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Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... There are several additional cortices situated anteriorly within the medial prefrontal region, including area 9 dorsally, area 14 rostroventrally, and area 10, which caps the frontal pole. There is comparatively less information on the functions or connections of anterior medial areas, although rece ...
... There are several additional cortices situated anteriorly within the medial prefrontal region, including area 9 dorsally, area 14 rostroventrally, and area 10, which caps the frontal pole. There is comparatively less information on the functions or connections of anterior medial areas, although rece ...
Encoding of Movement Fragments in the Motor Cortex
... Figure 1. Evidence for trajectory encoding in the motor cortex. A, Temporal evolution of preferred directions (in 50 ms bins) for four MI neurons relative to movement onset computed in an instructed-delay center-out task to one of eight targets. B, Left, Example of a single successful behavioral tri ...
... Figure 1. Evidence for trajectory encoding in the motor cortex. A, Temporal evolution of preferred directions (in 50 ms bins) for four MI neurons relative to movement onset computed in an instructed-delay center-out task to one of eight targets. B, Left, Example of a single successful behavioral tri ...
Neurophysiological correlates of hypnotic analgesia
... (Barber, 1969; Spanos, 1986; Kirsch, 1991) regard all phenomena seen in association with hypnosis as being explainable by using ordinary psychological concepts such as expectations or role playing. The notion of consciousness is at the core of an ongoing debate on the nature of hypnosis. Consciousne ...
... (Barber, 1969; Spanos, 1986; Kirsch, 1991) regard all phenomena seen in association with hypnosis as being explainable by using ordinary psychological concepts such as expectations or role playing. The notion of consciousness is at the core of an ongoing debate on the nature of hypnosis. Consciousne ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... (red circles) and inactive (white circles) nose-pokes. B, Oscilloscope traces of impulses from three VTA DA neurons showing typical electrophysiology experiments was perrecordings of two regular and one fast-firing VTA DA neuron in SAL, YOKED, and NIC rats, respectively. C, Analysis of firing activi ...
... (red circles) and inactive (white circles) nose-pokes. B, Oscilloscope traces of impulses from three VTA DA neurons showing typical electrophysiology experiments was perrecordings of two regular and one fast-firing VTA DA neuron in SAL, YOKED, and NIC rats, respectively. C, Analysis of firing activi ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... neocortex consists of six distinct layers that are parallel to the cortical surface. In the vertical dimension, neurons are organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as ...
... neocortex consists of six distinct layers that are parallel to the cortical surface. In the vertical dimension, neurons are organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... One of the hypothesized functions of animal MNs is to aid understanding the intention of an observed motor action, as already hypothesized by Di Pellegrino et al. (1992). They found the firing of MNs did not depend on a specific object involved in the motor action or on a specific motor gesture, but ...
... One of the hypothesized functions of animal MNs is to aid understanding the intention of an observed motor action, as already hypothesized by Di Pellegrino et al. (1992). They found the firing of MNs did not depend on a specific object involved in the motor action or on a specific motor gesture, but ...
Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions
... 1. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side 2. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side 3. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side 4. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right s ...
... 1. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side 2. loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side 3. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side 4. loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right s ...
Jeremy R. Manning, Michael J. Kahana, and
... The central idea of this chapter is that slowly drifting information (i.e., information that persists over relatively long time scales) can be used to time stamp and organize more quickly drifting information. This time stamping is accomplished by means of the hippocampus binding co-active represent ...
... The central idea of this chapter is that slowly drifting information (i.e., information that persists over relatively long time scales) can be used to time stamp and organize more quickly drifting information. This time stamping is accomplished by means of the hippocampus binding co-active represent ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... advancing through the cortical tissue, and by withdrawing the needle from the brain completely devoid of tracer. To this purpose, the recording syringe was ®rst ®lled with 0.3 mL of paraf®n oil, then with the exact amount of tracer that had to be injected and, ®nally, with 0.10 mL of paraf®n oil. A ...
... advancing through the cortical tissue, and by withdrawing the needle from the brain completely devoid of tracer. To this purpose, the recording syringe was ®rst ®lled with 0.3 mL of paraf®n oil, then with the exact amount of tracer that had to be injected and, ®nally, with 0.10 mL of paraf®n oil. A ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
... ‘computation’, an analog process may or may not be an analog computation, and an analog computation may or may not be a computation in the sense relevant to computationalism. In a loose sense, ‘analog’ refers to the processes of any system that at some level of description can be characterized as t ...
A neural basis for a false memory
... Experience often does not produce veridical memory. Understanding false attribution of events constitutes an important problem in memory research. ‘‘Peak shift’’ is a well-characterized, controllable phenomenon in which human and animal subjects that receive reinforcement associated with one sensory ...
... Experience often does not produce veridical memory. Understanding false attribution of events constitutes an important problem in memory research. ‘‘Peak shift’’ is a well-characterized, controllable phenomenon in which human and animal subjects that receive reinforcement associated with one sensory ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... the main experiments and some controls. Side-of-Figure Selectivity A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure ...
... the main experiments and some controls. Side-of-Figure Selectivity A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure ...
Reinforcement Learning and the Basal Ganglia
... environment. The capacity of the environment to provide rewards to the organism as a result of its actions, is the basis for this type of learning(Sutton & Barto, 1998). The core ideas of modern reinforcement learning come from classical and instrumental conditioning theories in psychology (although ...
... environment. The capacity of the environment to provide rewards to the organism as a result of its actions, is the basis for this type of learning(Sutton & Barto, 1998). The core ideas of modern reinforcement learning come from classical and instrumental conditioning theories in psychology (although ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... PTx - pertussis toxin treatment TBS - theta burst stimulation V1 - primary visual cortex ...
... PTx - pertussis toxin treatment TBS - theta burst stimulation V1 - primary visual cortex ...
Cerebellar control of the inferior olive
... muscle that would disinhibit the nuclear cells and cause a prolonged blink or a prolonged facilitation of the blink reflex (50). Whatever its function, the tonic effect of climbing fibre input on Purkinje cells is well established. We reasoned that an increased firing in the Purkinje cell would inhi ...
... muscle that would disinhibit the nuclear cells and cause a prolonged blink or a prolonged facilitation of the blink reflex (50). Whatever its function, the tonic effect of climbing fibre input on Purkinje cells is well established. We reasoned that an increased firing in the Purkinje cell would inhi ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... that only - 19% of frontal eye field neurons have purely postsaccadic activity. The majority of neurons recorded from by Bruce and Goldberg in awake behaving monkeys had some form of activity that preceded visually guided saccadic eye movements, including a range of neuron activity from purely visua ...
... that only - 19% of frontal eye field neurons have purely postsaccadic activity. The majority of neurons recorded from by Bruce and Goldberg in awake behaving monkeys had some form of activity that preceded visually guided saccadic eye movements, including a range of neuron activity from purely visua ...
Mutations affecting the development of the embryonic zebrafish brain
... The relative simplicity of the embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain, and the powerful embryological and genetic methodology applicable to its analysis, promise further insights into vertebrate brain morphogenesis (Wilson and Easter, 1992; Kimmel, 1993; Driever et al., 1994). During zebrafish embr ...
... The relative simplicity of the embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain, and the powerful embryological and genetic methodology applicable to its analysis, promise further insights into vertebrate brain morphogenesis (Wilson and Easter, 1992; Kimmel, 1993; Driever et al., 1994). During zebrafish embr ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... of these impressions are true or false; for one kind is no more true than another, but equally so. And hence Democritus says that either there is no truth or we cannot discover it. Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.1009b. (Taylor 1999) ...
... of these impressions are true or false; for one kind is no more true than another, but equally so. And hence Democritus says that either there is no truth or we cannot discover it. Aristotle, Metaphysics 4.1009b. (Taylor 1999) ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... effective, electrode-based methods are labor-intensive, potentially damaging to the cortex and can have off-target effects. As an alternative method of motor mapping, we photostimulated transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 in predominantly layer-5 output cort ...
... effective, electrode-based methods are labor-intensive, potentially damaging to the cortex and can have off-target effects. As an alternative method of motor mapping, we photostimulated transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 in predominantly layer-5 output cort ...
Brainstem (II)
... and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nuclei (nuclei gracilis and cuneatus). Axons from these nuclei (2nd order neurons) cross the midline ...
... and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nuclei (nuclei gracilis and cuneatus). Axons from these nuclei (2nd order neurons) cross the midline ...
Using calcium imaging to understand function and learning in L2/3
... organization and functional basis of this sparse code is not well understood. I conducted two studies to characterize function and learning in the cortex. In the first study, I used population calcium i ...
... organization and functional basis of this sparse code is not well understood. I conducted two studies to characterize function and learning in the cortex. In the first study, I used population calcium i ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
spinal cord
... Consciousness • Modern brain-imaging techniques suggest that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain based on activity in many areas of the cortex ...
... Consciousness • Modern brain-imaging techniques suggest that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain based on activity in many areas of the cortex ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.