BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS
... problem oriented, prioritizing research aiming at solving complex environmental problems in the pursuit of individual well-being within a larger society. When solving problems involving humanenvironment interactions, whether global or local, one must have a model of human nature that predicts the en ...
... problem oriented, prioritizing research aiming at solving complex environmental problems in the pursuit of individual well-being within a larger society. When solving problems involving humanenvironment interactions, whether global or local, one must have a model of human nature that predicts the en ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... attractor neural networks on one hand (which both use widely varying task-dependent computation times until they provide an output) and many cortical computations on the other hand, is that the latter often have to provide an output within a specific and rather short deadline. Hence cortical microcir ...
... attractor neural networks on one hand (which both use widely varying task-dependent computation times until they provide an output) and many cortical computations on the other hand, is that the latter often have to provide an output within a specific and rather short deadline. Hence cortical microcir ...
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... many different in vitro applications, using 64 electrode channels. In a parallel respect, Franke and colleagues [6] used a high-density (HD) electrode array to perform real-time spike sorting for closed-loop experiments that study neural plasticity. These studies exploited the existing electrode arr ...
... many different in vitro applications, using 64 electrode channels. In a parallel respect, Franke and colleagues [6] used a high-density (HD) electrode array to perform real-time spike sorting for closed-loop experiments that study neural plasticity. These studies exploited the existing electrode arr ...
CNS – composed of the brain and spinal cord Cephalization
... Pyramidal cells allow conscious control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements. Their long axons project into the spinal cord forming the massive pyramidal tracts (corticospinal tracts) ...
... Pyramidal cells allow conscious control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements. Their long axons project into the spinal cord forming the massive pyramidal tracts (corticospinal tracts) ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... the neuroanatomical changes relevant to language that accompanied divergence from the last common ancestor of chimpanzees, bonobos and humans, we defined the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of area Tpt, a component of Wernicke’s area, in 12 common chimpanzee brains and used designbased stereologic meth ...
... the neuroanatomical changes relevant to language that accompanied divergence from the last common ancestor of chimpanzees, bonobos and humans, we defined the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of area Tpt, a component of Wernicke’s area, in 12 common chimpanzee brains and used designbased stereologic meth ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... lobe cortex, SST and NPY concentrations were both much higher than normal rats, whereas in TRM cerebellum, neither of them was changed in comparison to the control group. These results were similar with what we discovered via RT-PCR. The distributions of SST and NPY in TRM brains Immunohistochemical ...
... lobe cortex, SST and NPY concentrations were both much higher than normal rats, whereas in TRM cerebellum, neither of them was changed in comparison to the control group. These results were similar with what we discovered via RT-PCR. The distributions of SST and NPY in TRM brains Immunohistochemical ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... This result shows that adding branching dendrites (design III) to the axons-only network (design II) reduces the scaling exponent, implying that, in the limit of large N, this reduces the network volume. Substitution of the axonal diameter, d ⫽ 0.3 m (Braitenberg and Schüz, 1998), and N ⫽ 105 into ...
... This result shows that adding branching dendrites (design III) to the axons-only network (design II) reduces the scaling exponent, implying that, in the limit of large N, this reduces the network volume. Substitution of the axonal diameter, d ⫽ 0.3 m (Braitenberg and Schüz, 1998), and N ⫽ 105 into ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... been comparatively evaluated at the whole-brain level. VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons have distinct firing patterns in vivo (Cohen et al., 2012), and their optogenetic activation produces opposing behavioral effects (Tsai et al., 2009; Tan et al., 2012). Thus, a systematic, comparative analysis of syna ...
... been comparatively evaluated at the whole-brain level. VTA-DA and VTA-GABA neurons have distinct firing patterns in vivo (Cohen et al., 2012), and their optogenetic activation produces opposing behavioral effects (Tsai et al., 2009; Tan et al., 2012). Thus, a systematic, comparative analysis of syna ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... (Kleinschmidt et al., 1987). It is not clear whether the effect of APV in these cases is confined to blocking a mechanism necessary for plasticity, or blocking a more fundamental function such as normal sensory processing. Procedures which produce a general depressant effect on activity in the visua ...
... (Kleinschmidt et al., 1987). It is not clear whether the effect of APV in these cases is confined to blocking a mechanism necessary for plasticity, or blocking a more fundamental function such as normal sensory processing. Procedures which produce a general depressant effect on activity in the visua ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... with certain functions, they were not acting in isolation, but rather in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led r ...
... with certain functions, they were not acting in isolation, but rather in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led r ...
The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... Although the spatially narrow regions of activation estimated in Fig. 1 are highly attractive for applications in which focal activation is required, it is well established that prolonged implantation into the cortex induces a foreign body response that can lead to the formation of a high-impedance ...
... Although the spatially narrow regions of activation estimated in Fig. 1 are highly attractive for applications in which focal activation is required, it is well established that prolonged implantation into the cortex induces a foreign body response that can lead to the formation of a high-impedance ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... input independently at each processing stage or perhaps whenever a large number of presynaptic signals are pooled (Baccus and Meister 2004). Alternatively, it could implement effects early in the processing stream and pass this altered representation to downstream areas. Studies of how adaptation af ...
... input independently at each processing stage or perhaps whenever a large number of presynaptic signals are pooled (Baccus and Meister 2004). Alternatively, it could implement effects early in the processing stream and pass this altered representation to downstream areas. Studies of how adaptation af ...
Atonia-Related Regions in the Rodent Pons and Medulla
... Hajnik, T., Y. Y. Lai, and J. M. Siegel. Atonia-related regions in the rodent pons and medulla. J Neurophysiol 84: 1942–1948, 2000. Electrical stimulation of circumscribed areas of the pontine and medullary reticular formation inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of t ...
... Hajnik, T., Y. Y. Lai, and J. M. Siegel. Atonia-related regions in the rodent pons and medulla. J Neurophysiol 84: 1942–1948, 2000. Electrical stimulation of circumscribed areas of the pontine and medullary reticular formation inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of t ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... Vibrissa resonance has several potentially important neural coding implications. Neural transmission of vibrissa inputs begins in the peripheral input nerve, the trigeminal ganglion (NV), and is relayed somatotopically via the brainstem (Minnery and Simons, 2003) and thalamus (Diamond, 1995) to the ...
... Vibrissa resonance has several potentially important neural coding implications. Neural transmission of vibrissa inputs begins in the peripheral input nerve, the trigeminal ganglion (NV), and is relayed somatotopically via the brainstem (Minnery and Simons, 2003) and thalamus (Diamond, 1995) to the ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. In ...
... compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. In ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... Thus, acetylcholine appears to increase spiking activity in inhibitory interneurons, while decreasing synaptic transmission from these neurons. These effects appear somewhat paradoxical, but as demonstrated in Figure 4, computational modeling provides a framework for understanding such a combination ...
... Thus, acetylcholine appears to increase spiking activity in inhibitory interneurons, while decreasing synaptic transmission from these neurons. These effects appear somewhat paradoxical, but as demonstrated in Figure 4, computational modeling provides a framework for understanding such a combination ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
A forward genetic screen with a thalamocortical emx2
... Figure 1 The TCA-TLZ reporter line marks thalamocortical axons specifically and consistently during development. (A) The TCA-TLZ reporter expresses beta-galactosidase in dorsal thalamic neurons (dTh) starting from E13, and reveals the development of their axon trajectory (TCAs) to cortex (ctx). Cort ...
... Figure 1 The TCA-TLZ reporter line marks thalamocortical axons specifically and consistently during development. (A) The TCA-TLZ reporter expresses beta-galactosidase in dorsal thalamic neurons (dTh) starting from E13, and reveals the development of their axon trajectory (TCAs) to cortex (ctx). Cort ...
hanPNAS11
... Golli-Gfp or lacked CldU, but none expressed ZFPM2. Most importantly, as defined by the highly conservative triple criteria (Golli-Gfp+, ZFPM2+, and CldU−), no L6 neurons were labeled by the retrograde tracer in any of the traced Tbr1+/+ brains (n = 8). In contrast, defined by the same stringent crite ...
... Golli-Gfp or lacked CldU, but none expressed ZFPM2. Most importantly, as defined by the highly conservative triple criteria (Golli-Gfp+, ZFPM2+, and CldU−), no L6 neurons were labeled by the retrograde tracer in any of the traced Tbr1+/+ brains (n = 8). In contrast, defined by the same stringent crite ...
Paper
... cingulate and frontal agranular areas. In macaques, Pearson et al. (1982) and Tanne-Gariepy et al. (2002) examined claustrum afferents to lateral prefrontal areas, including areas 8, 9, 12, and 46, and to motor and premotor areas of frontal cortex. These studies showed that projections to area 46 we ...
... cingulate and frontal agranular areas. In macaques, Pearson et al. (1982) and Tanne-Gariepy et al. (2002) examined claustrum afferents to lateral prefrontal areas, including areas 8, 9, 12, and 46, and to motor and premotor areas of frontal cortex. These studies showed that projections to area 46 we ...
Ventilatory disorders - Chirurgia toracica mini invasiva
... play a major role in normal respiratory control during speech, locomotion, and response to stressors including the defence reaction as shown in experimental studies. These neurons are part of a central pattern generator network that controls the periodic activity of bulbar and spinal motor neurons i ...
... play a major role in normal respiratory control during speech, locomotion, and response to stressors including the defence reaction as shown in experimental studies. These neurons are part of a central pattern generator network that controls the periodic activity of bulbar and spinal motor neurons i ...
Print
... et al. 1977; Luethke et al. 1989; Morel and Kaas 1992; Recanzone et al. 1999); namely, a portion of AI is found on the lateral surface of the temporal gyrus. By densely mapping the temporal gyrus, which is the most accessible portion of primary auditory cortex, we can learn more about the details of ...
... et al. 1977; Luethke et al. 1989; Morel and Kaas 1992; Recanzone et al. 1999); namely, a portion of AI is found on the lateral surface of the temporal gyrus. By densely mapping the temporal gyrus, which is the most accessible portion of primary auditory cortex, we can learn more about the details of ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
... pathways and thus, different modes of adhesion-induced changes in cell physiology, and (3) integrins are capable of synergizing with other cell surface receptor systems to finely modulate a cell’s behavior in response to multiple environmental cues (reviewed by Hynes and Lander, 1992; Vuori and Ruos ...
... pathways and thus, different modes of adhesion-induced changes in cell physiology, and (3) integrins are capable of synergizing with other cell surface receptor systems to finely modulate a cell’s behavior in response to multiple environmental cues (reviewed by Hynes and Lander, 1992; Vuori and Ruos ...
Ch. 49
... profound change occurs in the forebrain, which gives rise to the cerebrum • The outer portion of the cerebrum called the cerebral cortex surrounds much of the brain ...
... profound change occurs in the forebrain, which gives rise to the cerebrum • The outer portion of the cerebrum called the cerebral cortex surrounds much of the brain ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.