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I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... reaching movement toward a bookshelf, he/she will have little doubt that the person in question is going to pick up a book, even if the book is not visible. Full visual information about an action is not necessary to recognize its goal. Action understanding could be based on a mechanism that can tri ...
... reaching movement toward a bookshelf, he/she will have little doubt that the person in question is going to pick up a book, even if the book is not visible. Full visual information about an action is not necessary to recognize its goal. Action understanding could be based on a mechanism that can tri ...
This article was originally published in the
... attention. This idea is supported by the finding that blood flow to PCC increases when spatial attention is shifted contralaterally, whereas blood flow to ACC increases in a nonselective fashion. Cingulate cortex is unique among attentional control areas by virtue of its strong connections to limbic ...
... attention. This idea is supported by the finding that blood flow to PCC increases when spatial attention is shifted contralaterally, whereas blood flow to ACC increases in a nonselective fashion. Cingulate cortex is unique among attentional control areas by virtue of its strong connections to limbic ...
New insights into the anatomo-functional connectivity of the
... without stimulation separated each stimulation, and no site was stimulated twice in a row in order to avoid seizures. Each cortical site (size: 5 mm 3 5 mm, due to the spatial resolution of the probe) of the entire cortex exposed by the bone flap was tested three times. Indeed, since the seminal pub ...
... without stimulation separated each stimulation, and no site was stimulated twice in a row in order to avoid seizures. Each cortical site (size: 5 mm 3 5 mm, due to the spatial resolution of the probe) of the entire cortex exposed by the bone flap was tested three times. Indeed, since the seminal pub ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... Among terrestrial mammals, elephants share the unique status, along with humans and great apes, of having large brains, being longlived and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants have the largest brains of all terrestrial mammals, including the greatest volume of cerebra ...
... Among terrestrial mammals, elephants share the unique status, along with humans and great apes, of having large brains, being longlived and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants have the largest brains of all terrestrial mammals, including the greatest volume of cerebra ...
Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ...
... Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... A critical cognitive ability is the flexibility to change one’s behavior based on context. Day-to-day life is full of such situations. For example, one often answers their phone when it rings but mutes it in a lecture. These context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowin ...
... A critical cognitive ability is the flexibility to change one’s behavior based on context. Day-to-day life is full of such situations. For example, one often answers their phone when it rings but mutes it in a lecture. These context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowin ...
PERSPECTIVES
... between the observed action they responded to and the executed action that triggered their discharge. It therefore seems that there are three interconnected areas in the monkey brain that contain neurons that are responsive to biological movements. These areas differ in their motor properties. In F5 ...
... between the observed action they responded to and the executed action that triggered their discharge. It therefore seems that there are three interconnected areas in the monkey brain that contain neurons that are responsive to biological movements. These areas differ in their motor properties. In F5 ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... in L6. Secondary motor cortex (M2) inputs excited neurons mainly in L5B, including pyramidal tract neurons. In contrast, thalamocortical inputs from anterior motor-related thalamic regions, including VA/VL (ventral anterior thalamic nucleus/ventrolateral thalamic nucleus), targeted neurons in L2/3 t ...
... in L6. Secondary motor cortex (M2) inputs excited neurons mainly in L5B, including pyramidal tract neurons. In contrast, thalamocortical inputs from anterior motor-related thalamic regions, including VA/VL (ventral anterior thalamic nucleus/ventrolateral thalamic nucleus), targeted neurons in L2/3 t ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... the specific ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity. B, Competition studies showing the specificity of binding to ZIF 268 consensus sequence. The first lane (Probe) shows 0.25 ng of end-labeled probe without extract; the second (Nil) shows the retardation of the ZIF 268 probe caused by nuclear proteins from v ...
... the specific ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity. B, Competition studies showing the specificity of binding to ZIF 268 consensus sequence. The first lane (Probe) shows 0.25 ng of end-labeled probe without extract; the second (Nil) shows the retardation of the ZIF 268 probe caused by nuclear proteins from v ...
Locus coeruleus - Rice CAAM Department
... nucleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of noradrenaline (or "NA", also known as norepinephrine or "NE"). It is composed of mostly medium-size neurons. Melanin granules inside the neurons of the LC contribute to its blue color. Thus, it is also known as the nucleus pigmentosus pontis, mean ...
... nucleus is the principal site for brain synthesis of noradrenaline (or "NA", also known as norepinephrine or "NE"). It is composed of mostly medium-size neurons. Melanin granules inside the neurons of the LC contribute to its blue color. Thus, it is also known as the nucleus pigmentosus pontis, mean ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior cingulate cortex, the orbital prefrontal cortex, the ventral striatum, the ventral pallidum, and the midbrain dopamine ...
... Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior cingulate cortex, the orbital prefrontal cortex, the ventral striatum, the ventral pallidum, and the midbrain dopamine ...
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of
... signals related to positive and negative outcomes influence subsequent choices oppositely is not known. In the present study, we trained rhesus monkeys in a tokenbased binary choice task, in which tokens exchangeable with juice reward could be gained or lost. During this task, gains and losses are e ...
... signals related to positive and negative outcomes influence subsequent choices oppositely is not known. In the present study, we trained rhesus monkeys in a tokenbased binary choice task, in which tokens exchangeable with juice reward could be gained or lost. During this task, gains and losses are e ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
... Communication Between Neurons LO 2.2 How Neurons Use Neurotransmitters to Communicate ...
... Communication Between Neurons LO 2.2 How Neurons Use Neurotransmitters to Communicate ...
The Neuropsychology of Sigmund Freud
... is continually modified-i.e., the net is stimulus bound-and it retains little. If, on the other hand, the retentive capacities of the network are overemphasized, "one-trial learning" and inability to allow subsequent modification characterizes the behavior of the system. Freud examines the retentive ...
... is continually modified-i.e., the net is stimulus bound-and it retains little. If, on the other hand, the retentive capacities of the network are overemphasized, "one-trial learning" and inability to allow subsequent modification characterizes the behavior of the system. Freud examines the retentive ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... which is a ventral extension of the CD-PUT (199). Although the basal ganglia have limited routes for their inputs and outputs, individual nuclei are often connected with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is ...
... which is a ventral extension of the CD-PUT (199). Although the basal ganglia have limited routes for their inputs and outputs, individual nuclei are often connected with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connecti ...
... and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated using one excitatory cell as an example: E→I connection is shown in black, I→E connecti ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... task using a graded series of morphed emotional faces (an experimentally generated bi-state percept). They found an inverted-U-shaped correlation between perceptual choice and both reaction time (which represented the decision-making process) and bilateral AIC/IFG (R>L) and ACC activation. They conc ...
... task using a graded series of morphed emotional faces (an experimentally generated bi-state percept). They found an inverted-U-shaped correlation between perceptual choice and both reaction time (which represented the decision-making process) and bilateral AIC/IFG (R>L) and ACC activation. They conc ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... network, supposedly responsible for the building of human pain sensation, consists of a basic core formed by the suprasylvian opercular area, the mid- and posterior insula and the mid-anterior cingulate cortex, which are systematically activated by noxious stimuli, but also a number of other regions ...
... network, supposedly responsible for the building of human pain sensation, consists of a basic core formed by the suprasylvian opercular area, the mid- and posterior insula and the mid-anterior cingulate cortex, which are systematically activated by noxious stimuli, but also a number of other regions ...
Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5‐HTP on food
... food (high calories, proteins, carbohydrates) and nonfood movie stimuli. Results: Within the 5-HTP group, a comparison of food and nonfood stimuli showed significant responses that included the limbic system, the basal ganglia, and the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. For the vitamin C ...
... food (high calories, proteins, carbohydrates) and nonfood movie stimuli. Results: Within the 5-HTP group, a comparison of food and nonfood stimuli showed significant responses that included the limbic system, the basal ganglia, and the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. For the vitamin C ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were gently agitated in 0.3% H2O2 to reduce background enzymes and then in 0.1 M ...
... cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were gently agitated in 0.3% H2O2 to reduce background enzymes and then in 0.1 M ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... with switching tasks. This finding supports the theory that between-task competition is a critical determinant of behavior. Task switching was also associated with increased activity in a network of regions implicated in cognitive control, including lateral PFC and parietal cortex. Within this netwo ...
... with switching tasks. This finding supports the theory that between-task competition is a critical determinant of behavior. Task switching was also associated with increased activity in a network of regions implicated in cognitive control, including lateral PFC and parietal cortex. Within this netwo ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.