Electrical Signals of Memory and of the Awareness of Remembering
... to be their dependence on representations in multiple cortical zones that must be linked together. Although much remains to be learned about this process, memory binding is thought to be accomplished through mechanisms that alter the interconnectivity of cortical neurons through interactions with ot ...
... to be their dependence on representations in multiple cortical zones that must be linked together. Although much remains to be learned about this process, memory binding is thought to be accomplished through mechanisms that alter the interconnectivity of cortical neurons through interactions with ot ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... Figure 1. Responses of TANs to motivationally opposing stimuli. Changes of average population activity of TANs when an aversive auditory stimulus is associated through Pavlovian conditioning with reward delivery. All displays show histograms obtained by averaging the activity of all TANs recorded be ...
... Figure 1. Responses of TANs to motivationally opposing stimuli. Changes of average population activity of TANs when an aversive auditory stimulus is associated through Pavlovian conditioning with reward delivery. All displays show histograms obtained by averaging the activity of all TANs recorded be ...
The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system
... arousing (masculine) and calming (feminine) vital fluids that together modulate the four main levels and states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, sleeping, and orgasmic. Although primarily located within the central channel at the level of the heart hub, where cardiorespiratory rhythms, internal re ...
... arousing (masculine) and calming (feminine) vital fluids that together modulate the four main levels and states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, sleeping, and orgasmic. Although primarily located within the central channel at the level of the heart hub, where cardiorespiratory rhythms, internal re ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... Boccaletti et al. 2006). Just as with many other real-world networks (Boccaletti et al. 2006), cortico-cortical connections are directed as well as weighted. Here, we investigated both of these features in order to elucidate the specificity of cortical projection patterns. These results provide valua ...
... Boccaletti et al. 2006). Just as with many other real-world networks (Boccaletti et al. 2006), cortico-cortical connections are directed as well as weighted. Here, we investigated both of these features in order to elucidate the specificity of cortical projection patterns. These results provide valua ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... different survival times: 2–3 d, 4 –5 d, and 7 d. For comparison, we examined the patterns of labeling seen 2 d after cortical injections of WGA-HRP. In each of these experiments, the tracer was injected into the arm area of M1 (see below for details). ...
... different survival times: 2–3 d, 4 –5 d, and 7 d. For comparison, we examined the patterns of labeling seen 2 d after cortical injections of WGA-HRP. In each of these experiments, the tracer was injected into the arm area of M1 (see below for details). ...
Cortical Plasticity - Lund University Publications
... relays on the path between the receptors in the skin and the somatosensory cortex. The receptor neurons are located in ganglions on the dorsal root of a spinal nerve and they have axons that are divided into two branches. One branch terminates in the skin where its terminals are sensitive to tactile ...
... relays on the path between the receptors in the skin and the somatosensory cortex. The receptor neurons are located in ganglions on the dorsal root of a spinal nerve and they have axons that are divided into two branches. One branch terminates in the skin where its terminals are sensitive to tactile ...
Scaling self-organizing maps to model large cortical networks
... finer resolution (of either cortical neurons or retinal ganglia), as well as modeling a species, individual, or brain area that devotes more neurons or ganglia to the representation of a fixed amount of visual space. Varying the density or area over a wide range is difficult in a complex dynamical ...
... finer resolution (of either cortical neurons or retinal ganglia), as well as modeling a species, individual, or brain area that devotes more neurons or ganglia to the representation of a fixed amount of visual space. Varying the density or area over a wide range is difficult in a complex dynamical ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... cortical injection sites. With careful adjustment of the postinjection survival time, it is possible to use transneuronal transport of rabies to reveal the connections of three or more synaptically linked neurons. In the experiments reported here, we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies ...
... cortical injection sites. With careful adjustment of the postinjection survival time, it is possible to use transneuronal transport of rabies to reveal the connections of three or more synaptically linked neurons. In the experiments reported here, we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a small window was cut into the head capsule between the two compou ...
... anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a small window was cut into the head capsule between the two compou ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... problem of storing multiple short-term memories might be solved. There is now an abundance of evidence that single items are represented in PFC activity by a rate code (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Kubota and Niki, 1971; Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1996). What about multiple ...
... problem of storing multiple short-term memories might be solved. There is now an abundance of evidence that single items are represented in PFC activity by a rate code (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Kubota and Niki, 1971; Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1996). What about multiple ...
The Rat Ventromedial Thalamic Nucleus and Motor Control: Role of
... tonic muscular responses. NMDA, bicuculline, and the muscarinic agonist bethanechol induced an increase in locomotor activity. The present study provides evidence that an imbalance between NMDA-mediated excitation and GABAergic inhibition within the rat VM leads to disturbances of motility, whereas ...
... tonic muscular responses. NMDA, bicuculline, and the muscarinic agonist bethanechol induced an increase in locomotor activity. The present study provides evidence that an imbalance between NMDA-mediated excitation and GABAergic inhibition within the rat VM leads to disturbances of motility, whereas ...
Severe Reduction of Rat Defensive Behavior to a Predator by
... animals were individually housed, and handled repeatedly by the same investigator that conducted the behavioral test. To examine the pattern of hypothalamic activation during the display of innate defensive behavior, five animals were then placed individually for 10 min in a closed, wired-meshed com ...
... animals were individually housed, and handled repeatedly by the same investigator that conducted the behavioral test. To examine the pattern of hypothalamic activation during the display of innate defensive behavior, five animals were then placed individually for 10 min in a closed, wired-meshed com ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
Chib et al., 2009 - Rangel Neuroeconomics Laboratory
... were presented to subjects using high-resolution color pictures (72 dpi). The stimulus presentation and response recording was controlled by MATLAB (Mathworks) using Psychophysics Toolbox extensions (Brainard, 1997). In this experiment, subjects made valuation and choice decisions for an 80% chance ...
... were presented to subjects using high-resolution color pictures (72 dpi). The stimulus presentation and response recording was controlled by MATLAB (Mathworks) using Psychophysics Toolbox extensions (Brainard, 1997). In this experiment, subjects made valuation and choice decisions for an 80% chance ...
Forced moves or good tricks in design space? Landmarks in the
... specific problem of action selection may not lead to automatic progress in the design of systems with behavioral coherence. It may be the case, for instance, that proposed action selection mechanisms will not scale-up to the task of controlling more complex robots; or, that effective action selectio ...
... specific problem of action selection may not lead to automatic progress in the design of systems with behavioral coherence. It may be the case, for instance, that proposed action selection mechanisms will not scale-up to the task of controlling more complex robots; or, that effective action selectio ...
- White Rose Research Online
... specific problem of action selection may not lead to automatic progress in the design of systems with behavioral coherence. It may be the case, for instance, that proposed action selection mechanisms will not scale-up to the task of controlling more complex robots; or, that effective action selectio ...
... specific problem of action selection may not lead to automatic progress in the design of systems with behavioral coherence. It may be the case, for instance, that proposed action selection mechanisms will not scale-up to the task of controlling more complex robots; or, that effective action selectio ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... which works well when the sensory cues are originated from the same object. In cases where the sensory cues originate from different objects, the brain should segregate, rather than integrate, the cues. In a noisy environment, however, the brain is unable to differentiate the two situations at first ...
... which works well when the sensory cues are originated from the same object. In cases where the sensory cues originate from different objects, the brain should segregate, rather than integrate, the cues. In a noisy environment, however, the brain is unable to differentiate the two situations at first ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are commonalities in processing circuitry across different cortices. In our laboratory, this qu ...
... subject of intense examination. However, it is not known whether cortical cells in different sensory cortices process information in a way that is specific to the modality of their input, or whether there are commonalities in processing circuitry across different cortices. In our laboratory, this qu ...
L
... (LRE) is also called partial epilepsy. A person who has a single kind of LRE may experience any combination of partial seizures: simple partial, complex partial and secondarily generalized. There are many causes of partial seizures, including head injuries, tumors, infection, and stroke (Table 1). M ...
... (LRE) is also called partial epilepsy. A person who has a single kind of LRE may experience any combination of partial seizures: simple partial, complex partial and secondarily generalized. There are many causes of partial seizures, including head injuries, tumors, infection, and stroke (Table 1). M ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... with controls, there were statistically significant changes in the distribution of fastigial nucleus neurons in terms of the degree of regularity of baseline spike activity and interspike interval histogram modality. There was a 1.5-fold (to 17.3%) decrease in the proportion of neurons with baseline ...
... with controls, there were statistically significant changes in the distribution of fastigial nucleus neurons in terms of the degree of regularity of baseline spike activity and interspike interval histogram modality. There was a 1.5-fold (to 17.3%) decrease in the proportion of neurons with baseline ...
PhD Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... have been also largely employed as an ideal substrate for regenerative studies, since the pup is able to regenerate connections between neurons of the cerebral cortex and spinal cord upon experimental trauma. Moreover, branching from the common mammal ancestor about 180 My ago, Marsupials might prov ...
... have been also largely employed as an ideal substrate for regenerative studies, since the pup is able to regenerate connections between neurons of the cerebral cortex and spinal cord upon experimental trauma. Moreover, branching from the common mammal ancestor about 180 My ago, Marsupials might prov ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... juice reinforcement, dependent upon the behavioral responses. During the performance of the tasks, a tone cue of 500 ms duration preceded the visual stimuli, facilitating fixation of the stimuli. Visual stimuli were presented for 1.5 s and the inter-trial interval was generally 6 s. Lick responses i ...
... juice reinforcement, dependent upon the behavioral responses. During the performance of the tasks, a tone cue of 500 ms duration preceded the visual stimuli, facilitating fixation of the stimuli. Visual stimuli were presented for 1.5 s and the inter-trial interval was generally 6 s. Lick responses i ...
敌獳湯⌠ⴷ8
... The subdivisions of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres were given individual names by the old anatomists (culmen, declive, etc.), which are indicated in Figs. 5.1 and 5.2, although they have little functional significance and are generally not clinically relevant. Today, it is more common to dist ...
... The subdivisions of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres were given individual names by the old anatomists (culmen, declive, etc.), which are indicated in Figs. 5.1 and 5.2, although they have little functional significance and are generally not clinically relevant. Today, it is more common to dist ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.