Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... across areas. In some areas (motor and limbic), the modularity can be visualized by both zinc and PV. In other areas (i.e. primary sensory, sensory associational and prefrontal areas 46 and 8), although PV immunohistochemisty shows a periodic distribution, there is no detectable Zn+ modularity. Thes ...
... across areas. In some areas (motor and limbic), the modularity can be visualized by both zinc and PV. In other areas (i.e. primary sensory, sensory associational and prefrontal areas 46 and 8), although PV immunohistochemisty shows a periodic distribution, there is no detectable Zn+ modularity. Thes ...
Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... for at least 3 successive optical sections). This ensured that only cells whose soma center was located within the slice were counted, thus eliminating edge effects. Accuracy of Manual Counting To determine the precision of the slicing and counting method, the following control experiments were made ...
... for at least 3 successive optical sections). This ensured that only cells whose soma center was located within the slice were counted, thus eliminating edge effects. Accuracy of Manual Counting To determine the precision of the slicing and counting method, the following control experiments were made ...
Ch. 8 - personal.kent.edu
... sensations, yet there is no real danger present; the fear is only perceived ...
... sensations, yet there is no real danger present; the fear is only perceived ...
The Number of Cortical Neurons Used to See
... many checks would need to be sampled to account for the accuracy of human performance. The power of our conclusions is greatly increased by a theorem, proven for this project, by Professor Martin Barlow in the Mathematics Department at University of British Columbia. He showed that any set of image ...
... many checks would need to be sampled to account for the accuracy of human performance. The power of our conclusions is greatly increased by a theorem, proven for this project, by Professor Martin Barlow in the Mathematics Department at University of British Columbia. He showed that any set of image ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... 2007; Stokes and Isaacson, 2010; Yoshimura and Callaway, 2005). Thus, not only are GABAergic interneurons excited in proportion to the level of local network activity, but they directly influence it through their inhibitory feedback. This simple connectivity pattern is ubiquitous in cortex and forms ...
... 2007; Stokes and Isaacson, 2010; Yoshimura and Callaway, 2005). Thus, not only are GABAergic interneurons excited in proportion to the level of local network activity, but they directly influence it through their inhibitory feedback. This simple connectivity pattern is ubiquitous in cortex and forms ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... This comparison is achieved at the level of a population of neurons called the “prediction error” population, which receives two sets of inputs: excitatory inputs coming from the thalamus and conveying the current sensory stimulus, and inhibitory inputs that reflect the activity of the predictive po ...
... This comparison is achieved at the level of a population of neurons called the “prediction error” population, which receives two sets of inputs: excitatory inputs coming from the thalamus and conveying the current sensory stimulus, and inhibitory inputs that reflect the activity of the predictive po ...
the Accompanying Presentation Hand outs
... Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter that stimulates multiple brain centers including the hippocampus, brainstem, and forebrain where new learning takes place. Associated with attention and focus. Affective filter: Steven Krashen, in his studies of linguistics developed a theory of language acquisition ...
... Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter that stimulates multiple brain centers including the hippocampus, brainstem, and forebrain where new learning takes place. Associated with attention and focus. Affective filter: Steven Krashen, in his studies of linguistics developed a theory of language acquisition ...
Uygar Sümbül - Department of Statistics
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... showed a very similar architectonic organization in these two primate species. There is no doubt that the prefrontal cortical areas of the human brain have undergone considerable development, but it is equally clear that the basic architectonic organization is the same in the two species. Thus, a co ...
... showed a very similar architectonic organization in these two primate species. There is no doubt that the prefrontal cortical areas of the human brain have undergone considerable development, but it is equally clear that the basic architectonic organization is the same in the two species. Thus, a co ...
The Neurocircuitry of Impaired Insight in Drug Addiction
... Distinctive roles for the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortices have also been suggested. For example, contrasting errors (on a hybrid Stroop and Go/No-Go task) of which participants were aware with those of which they were unaware revealed sizeable fronto-parietal activation that encompas ...
... Distinctive roles for the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortices have also been suggested. For example, contrasting errors (on a hybrid Stroop and Go/No-Go task) of which participants were aware with those of which they were unaware revealed sizeable fronto-parietal activation that encompas ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... lenging since it consistsof so many different neurons which develop in a highly complex spatialand temporal pattern. Thus, the growth conesof brain neuronsmust encounter a myriad of conditions as they navigate through the developing brain. One strategy to investigate pathfinding in the vertebrate br ...
... lenging since it consistsof so many different neurons which develop in a highly complex spatialand temporal pattern. Thus, the growth conesof brain neuronsmust encounter a myriad of conditions as they navigate through the developing brain. One strategy to investigate pathfinding in the vertebrate br ...
Functional Sub-regions for Optic Flow Processing in the
... We used a variety of stimuli to characterize the cells’ sensitivity to optic f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise o ...
... We used a variety of stimuli to characterize the cells’ sensitivity to optic f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise o ...
Cerebellar Affective Syndrome Expanding Our Thinking About the
... Entirely afferent fibers originating within the pontine nuclei as part of the cerebral cortex>pons>cerebellar tract. ...
... Entirely afferent fibers originating within the pontine nuclei as part of the cerebral cortex>pons>cerebellar tract. ...
Neural correlates of a decision in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of
... direction of motion in a dynamic random dot display1. The difficulty of the task was controlled by varying the fraction of coherently moving dots. At high motion coherences, the animal can commit to an action the moment the stimulus is seen. In contrast, near psychophysical threshold, the monkey mus ...
... direction of motion in a dynamic random dot display1. The difficulty of the task was controlled by varying the fraction of coherently moving dots. At high motion coherences, the animal can commit to an action the moment the stimulus is seen. In contrast, near psychophysical threshold, the monkey mus ...
Mirror Neurons, Embodied Simulation, and the Neural Basis of
... mapping observed, implied, or heard goal-directed motor acts on their motor neural substrate in the observer’s motor system allow a direct form of action understanding, through a mechanism of embodied simulation (Gallese, 2005a,b, 2006; Gallese et al., 2009). Mirror Neurons and the Understanding of ...
... mapping observed, implied, or heard goal-directed motor acts on their motor neural substrate in the observer’s motor system allow a direct form of action understanding, through a mechanism of embodied simulation (Gallese, 2005a,b, 2006; Gallese et al., 2009). Mirror Neurons and the Understanding of ...
Visual system
... words in this syllabus, are brought to you by your visual system. Photons of light entering the eye convey information about the world to the brain by means of the neurons in the visual pathways, starting at the eye. It is often useful to compare the eye to another visual device, the camera. We can ...
... words in this syllabus, are brought to you by your visual system. Photons of light entering the eye convey information about the world to the brain by means of the neurons in the visual pathways, starting at the eye. It is often useful to compare the eye to another visual device, the camera. We can ...
the brainstem control of saccadic eye movements
... Motor neuron commands. Torsional rotations are produced by contractions of combinations of superior/ inferior rectus and superior/inferior oblique muscle pairs. Consider the activity of motor neurons that innervate one of these muscles, the superior oblique. On the basis of its pulling direction (FI ...
... Motor neuron commands. Torsional rotations are produced by contractions of combinations of superior/ inferior rectus and superior/inferior oblique muscle pairs. Consider the activity of motor neurons that innervate one of these muscles, the superior oblique. On the basis of its pulling direction (FI ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... Mechanisms of neuronal migration in cerebral cortex 6025 compared with those of the wild-type neurons (Fig. 2C′,D′). Radial orientation of α3 integrin mutant apical dendrites towards pial surface deviated by an average of 32±6.6°. By contrast, mean deviation of wild-type dendrites is 7±3.1° [signif ...
... Mechanisms of neuronal migration in cerebral cortex 6025 compared with those of the wild-type neurons (Fig. 2C′,D′). Radial orientation of α3 integrin mutant apical dendrites towards pial surface deviated by an average of 32±6.6°. By contrast, mean deviation of wild-type dendrites is 7±3.1° [signif ...
Lineage origins of GABAergic versus glutamatergic neurons in the
... levels in layer V neurons and at lower levels in layer VI neurons, and also in a mosaic in the cortical VZ. Fezf2 is required for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons of layer V [38,39], while Tbr1, which is expressed in layer VI neurons is required to specify corticothalamic projecti ...
... levels in layer V neurons and at lower levels in layer VI neurons, and also in a mosaic in the cortical VZ. Fezf2 is required for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons of layer V [38,39], while Tbr1, which is expressed in layer VI neurons is required to specify corticothalamic projecti ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... respiratory changes. As discussed in this review, several brain regions and pathways have major roles in subserving the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to threatening stimuli, which may vary from relatively mild acute arousing stimuli to more prolonged life-threatening stimuli. One key regi ...
... respiratory changes. As discussed in this review, several brain regions and pathways have major roles in subserving the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to threatening stimuli, which may vary from relatively mild acute arousing stimuli to more prolonged life-threatening stimuli. One key regi ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... were made into PMBSF. Anterograde transport of the tracer revealed cases where long, intrinsic horizontal axons projected through gray matter out from PMBSF and across boundaries into visual and auditory cortical areas (Frostig et al. 2008; Stehberg et al. 2014). Similar long-range horizontal projec ...
... were made into PMBSF. Anterograde transport of the tracer revealed cases where long, intrinsic horizontal axons projected through gray matter out from PMBSF and across boundaries into visual and auditory cortical areas (Frostig et al. 2008; Stehberg et al. 2014). Similar long-range horizontal projec ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... as the brain stem and spinal cord, in a system of feedforward and feedback information processing. Considered from the functional point of view, the motor system is organized in a hierarchical manner, with increasing complexity of integration up the neuraxis (Bernstein, 1967; Allen and Tsukahara, 19 ...
... as the brain stem and spinal cord, in a system of feedforward and feedback information processing. Considered from the functional point of view, the motor system is organized in a hierarchical manner, with increasing complexity of integration up the neuraxis (Bernstein, 1967; Allen and Tsukahara, 19 ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.