Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... saccades and cell type Currents were read as half peak-to-peak values, and At 366 frontal eye field sites we studied an the S88 controls were adjusted to equate positive isolated cell and then microstimulated through and negative current. Currents tested ranged from 5 to 150pA. the recording electro ...
... saccades and cell type Currents were read as half peak-to-peak values, and At 366 frontal eye field sites we studied an the S88 controls were adjusted to equate positive isolated cell and then microstimulated through and negative current. Currents tested ranged from 5 to 150pA. the recording electro ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... 2014). Some neurons increased firing when the mouse was tilted to its left and decreased firing when tilted to its right, whereas other neurons displayed the opposite pattern. During postural disturbances, the motor system must generate continuously varying outputs to oppose the effects of tilt on t ...
... 2014). Some neurons increased firing when the mouse was tilted to its left and decreased firing when tilted to its right, whereas other neurons displayed the opposite pattern. During postural disturbances, the motor system must generate continuously varying outputs to oppose the effects of tilt on t ...
Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
... Mitral and tufted cell axons extend to the piriform cortex via the LOT. We observe that axonal branches exit the LOT at right angles and extend upward to densely and diffusely project to the piriform cortex along the entire anteroposterior axis (Fig. 3a–c), with no apparent spatial preference in any ...
Hubel 1977_Small
... from optic nerve fibres, and most of these cells in turn send their axons directly to the cortex. Thus it is not unfair to say that it is basically a one-synapse station. The axons that form the output of the geniculates pass back in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres to the striate cortex ...
... from optic nerve fibres, and most of these cells in turn send their axons directly to the cortex. Thus it is not unfair to say that it is basically a one-synapse station. The axons that form the output of the geniculates pass back in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres to the striate cortex ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... and in the Interstitial nucleus of Cajal for vertical control. Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem reticular formation, discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a lo ...
... and in the Interstitial nucleus of Cajal for vertical control. Long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs), also located in the brainstem reticular formation, discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a lo ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... 3. Provide personal perspective based on the researched literature. ...
... 3. Provide personal perspective based on the researched literature. ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... TE, the detailed laminar distribution of the terminals, and differences in the projection from the dorsal and ventral parts of TE have not been investigated. To observe the divergence and the laminar pattern of terminations, injection of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) at a single site wa ...
... TE, the detailed laminar distribution of the terminals, and differences in the projection from the dorsal and ventral parts of TE have not been investigated. To observe the divergence and the laminar pattern of terminations, injection of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) at a single site wa ...
18
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... (Beraneck and Cullen 2007) display relatively low sensitivities to vestibular stimulation as compared to neurons in monkeys (Massot et al. 2011, 2012). Furthermore, simultaneous recordings of eye a ...
... (Beraneck and Cullen 2007) display relatively low sensitivities to vestibular stimulation as compared to neurons in monkeys (Massot et al. 2011, 2012). Furthermore, simultaneous recordings of eye a ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... preparation is intrinsically linked to the time of the movement to be executed. In being sensitive to timing, these responses have access to an internal clock. However, it is unclear whether a central, singular clock exists in the brain that provides timing information to these diverse brain structu ...
... preparation is intrinsically linked to the time of the movement to be executed. In being sensitive to timing, these responses have access to an internal clock. However, it is unclear whether a central, singular clock exists in the brain that provides timing information to these diverse brain structu ...
PDF
... We photographed the series of 75 mm sections spanning the rostral / caudal extent of temporal cortex on the same day the sections were mounted and coverslipped. Several pictures (103 objective) were taken of each hemisphere that collectively circumscribed the cortical regions that contained labeled ...
... We photographed the series of 75 mm sections spanning the rostral / caudal extent of temporal cortex on the same day the sections were mounted and coverslipped. Several pictures (103 objective) were taken of each hemisphere that collectively circumscribed the cortical regions that contained labeled ...
Low Quality
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
... By inquiring into all that happens in the brain and body during sleep, researchers aim to paint a more complete picture of why people sleep — and why sleep sometimes goes awry, as Science News staff writers Tina Hesman Saey and Laura Sanders report in this special section. Scientists seeking the rea ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... The retina contains within each ommatidium six outer photoreceptors, R1–R6, and two central ones, R7 and R8. Whereas R1–R6 terminate in the lamina, R7/R8 bypass the lamina and terminate in the medulla (Meinertzhagen and O’Neil, 1991). These two neuropils contain arrays of retinotopically arranged mo ...
... The retina contains within each ommatidium six outer photoreceptors, R1–R6, and two central ones, R7 and R8. Whereas R1–R6 terminate in the lamina, R7/R8 bypass the lamina and terminate in the medulla (Meinertzhagen and O’Neil, 1991). These two neuropils contain arrays of retinotopically arranged mo ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... FIG. 1. (A) Human dioptric focusing system and efferent pathways from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the ciliary muscle. The major innervation to the ciliary muscle is parasympathetic and follows the pathway shown by the thick solid lines. The parasympathetic pathway originates in the Edinger ...
... FIG. 1. (A) Human dioptric focusing system and efferent pathways from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the ciliary muscle. The major innervation to the ciliary muscle is parasympathetic and follows the pathway shown by the thick solid lines. The parasympathetic pathway originates in the Edinger ...
Esoteric Role of the Pineal Gland
... body with 4-6 processes emerging - Interstitial cells are located between the pinealocytes - Perivascular phagocytes are located near the capillaries and they are antigen presenting cells - In some higher vertebrates neurons are located in the pineal gland called pineal neurons - Peptidergic neuron- ...
... body with 4-6 processes emerging - Interstitial cells are located between the pinealocytes - Perivascular phagocytes are located near the capillaries and they are antigen presenting cells - In some higher vertebrates neurons are located in the pineal gland called pineal neurons - Peptidergic neuron- ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... (STN) and GABAergic neurons of the external globus pallidus (GPe) form a key network within the basal ganglia [7–9]. The principal source of afferent input to the basal ganglia, the cerebral cortex, influences the STN–GPe network, directly via monosynaptic projections or indirectly via GABAergic str ...
... (STN) and GABAergic neurons of the external globus pallidus (GPe) form a key network within the basal ganglia [7–9]. The principal source of afferent input to the basal ganglia, the cerebral cortex, influences the STN–GPe network, directly via monosynaptic projections or indirectly via GABAergic str ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
... the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the directionality of arm movement– dependent and load-dependent respo ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... Neural substrates that underlie requisite alterations in autonomic functions (e.g., cardiorespiratory adjustments) and sensory processing (e.g., modulation of pain processing) that accompany defense are well understood (Lovick and Bandler, 2005); however, little is known of the neural circuits that ...
... Neural substrates that underlie requisite alterations in autonomic functions (e.g., cardiorespiratory adjustments) and sensory processing (e.g., modulation of pain processing) that accompany defense are well understood (Lovick and Bandler, 2005); however, little is known of the neural circuits that ...
Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... these problems, we have established a new in vitro system, the organotypic c o r t e x - s t r i a t u m co-culture. In such a system the s p o n t a n e o u s activity o f the cortical culture is sufficient to drive the striatal network and, moreover, a visual selection of striatal interneurons is ...
... these problems, we have established a new in vitro system, the organotypic c o r t e x - s t r i a t u m co-culture. In such a system the s p o n t a n e o u s activity o f the cortical culture is sufficient to drive the striatal network and, moreover, a visual selection of striatal interneurons is ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... A dynamic interplay exists between the processes of cortical arealization and those controlling the guidance and targeting of thalamocortical projections [1–5]. Early in development, both the thalamic field and the cortical sheet appear homogeneous in cytoarchitecture, and connections between them fo ...
... A dynamic interplay exists between the processes of cortical arealization and those controlling the guidance and targeting of thalamocortical projections [1–5]. Early in development, both the thalamic field and the cortical sheet appear homogeneous in cytoarchitecture, and connections between them fo ...
The Timing of Response Onset and Offset in Macaque
... potentials (Adrian and Matthews, 1927). If it had been otherwise, if cells had produced ON responses only and did not adapt so much, then perhaps response offsets would have received more attention in the last 75 years. If asked whether neurons in the visual system turn on or turn off sooner after a ...
... potentials (Adrian and Matthews, 1927). If it had been otherwise, if cells had produced ON responses only and did not adapt so much, then perhaps response offsets would have received more attention in the last 75 years. If asked whether neurons in the visual system turn on or turn off sooner after a ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.