L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... VLPO and MNPO; are active during NREM sleep The neurons in these nuclei contain the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and the inhibitory neuropeptide galanin, and they innervate all the arousalpromoting regions, including the LDT/PPT, LC, DR, TMN, and also the orexin neurons . Thus, the VLPO and MNPO ...
... VLPO and MNPO; are active during NREM sleep The neurons in these nuclei contain the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and the inhibitory neuropeptide galanin, and they innervate all the arousalpromoting regions, including the LDT/PPT, LC, DR, TMN, and also the orexin neurons . Thus, the VLPO and MNPO ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... Animals move their sensors to collect information, and these movements are guided by sensory input. When action sequences are required to achieve success in novel tasks, interactions between movement and sensation underlie motor control1 and complex learned behaviours2. The motor cortex has importan ...
... Animals move their sensors to collect information, and these movements are guided by sensory input. When action sequences are required to achieve success in novel tasks, interactions between movement and sensation underlie motor control1 and complex learned behaviours2. The motor cortex has importan ...
The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following
... Similarly, in the Weld of traumatic brain injury (TBI), dark neurons have been observed as one kind of feature of damaged neurons. The regions where dark neurons appear at a high rate after TBI, such as neocortex, CA3 subWeld and dentate hilus, coincide with the regions where subsequent neuronal dea ...
... Similarly, in the Weld of traumatic brain injury (TBI), dark neurons have been observed as one kind of feature of damaged neurons. The regions where dark neurons appear at a high rate after TBI, such as neocortex, CA3 subWeld and dentate hilus, coincide with the regions where subsequent neuronal dea ...
Broken Mirrors: A Theory of Autism
... Frith of University College London and Simon Baron-Cohen of the University of Cambridge, who posit that the main abnormality in autism is a deficit in the ability to construct a “theory of other minds.” Frith and Baron-Cohen argue that specialized neural circuitry in the brain allows us to create sop ...
... Frith of University College London and Simon Baron-Cohen of the University of Cambridge, who posit that the main abnormality in autism is a deficit in the ability to construct a “theory of other minds.” Frith and Baron-Cohen argue that specialized neural circuitry in the brain allows us to create sop ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... This is thought to be accomplished by striatal input to A8–A10 and projections back to the striatum, being organized in a spiralling fashion, such that information may flow from more medial (limbic) to more lateral (motor) striatal regions (Haber et al. 2000). This striato-nigral loop is paralleled ...
... This is thought to be accomplished by striatal input to A8–A10 and projections back to the striatum, being organized in a spiralling fashion, such that information may flow from more medial (limbic) to more lateral (motor) striatal regions (Haber et al. 2000). This striato-nigral loop is paralleled ...
gross_neuroanatomy-1
... Precuneus is one of the most relevant nodes of the “default mode network” a set of brain regions that exhibit high metabolic consumption and it seems to be associated with conscious processing of stimuli and awareness ...
... Precuneus is one of the most relevant nodes of the “default mode network” a set of brain regions that exhibit high metabolic consumption and it seems to be associated with conscious processing of stimuli and awareness ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
The hippocampo-cortical loop: Spatio
... cortex and the basal ganglia. Finding out how information about space, paths, rewards and behavioral control flows between these cerebral structures could shed light on the processes involved in learning complex navigational tasks in the mammalian brain. In this paper, we present a model that attemp ...
... cortex and the basal ganglia. Finding out how information about space, paths, rewards and behavioral control flows between these cerebral structures could shed light on the processes involved in learning complex navigational tasks in the mammalian brain. In this paper, we present a model that attemp ...
Imaging Brain Slices
... Thalamocortical slices are an ideal preparation to investigate the effect of thalamic inputs onto cortical neurons or circuits because it preserves both structures and connections between the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. Preparation of the thalamocortical slice i ...
... Thalamocortical slices are an ideal preparation to investigate the effect of thalamic inputs onto cortical neurons or circuits because it preserves both structures and connections between the ventrobasal nucleus of the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. Preparation of the thalamocortical slice i ...
The Biological Perspective
... the axon and the myelin sheath, serves as a tunnel through which damaged nerve fibres can repair themselves. That’s why a severed toe might actually regain some function and feeling if sewn back on in time. Unfortunately, axons of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord do not usually have this coa ...
... the axon and the myelin sheath, serves as a tunnel through which damaged nerve fibres can repair themselves. That’s why a severed toe might actually regain some function and feeling if sewn back on in time. Unfortunately, axons of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord do not usually have this coa ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... that linking propositions form some of the necessary elements of that domain. The question then becomes, what kinds of linking propositions do visual scientists use, what are their logical interrelationships and truth-values, and what roles do they play in the structure of modern visual science? In ...
... that linking propositions form some of the necessary elements of that domain. The question then becomes, what kinds of linking propositions do visual scientists use, what are their logical interrelationships and truth-values, and what roles do they play in the structure of modern visual science? In ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... eyes. We further checked whether different types of movements (i.e. scratching, grooming or spontaneous finger flexion movements) were equally effective in triggering neuronal discharge in order to establish whether the activity was related to simple movements or motor acts. Grasping-related respons ...
... eyes. We further checked whether different types of movements (i.e. scratching, grooming or spontaneous finger flexion movements) were equally effective in triggering neuronal discharge in order to establish whether the activity was related to simple movements or motor acts. Grasping-related respons ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... occur in a population of neurons when that population stores new information. In this study, we investigated whether individual neurons in this region alter the degree to which they respond to different stimuli when the set of stimuli starts as novel and is repeated until it becomes familiar. This m ...
... occur in a population of neurons when that population stores new information. In this study, we investigated whether individual neurons in this region alter the degree to which they respond to different stimuli when the set of stimuli starts as novel and is repeated until it becomes familiar. This m ...
Optical Imaging of Neural Structure and Physiology: Confocal
... afforded by confocal microscopy are derived from its ability to collect optical sections of a thick tissue specimen while rejecting light from out-of-focus components of the specimen (Wilson, 1990; Pawley, 1995). These features have made confocal imaging an indispensable tool for analysis of neural ...
... afforded by confocal microscopy are derived from its ability to collect optical sections of a thick tissue specimen while rejecting light from out-of-focus components of the specimen (Wilson, 1990; Pawley, 1995). These features have made confocal imaging an indispensable tool for analysis of neural ...
Use of an Amino-Cupric-Silver Technique for the Detection of Early
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
May 30, 04copy.doc
... Sensory deprivation has been a productive approach to investigate the effects of environmental stimuli on adult and developing brain. Whereas lack of normal excitatory inputs leaves some cortical neurotransmitter systems unaffected (Goodman et al., 1993; Schlaggar et al, 1993), it can lead to down r ...
... Sensory deprivation has been a productive approach to investigate the effects of environmental stimuli on adult and developing brain. Whereas lack of normal excitatory inputs leaves some cortical neurotransmitter systems unaffected (Goodman et al., 1993; Schlaggar et al, 1993), it can lead to down r ...
Laboratory Guide - Sites@Duke
... Lateral aspect of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are relatively large in humans. They are entirely covered by a 2–3-mm thick layer of cells and cellular processes called the cerebral cortex. The surface of each hemisphere is highly infolded; the ridges thus formed are known as gyri (singular: g ...
... Lateral aspect of the brain. The cerebral hemispheres are relatively large in humans. They are entirely covered by a 2–3-mm thick layer of cells and cellular processes called the cerebral cortex. The surface of each hemisphere is highly infolded; the ridges thus formed are known as gyri (singular: g ...
Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity Based on
... reticulata; VL, ventrolateral; VA, ventroanterior; DM, dorsomedial; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; BLA, basolateral amygdala. ...
... reticulata; VL, ventrolateral; VA, ventroanterior; DM, dorsomedial; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; BLA, basolateral amygdala. ...
Nervous System I - Union County College
... • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form ...
... • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to another form ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... If all neurons in the ®rst group are activated synchronously, they will cause the neurons of the second group to ®re synchronously and so on. Thus, each activated group will pass a spike volley on to the next group. This process will continue, until either the chain comes to an end, or other (e.g. i ...
... If all neurons in the ®rst group are activated synchronously, they will cause the neurons of the second group to ®re synchronously and so on. Thus, each activated group will pass a spike volley on to the next group. This process will continue, until either the chain comes to an end, or other (e.g. i ...
ROBOTICS IN FUTURE WARFARE
... 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict w ...
... 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict w ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... or S2 was at a leftward, an identical, or a rightward position relative to S1, regardless of changes in pitch. They directly compared the changes in hemodynamic responses obtained during the pitch task with changes in the responses obtained during the location task. Primary auditory cortices, extend ...
... or S2 was at a leftward, an identical, or a rightward position relative to S1, regardless of changes in pitch. They directly compared the changes in hemodynamic responses obtained during the pitch task with changes in the responses obtained during the location task. Primary auditory cortices, extend ...
Studies of the Role of the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation
... maximal change 5.1 ms), while the other two caused no effect and a decrease in duration (3.4 ms). Because the duration of the vertical component increased slightly without an associated decrease in peak velocity for five of eight injections, the amplitude of the vertical component increased for thes ...
... maximal change 5.1 ms), while the other two caused no effect and a decrease in duration (3.4 ms). Because the duration of the vertical component increased slightly without an associated decrease in peak velocity for five of eight injections, the amplitude of the vertical component increased for thes ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.