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cHaPter 3
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... A similar pattern was observed across all of the recording sessions. Both animals showed a tendency to start searching from a preferred target location: Monkey S responded quickest to the bottom-right (8/10 recording sessions, p = 3.0 * 10-5, binomial distribution), while monkey W tended to begin fr ...
... A similar pattern was observed across all of the recording sessions. Both animals showed a tendency to start searching from a preferred target location: Monkey S responded quickest to the bottom-right (8/10 recording sessions, p = 3.0 * 10-5, binomial distribution), while monkey W tended to begin fr ...
online age page age page proofs proofs
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
... matter, are mostly nerve fibres that connect distant brain areas to one another. They have a fatty coating that produces the whitish appearance. White matter is found in abundance beneath the cortex. Two wing-shaped cavities (ventricles) are also easily seen. These are in the cerebrum. They are the ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... these depth cues may be integrated in area CIP for the perception of surface orientation in depth. ...
... these depth cues may be integrated in area CIP for the perception of surface orientation in depth. ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... Traditionally, it has been assumed that the understanding of actions performed by others depends on inferential reasoning.1–3 Theoretically, when we witness the actions of others, the information could initially be subjected to sensory processing and then be sent to higher order ‘association’ areas ...
... Traditionally, it has been assumed that the understanding of actions performed by others depends on inferential reasoning.1–3 Theoretically, when we witness the actions of others, the information could initially be subjected to sensory processing and then be sent to higher order ‘association’ areas ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... analyzed using a data acquisition interface and software from Cambridge Electronic Design. In order to induce a discharge pattern similar to that evoked in the awake animal by auditory stimulation, depolarizing current pulses of the same duration (50 ms) were given. The intensity of the current inje ...
... analyzed using a data acquisition interface and software from Cambridge Electronic Design. In order to induce a discharge pattern similar to that evoked in the awake animal by auditory stimulation, depolarizing current pulses of the same duration (50 ms) were given. The intensity of the current inje ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
... Through long-range projection and association fibres the frontal lobes receive sensory information from subcortical nuclei (e.g., thalamus) and sensory cortices (i.e., visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory) and respond to environmental stimuli. These connections are also used to e ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...
Evolution of central pattern generators and rhythmic behaviours
... the tail and leg motor patterns, indicating that these two CPGs coexist in the spinal cord (figure 3c). The leg circuitry arises from the axial CPG circuitry. As the leg CPG becomes separate, the role of nitric oxide (NO) shifts. Initially, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is not expressed in the regions ...
... the tail and leg motor patterns, indicating that these two CPGs coexist in the spinal cord (figure 3c). The leg circuitry arises from the axial CPG circuitry. As the leg CPG becomes separate, the role of nitric oxide (NO) shifts. Initially, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is not expressed in the regions ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... The retrosplenial cortex is situated at the crossroads between the hippocampal formation and many areas of the neocortex, but few studies have examined the connections between the hippocampal formation and the retrosplenial cortex in detail. Each subdivision of the retrosplenial cortex projects to a ...
... The retrosplenial cortex is situated at the crossroads between the hippocampal formation and many areas of the neocortex, but few studies have examined the connections between the hippocampal formation and the retrosplenial cortex in detail. Each subdivision of the retrosplenial cortex projects to a ...
Brainstem (II)
... and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nuclei (nuclei gracilis and cuneatus). Axons from these nuclei (2nd order neurons) cross the midline as pa ...
... and movement of limb and the details of tactile stimuli, enter the spinal cord and ascend through the ipsilateral posterior funiculus (column) and terminates in the ipsilateral posterior column nuclei (nuclei gracilis and cuneatus). Axons from these nuclei (2nd order neurons) cross the midline as pa ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
Reprint () - Centre de recherche CERVO
... also branch profusely in the tectum. 2) Two types of ascending fibers arise from SP5i: Type I fibers are thick and distribute to the Po and to other regions of the midbrain, i.e., the prerubral field, the deep layers of the superior colliculus, the anterior pretectal nucleus, and the ventral part of ...
... also branch profusely in the tectum. 2) Two types of ascending fibers arise from SP5i: Type I fibers are thick and distribute to the Po and to other regions of the midbrain, i.e., the prerubral field, the deep layers of the superior colliculus, the anterior pretectal nucleus, and the ventral part of ...
BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS
... It is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy product. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consu ...
... It is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy product. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consu ...
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: understanding
... young adulthood, especially by examining possible convergence of promising SZ genetic susceptibility factors at the functional levels in vivo. The extraordinary advances in the field over the past 1–2 years enable us to provide an overview of these issues. In particular, we focus on the significance ...
... young adulthood, especially by examining possible convergence of promising SZ genetic susceptibility factors at the functional levels in vivo. The extraordinary advances in the field over the past 1–2 years enable us to provide an overview of these issues. In particular, we focus on the significance ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
Anatomic Studies on the Superior Colliculus
... tree shrew,2S) 29 and monkey.30 In the monkey, the central seven degrees of the retina does not project to the superior colliculus.30 After removal of one eye, no obvious degeneration can be found in the anterior part of the colliculus either by light14-30 or electron microscopy,14 nor can significa ...
... tree shrew,2S) 29 and monkey.30 In the monkey, the central seven degrees of the retina does not project to the superior colliculus.30 After removal of one eye, no obvious degeneration can be found in the anterior part of the colliculus either by light14-30 or electron microscopy,14 nor can significa ...
Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits
... Sompolinsky, 1996). These interactions are often referred to as by the term ‘balanced’ inhibition-excitation (Anderson et al., 2000; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Wilent and Contreras, 2004; Poo and Isaacson, 2009; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011; Xue et al., 2014). Nonetheless, it should b ...
... Sompolinsky, 1996). These interactions are often referred to as by the term ‘balanced’ inhibition-excitation (Anderson et al., 2000; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Wilent and Contreras, 2004; Poo and Isaacson, 2009; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011; Xue et al., 2014). Nonetheless, it should b ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
... DOMENIC CERRI: Nucleus accumbens neuronal activity during a sensory preconditioning task (Under the direction of Regina M. Carelli) The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in associative learning and motivated behavior but its role in Sensory Preconditioning (SPC) remains unknown. ...
... DOMENIC CERRI: Nucleus accumbens neuronal activity during a sensory preconditioning task (Under the direction of Regina M. Carelli) The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in associative learning and motivated behavior but its role in Sensory Preconditioning (SPC) remains unknown. ...
Optical imaging combined with targeted electrical recordings
... Fig. 3. General view of the electrode positioner microdrive. Top: The X /Y positioner stage, with the glass slightly open (left) and fully closed (right). Bottom: Photograph of the positioner microdrive at an angle of 608 on its stand. (A) Transparent sliding window (simple glass/Perspex cover) w ...
... Fig. 3. General view of the electrode positioner microdrive. Top: The X /Y positioner stage, with the glass slightly open (left) and fully closed (right). Bottom: Photograph of the positioner microdrive at an angle of 608 on its stand. (A) Transparent sliding window (simple glass/Perspex cover) w ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... The primary visual cortex, like many other regions of the neocortex, is a topographic map, and is organized such that adjacent neurons respond to adjacent regions of the retina. This retinotopic map, as well as ner structures within it such as ocular dominance columns, forms by the self-organizatio ...
... The primary visual cortex, like many other regions of the neocortex, is a topographic map, and is organized such that adjacent neurons respond to adjacent regions of the retina. This retinotopic map, as well as ner structures within it such as ocular dominance columns, forms by the self-organizatio ...
Rapid Critical Period Induction by Tonic Inhibition in Visual Cortex
... Materials and Methods Animals. Mice carrying a functional disruption of GAD65 were generated as described previously (Asada et al., 1996). GAD65 KO mice were reared with normal visual experience (12 hr light/dark cycle). In Figures 1–3 monocular deprivations were started within the typical WT critic ...
... Materials and Methods Animals. Mice carrying a functional disruption of GAD65 were generated as described previously (Asada et al., 1996). GAD65 KO mice were reared with normal visual experience (12 hr light/dark cycle). In Figures 1–3 monocular deprivations were started within the typical WT critic ...
remembering familiar people: the posterior cingulate cortex and
... AbstractöMost functional imaging studies of memory retrieval investigate memory for standardized laboratory stimuli. However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive pa ...
... AbstractöMost functional imaging studies of memory retrieval investigate memory for standardized laboratory stimuli. However, naturally acquired autobiographical memories di¡er from memories of standardized stimuli in important ways. Neuroimaging studies of natural memories may reveal distinctive pa ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.