Paper - Wharton Marketing
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... of firing [15]. Within the VTA, these classic DA neurons occupy a more lateral position and project to the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens. VTA DA neurons that project to the core or more medial aspects of the NAc and those that project to the PFC show smaller amplitude AHPs, less regular fir ...
... of firing [15]. Within the VTA, these classic DA neurons occupy a more lateral position and project to the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens. VTA DA neurons that project to the core or more medial aspects of the NAc and those that project to the PFC show smaller amplitude AHPs, less regular fir ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... children are not usually placed on a restricted diet. Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, ...
... children are not usually placed on a restricted diet. Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... cortex in that study, interacting only at the higher level of parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefore suggested that attentional competition between stimuli in oppo ...
... cortex in that study, interacting only at the higher level of parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefore suggested that attentional competition between stimuli in oppo ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area PO, leaving unnamed the visually less-responsive cortical region dorsal to ...
... dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area PO, leaving unnamed the visually less-responsive cortical region dorsal to ...
The human medial geniculate body
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
Module 1 - Doral Academy Preparatory
... – stringlike bundles of axons and dendrites that come from the spinal cord and are held together by connective tissue – carry information from the senses, skin, muscles, and the body’s organs to and from the spinal cord – nerves in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to grow or reattach i ...
... – stringlike bundles of axons and dendrites that come from the spinal cord and are held together by connective tissue – carry information from the senses, skin, muscles, and the body’s organs to and from the spinal cord – nerves in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to grow or reattach i ...
Action recognition in the premotor cortex
... were actions in which the experimenter's hand or mouth interacted with objects. The responses evoked by these stimuli were highly consistent and did not habituate. The presentation of common visual objects, including interesting stimuli such as food items, sight of faces or body movements were ineff ...
... were actions in which the experimenter's hand or mouth interacted with objects. The responses evoked by these stimuli were highly consistent and did not habituate. The presentation of common visual objects, including interesting stimuli such as food items, sight of faces or body movements were ineff ...
Visual Analysis of Perceptual and Cognitive Processes
... knowledge processes. Besides using only simple word lists of identifiers for graphical elements our approach goes further and allows us to annotate areas on visualizations with more complex information from ontological models about graphical knowledge as presented by Pinker et al. in his visual sear ...
... knowledge processes. Besides using only simple word lists of identifiers for graphical elements our approach goes further and allows us to annotate areas on visualizations with more complex information from ontological models about graphical knowledge as presented by Pinker et al. in his visual sear ...
Receptive-Field Characteristics of Neurons in Cat Striate Cortex
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... samples with peak areas of known concentrations of standards, analyzed on the same day. The detection limit for GABA, glutamate, and histamine is 20 fmol each, as in our previous studies (22, 23). Because of individual variation of the microdialysis probes (variation of recovery rate, and microenvir ...
... samples with peak areas of known concentrations of standards, analyzed on the same day. The detection limit for GABA, glutamate, and histamine is 20 fmol each, as in our previous studies (22, 23). Because of individual variation of the microdialysis probes (variation of recovery rate, and microenvir ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... the organization and function of touch. We then show how these principles apply to sensation and perception in primates. Mice and rats are active in dark environments and have poor vision; their survival depends on the sense of touch. Through the whiskers, the brain builds up percepts of objects: th ...
... the organization and function of touch. We then show how these principles apply to sensation and perception in primates. Mice and rats are active in dark environments and have poor vision; their survival depends on the sense of touch. Through the whiskers, the brain builds up percepts of objects: th ...
Receptive-Field Characteristics of Neurons in Cat
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
... neurons had cell-like action potentials (6). It is possible, even using these criteria, that these two neurons may have been fibers from the interlaminar layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (39). While many of our cortical neurons responded to a very wide range of stimulus orientations, all but ...
Extended PDF
... SS, somatosensory cortex; MO, motor cortex; AUD, auditory cortex; VISal, visual cortex; PTLp, posterior parietal association areas; Medial, including anterior cingulate area, dorsal peduncular area, infralimbic area, prelimbic area, and retrosplenial area. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n.s., not ...
... SS, somatosensory cortex; MO, motor cortex; AUD, auditory cortex; VISal, visual cortex; PTLp, posterior parietal association areas; Medial, including anterior cingulate area, dorsal peduncular area, infralimbic area, prelimbic area, and retrosplenial area. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n.s., not ...
INTENTIONAL ATTUNEMENT: MIRROR NEURONS
... But what is an action intention? Determining why action A (grasping the cup) was executed, that is, determining its intention, can be equivalent to detecting the goal of the still not executed and impending subsequent action (say, drinking from the cup). In a recently published functional Magnetic R ...
... But what is an action intention? Determining why action A (grasping the cup) was executed, that is, determining its intention, can be equivalent to detecting the goal of the still not executed and impending subsequent action (say, drinking from the cup). In a recently published functional Magnetic R ...
PDF Format
... RE nucleus (Steriade et al. 1985) and absence of a priming role in spindling as assessed by direct recording of localcircuit thalamic neurons (Bal et al. 1995 ) . We asked the following questions. 1) Is the slow oscillation present in the thalamus after massive ipsilateral decortication and callosal ...
... RE nucleus (Steriade et al. 1985) and absence of a priming role in spindling as assessed by direct recording of localcircuit thalamic neurons (Bal et al. 1995 ) . We asked the following questions. 1) Is the slow oscillation present in the thalamus after massive ipsilateral decortication and callosal ...
Wide field-of-view, twin-region two-photon imaging across extended
... areas (PM, AM, A, RL, AL, LM, and LI). (b) To examine activity in multiple cortical areas, it is necessary to have a large field of view. Conventional two-photon imaging is limited to narrow border regions that fail to cover significant portions of mouse cortical areas. By contrast, a expanded field ...
... areas (PM, AM, A, RL, AL, LM, and LI). (b) To examine activity in multiple cortical areas, it is necessary to have a large field of view. Conventional two-photon imaging is limited to narrow border regions that fail to cover significant portions of mouse cortical areas. By contrast, a expanded field ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
... instead topographically related to other biologically relevant features. These higher-level representations are often referred to as computational maps because they are generated as a result of integrative processes that take place within the brain. Computational maps provide a means by which more c ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... Membrane-associated cuyspectrin is present at birth at its adult levels, but cytoplasmic a&spectrin is expressed only following the second postnatal week. Similarly, the 4-fold difference in cytoplasmic ay-spectrin content across brain regions develops during the third postnatal week. In this compar ...
... Membrane-associated cuyspectrin is present at birth at its adult levels, but cytoplasmic a&spectrin is expressed only following the second postnatal week. Similarly, the 4-fold difference in cytoplasmic ay-spectrin content across brain regions develops during the third postnatal week. In this compar ...
Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? How do the brain and spinal cord interact, and what are some misconceptions about the brain, and what is neuroplasticity? How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with ...
... How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? How do the brain and spinal cord interact, and what are some misconceptions about the brain, and what is neuroplasticity? How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... Haberly, University of Wisconsin). A neuron’s membrane potential was calculated by subtracting the recorded intracellular voltage from the extracellular DC potential just after coming out of the cell. The input resistance of the cell was taken to be the slope of the linear portion of the current–vol ...
... Haberly, University of Wisconsin). A neuron’s membrane potential was calculated by subtracting the recorded intracellular voltage from the extracellular DC potential just after coming out of the cell. The input resistance of the cell was taken to be the slope of the linear portion of the current–vol ...
Computational principles underlying recognition
... complex where they synapse onto auditory interneurons that form a dense auditory neuropil which harbors a first important processing module. Several types of local neurons have been described; some of them exist as twins or triplets (Römer and Marquart 1984; Stumpner 1988; Stumpner and Ronacher 1991 ...
... complex where they synapse onto auditory interneurons that form a dense auditory neuropil which harbors a first important processing module. Several types of local neurons have been described; some of them exist as twins or triplets (Römer and Marquart 1984; Stumpner 1988; Stumpner and Ronacher 1991 ...
The thalamus as a putative biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders
... receive their primary excitatory inputs (or drivers) from pyramidal cells in layer V of the ipsilateral cortex. These particular inputs to the higher order nuclei resemble the main peripheral or subcortical inputs to the first order nuclei, not only in the nature of their structure and synapses they ...
... receive their primary excitatory inputs (or drivers) from pyramidal cells in layer V of the ipsilateral cortex. These particular inputs to the higher order nuclei resemble the main peripheral or subcortical inputs to the first order nuclei, not only in the nature of their structure and synapses they ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... (e.g., a valence-neutral face) at 8 spikes/sec, when each pattern is presented alone. This neuron would respond at about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averag ...
... (e.g., a valence-neutral face) at 8 spikes/sec, when each pattern is presented alone. This neuron would respond at about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averag ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears to be an associative network well suited to allow for both local and between-area associative learning (Braitenberg & Schüz, 1991; Fuster, 1994; Palm, 1982). If neurons in an associative network exhibit correlated activity ...
... which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears to be an associative network well suited to allow for both local and between-area associative learning (Braitenberg & Schüz, 1991; Fuster, 1994; Palm, 1982). If neurons in an associative network exhibit correlated activity ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.