline network of correlated intrinsic brain activity is active during rest and deactive during goal-directed tasks [13,14]. This network has been called both the “baseline state” and the “default mode network (DMN)” [15,16]. The DMN regulates self-referential activities, inc ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... critical period, while layers 2/3 show a prolonged propensity to shift receptive field properties in response to peripheral manipulations (Daw et al., 1992; Fox, 1994; Glazewski and Fox, 1996). In contrast to adult mice lacking the a-CaMKII gene, where there is a significant decrease in experience-d ...
... critical period, while layers 2/3 show a prolonged propensity to shift receptive field properties in response to peripheral manipulations (Daw et al., 1992; Fox, 1994; Glazewski and Fox, 1996). In contrast to adult mice lacking the a-CaMKII gene, where there is a significant decrease in experience-d ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... division by zero and determines how responses saturate with increasing driving input, and n is an exponent that amplifies the individual inputs. This operation is called ‘normalization’ by analogy to normalizing a vector. In this vector, each element of the vector is one of the inputs (Dj) and the e ...
... division by zero and determines how responses saturate with increasing driving input, and n is an exponent that amplifies the individual inputs. This operation is called ‘normalization’ by analogy to normalizing a vector. In this vector, each element of the vector is one of the inputs (Dj) and the e ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... Two special types of glial cells, called oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, generate a layer of fatty substances called myelin. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin for the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the pe ...
... Two special types of glial cells, called oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, generate a layer of fatty substances called myelin. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin for the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the pe ...
The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... et al., 2008b). Activations in the lateral and some more anterior parts of the orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with the unpleasantness of the stimuli. In contrast, activations in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posterior insula were correlated with the intensity but not the pleasantness of ...
... et al., 2008b). Activations in the lateral and some more anterior parts of the orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with the unpleasantness of the stimuli. In contrast, activations in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posterior insula were correlated with the intensity but not the pleasantness of ...
Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with
... Abstract A rapidly increasing number of studies are quantifying the system-level network architecture of the human brain based on structural-to-structural and functional-to-functional relationships. However, a largely unexplored area is the nature and existence of ‘‘crossmodal’’ structural–functiona ...
... Abstract A rapidly increasing number of studies are quantifying the system-level network architecture of the human brain based on structural-to-structural and functional-to-functional relationships. However, a largely unexplored area is the nature and existence of ‘‘crossmodal’’ structural–functiona ...
The Precarious Present
... the most severe trauma. This situation may explain the remarkable maturational suspension seen in such syndromes as Borderline Personality Disorder and other severe attachment disorders in which the “self” may be stuck in the first decade of life. ...
... the most severe trauma. This situation may explain the remarkable maturational suspension seen in such syndromes as Borderline Personality Disorder and other severe attachment disorders in which the “self” may be stuck in the first decade of life. ...
PDF
... closely resembles that of the prepared movement, while also often involving activation of the OO and SCM muscles (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; Ravichandran et al., 2013). The major difference between prepared actions that are triggered by innocuous or startling auditory stimuli is the latency of the res ...
... closely resembles that of the prepared movement, while also often involving activation of the OO and SCM muscles (Valls-Solé et al., 1999; Ravichandran et al., 2013). The major difference between prepared actions that are triggered by innocuous or startling auditory stimuli is the latency of the res ...
Temporal fate specification and neural progenitor competence
... layer, Pdm in an intermediate layer and Cas in a more superficial layer. Subsequently, it was shown that most neuroblasts sequentially express Hb, the zinc-finger transcription factor Kruppel (Kr), Pdm and Cas as they undergo multiple rounds of cell division5. Thus, sequential expression of differen ...
... layer, Pdm in an intermediate layer and Cas in a more superficial layer. Subsequently, it was shown that most neuroblasts sequentially express Hb, the zinc-finger transcription factor Kruppel (Kr), Pdm and Cas as they undergo multiple rounds of cell division5. Thus, sequential expression of differen ...
Tau pathology does not affect experience-driven single
... We quantitatively assessed the impact of tangle pathology on the experience-driven Arc responses after a behaviorally relevant, well characterized visual stimulus paradigm [10-13] to determine whether there are cellspecific or network-wide plasticity deficits directly linked to NFTs. We crossed the ...
... We quantitatively assessed the impact of tangle pathology on the experience-driven Arc responses after a behaviorally relevant, well characterized visual stimulus paradigm [10-13] to determine whether there are cellspecific or network-wide plasticity deficits directly linked to NFTs. We crossed the ...
Molecular Basis for Induction of Ocular Dominance
... The LTD model in visual cortex clearly shares many of the key properties of deprivation-induced synaptic depression, and it clearly has considerable explanatory power. It would be unlucky indeed if the eventual understanding of the molecular basis for the developmental decline in LTD did not yield a ...
... The LTD model in visual cortex clearly shares many of the key properties of deprivation-induced synaptic depression, and it clearly has considerable explanatory power. It would be unlucky indeed if the eventual understanding of the molecular basis for the developmental decline in LTD did not yield a ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.