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... require only brain stem centers for the generation of a response (128). Accordingly, Furlong et al. (56) found that “Stress responses to inputs coming from lower CNS levels may not require more than brain stem centres (medulla pons and midbrain) to orchestrate the appropriate cardiovascular and beha ...
... require only brain stem centers for the generation of a response (128). Accordingly, Furlong et al. (56) found that “Stress responses to inputs coming from lower CNS levels may not require more than brain stem centres (medulla pons and midbrain) to orchestrate the appropriate cardiovascular and beha ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears to be an associative network well suited to allow for both local and between-area associative learning (Braitenberg & Schüz, 1991; Fuster, 1994; Palm, 1982). If neurons in an associative network exhibit correlated activity ...
... which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears to be an associative network well suited to allow for both local and between-area associative learning (Braitenberg & Schüz, 1991; Fuster, 1994; Palm, 1982). If neurons in an associative network exhibit correlated activity ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... from outside the injected areas were not responsive to light stimulation. Thus, optogenetic inhibition of MSNs was able to block firing in response to excitatory currents which were many times greater than synaptic inputs recorded in vivo (Wickens and Wilson 1998). ...
... from outside the injected areas were not responsive to light stimulation. Thus, optogenetic inhibition of MSNs was able to block firing in response to excitatory currents which were many times greater than synaptic inputs recorded in vivo (Wickens and Wilson 1998). ...
Nervous Systems
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge • However, it has recently been shown that birds also demonstrate cognition even though they lack a neocortex Copyright © 2008 Pearson Ed ...
... convoluted surface called the neocortex, which was previously thought to be required for cognition • Cognition is the perception and reasoning that form knowledge • However, it has recently been shown that birds also demonstrate cognition even though they lack a neocortex Copyright © 2008 Pearson Ed ...
Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
... the original data. (A) In early learning trials, a single dopamine cell responds to the delivery of the reward, but is barely excited by the delivery of the predictive stimulus. This is matched by the temporal difference prediction error dðtÞ; which follows the reward signal rðtÞ: (B) In later learn ...
... the original data. (A) In early learning trials, a single dopamine cell responds to the delivery of the reward, but is barely excited by the delivery of the predictive stimulus. This is matched by the temporal difference prediction error dðtÞ; which follows the reward signal rðtÞ: (B) In later learn ...
disparity detection from stereo
... However, existing networks that have been applied to binocular stimuli are either bottom-up self-organizing maps (SOM) type or error-back propagation type. There has been no biological evidence to support error back-propagation, but the Hebbian type of learning has been supported by the Spike-time d ...
... However, existing networks that have been applied to binocular stimuli are either bottom-up self-organizing maps (SOM) type or error-back propagation type. There has been no biological evidence to support error back-propagation, but the Hebbian type of learning has been supported by the Spike-time d ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig 5.12 (A) Recognition performance of 15 subjects who had to identify the presence of an animal in a visual scene (presented for only 20 ms) versus their mean reaction time. (B) Event-related potential averaged over frontal electrodes across the 15 subjects. ...
... Fig 5.12 (A) Recognition performance of 15 subjects who had to identify the presence of an animal in a visual scene (presented for only 20 ms) versus their mean reaction time. (B) Event-related potential averaged over frontal electrodes across the 15 subjects. ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... The functional lesion hypothesis received support from studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005 ...
... The functional lesion hypothesis received support from studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005 ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig 5.12 (A) Recognition performance of 15 subjects who had to identify the presence of an animal in a visual scene (presented for only 20 ms) versus their mean reaction time. (B) Event-related potential averaged over frontal electrodes across the 15 subjects. ...
... Fig 5.12 (A) Recognition performance of 15 subjects who had to identify the presence of an animal in a visual scene (presented for only 20 ms) versus their mean reaction time. (B) Event-related potential averaged over frontal electrodes across the 15 subjects. ...
Brainstem
... level of superior colliculus Nucleus of superior colliculus - involved in visual reflex and eye movement - inputs -- from cerebral cortex (visual areas ) : corticocollicular fibers -- from retina -- from spinal cord : ascend with spinothalamic tract -- from inferior colliculus : eye and head are tur ...
... level of superior colliculus Nucleus of superior colliculus - involved in visual reflex and eye movement - inputs -- from cerebral cortex (visual areas ) : corticocollicular fibers -- from retina -- from spinal cord : ascend with spinothalamic tract -- from inferior colliculus : eye and head are tur ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... The monkeys were trained on three tasks, run consecutively in each session (Figure 2). The first two tasks were mainly used for stimulus and unit selection. We will briefly report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (se ...
... The monkeys were trained on three tasks, run consecutively in each session (Figure 2). The first two tasks were mainly used for stimulus and unit selection. We will briefly report some results from these tasks, but our focus here will be on the main task, an active shape–saccade association task (se ...
DEMYSTIFYING THE BRAIN V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
... This book is about the neural information processing principles, since the aim of this book is to demystify and deconstruct the brain. The first chapter in the book, as it presents a brief history of ideas about brain, also introduces some of the key ideas and concepts. The second chapter sets out t ...
... This book is about the neural information processing principles, since the aim of this book is to demystify and deconstruct the brain. The first chapter in the book, as it presents a brief history of ideas about brain, also introduces some of the key ideas and concepts. The second chapter sets out t ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... and non-motor information arises from the massive, topographically and functionally organized cortical projections [14–16] that provide anatomical evidence for the functional subdivision into sensorimotor, associative, and limbic territories within the basal ganglia. Some years ago, the basal gangli ...
... and non-motor information arises from the massive, topographically and functionally organized cortical projections [14–16] that provide anatomical evidence for the functional subdivision into sensorimotor, associative, and limbic territories within the basal ganglia. Some years ago, the basal gangli ...
PubMed Central CANADA
... close other. We also aimed to provide converging evidence of DN involvement from across-task functional connectivity, and resting-state functional connectivity analyses, to provide a more comprehensive delineation of this network. Using functional MRI we measured brain activity in young adults durin ...
... close other. We also aimed to provide converging evidence of DN involvement from across-task functional connectivity, and resting-state functional connectivity analyses, to provide a more comprehensive delineation of this network. Using functional MRI we measured brain activity in young adults durin ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • Parasympathetic Division • Preganglionic fibers originate in brain stem and sacral segments of spinal cord; craniosacral • Synapse in ganglia close to (or within) target organs • Preganglionic fibers are long • Postganglionic fibers are short • Parasympathetic division stimulates visceral activity ...
... • Parasympathetic Division • Preganglionic fibers originate in brain stem and sacral segments of spinal cord; craniosacral • Synapse in ganglia close to (or within) target organs • Preganglionic fibers are long • Postganglionic fibers are short • Parasympathetic division stimulates visceral activity ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... E-mail address: [email protected] ...
... E-mail address: [email protected] ...
EXERCISE TRAINING AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Exercise training and the SNS exercise therapies. However, as mentioned, it is now recognized that a sedentary lifestyle has a significant impact on chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease.2,3 Thus, it is becoming increasingly relevant to compare physical activity with sedentary conditio ...
... Exercise training and the SNS exercise therapies. However, as mentioned, it is now recognized that a sedentary lifestyle has a significant impact on chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease.2,3 Thus, it is becoming increasingly relevant to compare physical activity with sedentary conditio ...
Word Definition 12 Cranial Nerve innervation of
... The neurons of these nuclei are activated by simultaneous and matching movements of all objects and contours in large parts of the visual field. The directions of movement correspond to the head movements to which the semicircular canals of the vestibular system are sensitive. Optic tract axons that ...
... The neurons of these nuclei are activated by simultaneous and matching movements of all objects and contours in large parts of the visual field. The directions of movement correspond to the head movements to which the semicircular canals of the vestibular system are sensitive. Optic tract axons that ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... The techniques of computational neuroscience are particularly useful for analysis of the role of neuromodulators in cortical function. The effects of neuromodulators are slower, longer lasting and more spatially diffuse than neurotransmitters. Understanding the subtle and diffuse influence of neurom ...
... The techniques of computational neuroscience are particularly useful for analysis of the role of neuromodulators in cortical function. The effects of neuromodulators are slower, longer lasting and more spatially diffuse than neurotransmitters. Understanding the subtle and diffuse influence of neurom ...
- Hayden Lab
... We chose to record in area 14 of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a central region of the monkey ventromedial reward network that is analogous to human vmPFC (Ongür and Price, 2000). We chose vmPFC for five reasons. First, a large number of neuroimaging and lesion studies have identified ...
... We chose to record in area 14 of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a central region of the monkey ventromedial reward network that is analogous to human vmPFC (Ongür and Price, 2000). We chose vmPFC for five reasons. First, a large number of neuroimaging and lesion studies have identified ...
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... However, existing networks that have been applied to binocular stimuli are either bottom-up self-organizing maps (SOM) type or error-back propagation type. There has been no biological evidence to support error back-propagation, but the Hebbian type of learning has been supported by the Spike-time d ...
... However, existing networks that have been applied to binocular stimuli are either bottom-up self-organizing maps (SOM) type or error-back propagation type. There has been no biological evidence to support error back-propagation, but the Hebbian type of learning has been supported by the Spike-time d ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... straight ahead (frontal face), 30◦ to the right (profile face), and 30◦ to the left (profile face). The frontal faces consisted of three gaze directions (directed toward and averted to the left or right of the monkey), and the profile faces comprised two gaze directions (directed toward and averted ...
... straight ahead (frontal face), 30◦ to the right (profile face), and 30◦ to the left (profile face). The frontal faces consisted of three gaze directions (directed toward and averted to the left or right of the monkey), and the profile faces comprised two gaze directions (directed toward and averted ...
The Roles of Dopamine - ETH E
... latency of dopamine response would be too short to signal reward. We argue against this view of Redgrave and colleagues. Neural activities in cortical and subcortical areas reflect the anticipated future visual image before a saccade is elicited (Ross et al., 2001). Therefore, these representations ...
... latency of dopamine response would be too short to signal reward. We argue against this view of Redgrave and colleagues. Neural activities in cortical and subcortical areas reflect the anticipated future visual image before a saccade is elicited (Ross et al., 2001). Therefore, these representations ...
The Cytoarchitectonic Map of Constantin von Economo and Georg N
... 1941; Triarhou 2010; Triarhou and del Cerro 2006). One of the overarching grand challenges of neuroscience for the twenty-first century is how does the brain work and produce mental activity and how does physical activity in the brain give rise to behavior (Hougan and Altevogt 2008). It is argued th ...
... 1941; Triarhou 2010; Triarhou and del Cerro 2006). One of the overarching grand challenges of neuroscience for the twenty-first century is how does the brain work and produce mental activity and how does physical activity in the brain give rise to behavior (Hougan and Altevogt 2008). It is argued th ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.