An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... sounds in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and auditory cortex. However, while that study provided evidence of valence processing in all 3 regions, it did not examine how they might interact. Indeed, in this regard, it has been suggested that oscillations in the theta band bring about integration ...
... sounds in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and auditory cortex. However, while that study provided evidence of valence processing in all 3 regions, it did not examine how they might interact. Indeed, in this regard, it has been suggested that oscillations in the theta band bring about integration ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... factor; two levels) ⫻ DAY (within-subjects factor; four levels). The extent of the lesion was determined in a series of planned t test with the degrees of freedom corrected using a modified Bonferroni. Computational modeling. We used a simplified simulation of cortical function to demonstrate our pr ...
... factor; two levels) ⫻ DAY (within-subjects factor; four levels). The extent of the lesion was determined in a series of planned t test with the degrees of freedom corrected using a modified Bonferroni. Computational modeling. We used a simplified simulation of cortical function to demonstrate our pr ...
Chemical Senses
... Smallest difference in concentration that can be detected between two samples This ...
... Smallest difference in concentration that can be detected between two samples This ...
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and
... in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial measurements of brain volume, tissue fluid, and metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial T1-weighted and 1H-MR spectroscopy data ...
... in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial measurements of brain volume, tissue fluid, and metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial T1-weighted and 1H-MR spectroscopy data ...
Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
kwanPNAS08
... are generated sequentially so that early-born neurons occupy the deep layers and later-born neurons migrate past older neurons to settle in more superficial layers. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the laminar position and identity of projection neurons are being unraveled (3, 7). Previous stu ...
... are generated sequentially so that early-born neurons occupy the deep layers and later-born neurons migrate past older neurons to settle in more superficial layers. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the laminar position and identity of projection neurons are being unraveled (3, 7). Previous stu ...
Biological Bases of Bx Test
... ____ 17. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n) a. endorphin. b. EEG. c. synapse. d. lesion. e. MRI. ____ 18. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 19. Your life ...
... ____ 17. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n) a. endorphin. b. EEG. c. synapse. d. lesion. e. MRI. ____ 18. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 19. Your life ...
All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits
... cells, and thus achieve fully “all-optical” interrogation of neural activity. Implementations of simultaneous optical readout and manipulation have faced three main challenges: reliable delivery and expression of the sensors and actuators in the same neurons, elimination of cross talk between the im ...
... cells, and thus achieve fully “all-optical” interrogation of neural activity. Implementations of simultaneous optical readout and manipulation have faced three main challenges: reliable delivery and expression of the sensors and actuators in the same neurons, elimination of cross talk between the im ...
Medical Image Segmentation Using Artificial Neural Networks
... analysis applications developed for medical diagnosis. Development of treatment plans and evaluation of disease progression are other applications. These applications stem from the fact that diseases affect specific tissues or structures, lead to loss, atrophy (volume loss), and abnormalities. Conse ...
... analysis applications developed for medical diagnosis. Development of treatment plans and evaluation of disease progression are other applications. These applications stem from the fact that diseases affect specific tissues or structures, lead to loss, atrophy (volume loss), and abnormalities. Conse ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
... eulaminate 1). The caudally adjacent areas, including areas 13, OPro and orbital area 25, are dysgranular in type, characterized by the presence of a thin and incipient granular layer 4 (Fig. 1B). The most caudally located orbitofrontal cortex lacks a granular layer 4, and is thus agranular in type ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... Steering demands rapid responses to heading deviations and uses optic flow to redirect self-movement toward the intended destination. We trained monkeys in a naturalistic steering paradigm and recorded dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) cortical neuronal responses to the visual motion and s ...
... Steering demands rapid responses to heading deviations and uses optic flow to redirect self-movement toward the intended destination. We trained monkeys in a naturalistic steering paradigm and recorded dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) cortical neuronal responses to the visual motion and s ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... The functional role of retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons as the central chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are ...
... The functional role of retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons as the central chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are ...
Spinal Cord - Sydney University Medical Society
... Joint Receptors - these are carried via Type II fibres (~30-70m/s) o Pain / Temperature A-delta Free Nerve Endings – these Type III fibres have small amount of myelin and are associated with sharp, local pain which is typically superficial (~0.5-2m/s) C Free Nerve Endings – these Type IV fibre ...
... Joint Receptors - these are carried via Type II fibres (~30-70m/s) o Pain / Temperature A-delta Free Nerve Endings – these Type III fibres have small amount of myelin and are associated with sharp, local pain which is typically superficial (~0.5-2m/s) C Free Nerve Endings – these Type IV fibre ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... Fig. 2. The dlPFC microcircuits underlying spatial working memory as discovered by Goldman-Rakic. A schematized figure illustrating a simplified version of the neuronal microcircuitry thought to contribute to spatial working memory. The dlPFC receives DA inputs to layers I–III and V–VI, likely from ...
... Fig. 2. The dlPFC microcircuits underlying spatial working memory as discovered by Goldman-Rakic. A schematized figure illustrating a simplified version of the neuronal microcircuitry thought to contribute to spatial working memory. The dlPFC receives DA inputs to layers I–III and V–VI, likely from ...
Cellular mechanisms underlying network synchrony in the medial
... of spike sequences previously observed during exploratory behavior and could therefore enable information stored in the hippocampus to be transferred to the neocortex. ...
... of spike sequences previously observed during exploratory behavior and could therefore enable information stored in the hippocampus to be transferred to the neocortex. ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... (1) What kinds of stimuli are encoded on the different time scales in a neuron’s response? (2) How much information is encoded on each time scale? (3) How might this information be decoded by relatively simple components of neurons and neural circuits? Here, we answer the first two questions experim ...
... (1) What kinds of stimuli are encoded on the different time scales in a neuron’s response? (2) How much information is encoded on each time scale? (3) How might this information be decoded by relatively simple components of neurons and neural circuits? Here, we answer the first two questions experim ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... Relative strengths of the spinning disk confocal microscope include having more photons reach the detector than in a typical LSCM setup (i.e., a pinhole of 1 Airy unit) (Sandison and Webb, 1994), providing greater fidelity of quantification of fluorescent intensity. Spinning disk confocals also use ...
... Relative strengths of the spinning disk confocal microscope include having more photons reach the detector than in a typical LSCM setup (i.e., a pinhole of 1 Airy unit) (Sandison and Webb, 1994), providing greater fidelity of quantification of fluorescent intensity. Spinning disk confocals also use ...
Shamanism in Cross-Cultural Perspective
... The shaman’s ecstatic state was characterized as a soul flight, “a trance during which his soul is believed to leave his body and ascend to the sky or descend to the underworld” (Eliade, 1951/1964, p. 5). This classic shamanic flight took a variety of forms involving some aspect of the practitioner ...
... The shaman’s ecstatic state was characterized as a soul flight, “a trance during which his soul is believed to leave his body and ascend to the sky or descend to the underworld” (Eliade, 1951/1964, p. 5). This classic shamanic flight took a variety of forms involving some aspect of the practitioner ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... ACFs that are divided into central core fields and surrounding belt and parabelt fields as shown in Fig. 1a [11]. Many ACFs are organized tonotopically, that is, with a frequency representation mapped onto the cortical surface. In particular, the core fields at the center of auditory cortex have a m ...
... ACFs that are divided into central core fields and surrounding belt and parabelt fields as shown in Fig. 1a [11]. Many ACFs are organized tonotopically, that is, with a frequency representation mapped onto the cortical surface. In particular, the core fields at the center of auditory cortex have a m ...
A Model of Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms for Goal-directed Behavior Michael E. Hasselmo Abstract
... multiple contexts. The same action could result in different outcomes dependent upon the starting state. For example, a ‘‘go East’’ action could shift the state from West to Center, but also from Center to East. If there were only one population for both input and output, the network would map all i ...
... multiple contexts. The same action could result in different outcomes dependent upon the starting state. For example, a ‘‘go East’’ action could shift the state from West to Center, but also from Center to East. If there were only one population for both input and output, the network would map all i ...
PDF
... their underlying associative representations. The flexible planning model-based system (see Box 2 for glossary of specialized terms shown in italics throughout) relies on an associative model of the world to make decisions. This model consists of states that represent the critical cues and outcomes ...
... their underlying associative representations. The flexible planning model-based system (see Box 2 for glossary of specialized terms shown in italics throughout) relies on an associative model of the world to make decisions. This model consists of states that represent the critical cues and outcomes ...
Race modulates neural activity during imitation
... perceived social status. This pattern of neural activity was not found when participants passively observed the gestures of the actors or simply looked at their faces. Instead, during face-viewing neural responses were overall greater for own-race individuals, consistent with prior race perception s ...
... perceived social status. This pattern of neural activity was not found when participants passively observed the gestures of the actors or simply looked at their faces. Instead, during face-viewing neural responses were overall greater for own-race individuals, consistent with prior race perception s ...
How is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
... salaam spasm is a special form of petit mal seizure which occurs almost exclusively in infants and which is generally a pointer for a severe type of epilepsy. (The "salaam seizure" is so called because of the nature of the seizure, during which the patient suddenly jerks nods or slowly bends forward ...
... salaam spasm is a special form of petit mal seizure which occurs almost exclusively in infants and which is generally a pointer for a severe type of epilepsy. (The "salaam seizure" is so called because of the nature of the seizure, during which the patient suddenly jerks nods or slowly bends forward ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.