Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
Emx1/2 and neocorticogenesis - Development
... subplate appears to have increased in thickness while the marginal zone has become relatively thinner. These early growing subplate axons have been suggested to control, in turn, neocortical development, area specification and lamination (Rakic et al., 1991; Nothias et al., 1998; Mackarehtschian et ...
... subplate appears to have increased in thickness while the marginal zone has become relatively thinner. These early growing subplate axons have been suggested to control, in turn, neocortical development, area specification and lamination (Rakic et al., 1991; Nothias et al., 1998; Mackarehtschian et ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... also has strong interconnections with regions of posterior parietal cortex7–9 and is the only premotor area interconnected with area 46 in prefrontal cortex10. Neurons in the PMv receive visual and somatosensory inputs11–15 and are active during the preparation for and execution of visually guided m ...
... also has strong interconnections with regions of posterior parietal cortex7–9 and is the only premotor area interconnected with area 46 in prefrontal cortex10. Neurons in the PMv receive visual and somatosensory inputs11–15 and are active during the preparation for and execution of visually guided m ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Ochsner
... Once the social-affective value of a stimulus has been learned, it is important that an organism can quickly identify it in the future and respond appropriately. The systems important for affective learning described in the preceding text and posterior cortical regions involved in representing nonve ...
... Once the social-affective value of a stimulus has been learned, it is important that an organism can quickly identify it in the future and respond appropriately. The systems important for affective learning described in the preceding text and posterior cortical regions involved in representing nonve ...
Preprint - University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences
... On each trial, monkeys sequentially viewed images while maintaining fixation and indicated when they saw a target image by shifting gaze to a response dot on the screen. Our experimental design included four images presented in all possible combinations as a visual stimulus, and as an intended targ ...
... On each trial, monkeys sequentially viewed images while maintaining fixation and indicated when they saw a target image by shifting gaze to a response dot on the screen. Our experimental design included four images presented in all possible combinations as a visual stimulus, and as an intended targ ...
Neurophysiological bases underlying the organization of intentional
... Usually, by definition, we consider an action as associated with only one goal. Bernstein (1996), for example, defined actions as ‘‘whole sequences of movements that together solve a motor problem (...) and all the movements parts of such a chain are related to each other by meaning of the problem’’. ...
... Usually, by definition, we consider an action as associated with only one goal. Bernstein (1996), for example, defined actions as ‘‘whole sequences of movements that together solve a motor problem (...) and all the movements parts of such a chain are related to each other by meaning of the problem’’. ...
Is perception informationally encapsulated? The issue of the theory-ladenness of perception
... the nature of the top-down influences. In what follows I will use Marr’s (Marr, 1982) theory of vision as an example of the kind of modular theory that Fodor is arguing for, to show how Churchland’s observations concerning illusions can in fact be accommodated in a semiFodorian framework. 2.1.1. Top ...
... the nature of the top-down influences. In what follows I will use Marr’s (Marr, 1982) theory of vision as an example of the kind of modular theory that Fodor is arguing for, to show how Churchland’s observations concerning illusions can in fact be accommodated in a semiFodorian framework. 2.1.1. Top ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... Fig. 3. Camera lucida drawing of a single biocytin-labeled motor cortical layer V pyramidal neuron, reconstructed from horizontal sections (i.e., viewed from above). Microstimulation at that point elicited a response in the elbow flexor brachialis (Br). Note the extensive axonal arbor studded with ...
... Fig. 3. Camera lucida drawing of a single biocytin-labeled motor cortical layer V pyramidal neuron, reconstructed from horizontal sections (i.e., viewed from above). Microstimulation at that point elicited a response in the elbow flexor brachialis (Br). Note the extensive axonal arbor studded with ...
Non-human primates in neuroscience research: The case against its
... of which have been influenced by such expressions of opinion from NHP researchers. For instance, the 2006 report commonly known as the Weatherall Report (14), and the consequent Bateson Review (15), both concluded, broadly, in favour of the need for NHP experimentation. There are, however, important ...
... of which have been influenced by such expressions of opinion from NHP researchers. For instance, the 2006 report commonly known as the Weatherall Report (14), and the consequent Bateson Review (15), both concluded, broadly, in favour of the need for NHP experimentation. There are, however, important ...
Microconnectomics of the Pretectum and Ventral Thalamus in the
... Clarke, 1977). Nonretinal afferents to the GLv arise from the visual Wulst, TeO, GT, and VLT (Karten et al., 1973; Crossland and Uchwat, 1979; Vega-Zuniga et al., 2014). Although the role of the GLv is still unclear, it has been implicated in optokinetic reflex modulation and head and eye orienting ...
... Clarke, 1977). Nonretinal afferents to the GLv arise from the visual Wulst, TeO, GT, and VLT (Karten et al., 1973; Crossland and Uchwat, 1979; Vega-Zuniga et al., 2014). Although the role of the GLv is still unclear, it has been implicated in optokinetic reflex modulation and head and eye orienting ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... performing the behavioral task, we recorded neuronal activity from the bilateral medial frontal cortex, including the pmPFC and the Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data are supplementary motor area (SMA). In bot ...
... performing the behavioral task, we recorded neuronal activity from the bilateral medial frontal cortex, including the pmPFC and the Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data are supplementary motor area (SMA). In bot ...
A Theory of Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center
... improvements, changes and updates as of the issue date. The main focus is to provide a coherent, integrated picture of that portion of the theory which provides answers to the following questions: What is cortical knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to ca ...
... improvements, changes and updates as of the issue date. The main focus is to provide a coherent, integrated picture of that portion of the theory which provides answers to the following questions: What is cortical knowledge and how is it acquired and stored?, and How is cortical knowledge used to ca ...
Associative memory properties of multiple cortical modules
... module associated with sets of several features in the connected module (Renart et al 1999a). For instance, in the case mentioned above, where modules A, B and C represent cortical areas providing representations of smell, taste and flavour respectively, the need for inter-modular associations betwe ...
... module associated with sets of several features in the connected module (Renart et al 1999a). For instance, in the case mentioned above, where modules A, B and C represent cortical areas providing representations of smell, taste and flavour respectively, the need for inter-modular associations betwe ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... It has been known for some decades that the motor commands for saccades are constructed primarily by a circuit in the brain stem that generates the burst of neural activity necessary to cause the rapid changes in muscle force that propel saccades. The elements of this circuit are spread across sever ...
... It has been known for some decades that the motor commands for saccades are constructed primarily by a circuit in the brain stem that generates the burst of neural activity necessary to cause the rapid changes in muscle force that propel saccades. The elements of this circuit are spread across sever ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary motor behavior in general25–28. Neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), an output structure of the basal ganglia, send GABAergic projections to principal cells in the superior colliculus and exhibi ...
... known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary motor behavior in general25–28. Neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), an output structure of the basal ganglia, send GABAergic projections to principal cells in the superior colliculus and exhibi ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... from single-unit studies that individual neurons are preferentially sensitive to a small set of stimulus features and that neuronal sensitivity to these features varies across the cortical sheet within a visual area (Hubel and Wiesel 1962). Over the last 20 years, optical imaging has allowed the act ...
... from single-unit studies that individual neurons are preferentially sensitive to a small set of stimulus features and that neuronal sensitivity to these features varies across the cortical sheet within a visual area (Hubel and Wiesel 1962). Over the last 20 years, optical imaging has allowed the act ...
emotional learning: a computational model of the amygdala
... spatial context in which emotional learning occurs. A ¢nal set of inputs comes from different parts of the prefrontal cortex (Rolls, 1995; Fuster, 1997). It is not obvious that these areas should be considered sensory since prefrontal cortex is involved in both sensory and motor functions (Fuster, 1 ...
... spatial context in which emotional learning occurs. A ¢nal set of inputs comes from different parts of the prefrontal cortex (Rolls, 1995; Fuster, 1997). It is not obvious that these areas should be considered sensory since prefrontal cortex is involved in both sensory and motor functions (Fuster, 1 ...
Neural Control of Eye Movements
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
... posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-parallel plane (“LisDng’s plane”). • LisDng’s Law usually holds true for steady gaze posiDons and ...
Biological Cybernetics
... of the visual field. All data have been doubled by mirroring at the ϑ̃ axis in order to make the problem symmetric for calculations. Typically, the receptive field density is high in the center of the visual field and decreases as a function of the mediolateral and dorsoventral angles. Figure 1b sho ...
... of the visual field. All data have been doubled by mirroring at the ϑ̃ axis in order to make the problem symmetric for calculations. Typically, the receptive field density is high in the center of the visual field and decreases as a function of the mediolateral and dorsoventral angles. Figure 1b sho ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.