![Ascending projections from spinal cord and brainstem to](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017626756_1-a40f88521319996874107aa9d81a1a9e-300x300.png)
Ascending projections from spinal cord and brainstem to
... the termination area of the primary afferents of genitals and bladder (Morgan et al., 1981; Nadelhaft et al., 1983; Ueyama et al., 1984; Thor et al., 1989). The PAG needs this information, because it plays a crucial role in the control of micturition and mating behavior (Sakuma and Pfaff, 1979; Blok ...
... the termination area of the primary afferents of genitals and bladder (Morgan et al., 1981; Nadelhaft et al., 1983; Ueyama et al., 1984; Thor et al., 1989). The PAG needs this information, because it plays a crucial role in the control of micturition and mating behavior (Sakuma and Pfaff, 1979; Blok ...
Pattern adaptation and cross-orientation interactions in the primary
... the tuning of the cells for various stimulus parameters. This literature can be summarized as follows. First, a pattern presented in a cell’s receptive field has to be effective in driving the cell in order to elicit adaptation. Second, adaptation to a given pattern reduces the responses to all subs ...
... the tuning of the cells for various stimulus parameters. This literature can be summarized as follows. First, a pattern presented in a cell’s receptive field has to be effective in driving the cell in order to elicit adaptation. Second, adaptation to a given pattern reduces the responses to all subs ...
Supraspinal control of ejaculation
... SSRIs inhibit desire, erection, & ejac. Less inhibition from SSRIs that also inhibit DA & NE reuptake &/or are 5-HT2 or α2 antagonists. SSRIs and NOS inhibitors used to treat premature ejaculation, but can be TOO ...
... SSRIs inhibit desire, erection, & ejac. Less inhibition from SSRIs that also inhibit DA & NE reuptake &/or are 5-HT2 or α2 antagonists. SSRIs and NOS inhibitors used to treat premature ejaculation, but can be TOO ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... these circuits) remains obscure. Single units alone are inadequate for investigating population activity because they represent only one level of functional organization of a given brain area and thus reflect only a limited part of the information processing (Bullock 1997; Pesaran et al. 2002). This ...
... these circuits) remains obscure. Single units alone are inadequate for investigating population activity because they represent only one level of functional organization of a given brain area and thus reflect only a limited part of the information processing (Bullock 1997; Pesaran et al. 2002). This ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... various oscillatory activities and/or mediated some of them. The electrophysiological identification of a TC neuron is shown in Fig. 2. Usually, a small depolarization of TC neurons with intracellular DC current pulses produces passive response (not shown). Progressive increase in the intensity of t ...
... various oscillatory activities and/or mediated some of them. The electrophysiological identification of a TC neuron is shown in Fig. 2. Usually, a small depolarization of TC neurons with intracellular DC current pulses produces passive response (not shown). Progressive increase in the intensity of t ...
Activity of Ventral Medial Thalamic Neurons during
... Absence seizures are characterized by bilaterally synchronous spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) in the electroencephalogram, which reflect abnormal oscillations in corticothalamic networks. Although it was suggested that basal ganglia could modulate, via their feedback circuits to the cerebral cortex ...
... Absence seizures are characterized by bilaterally synchronous spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) in the electroencephalogram, which reflect abnormal oscillations in corticothalamic networks. Although it was suggested that basal ganglia could modulate, via their feedback circuits to the cerebral cortex ...
Making Arm Movements Within Different Parts of Space: Dynamic
... studied. The signals of single neurons were isolated using a time-amplitude window discriminator, recorded in the form of interspike intervals with 0.1 msec resolution, displayed on-line as rasters of spikes, and stored in digital form. The depth at which each cell was studied along a penetration wa ...
... studied. The signals of single neurons were isolated using a time-amplitude window discriminator, recorded in the form of interspike intervals with 0.1 msec resolution, displayed on-line as rasters of spikes, and stored in digital form. The depth at which each cell was studied along a penetration wa ...
Congruent Activity during Action and Action Observation in Motor
... Committee on Computational Neuroscience, 2Committee on Neurobiology, and 3Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ...
... Committee on Computational Neuroscience, 2Committee on Neurobiology, and 3Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants in the boxes a–z, aa–az, ba– bz, and ca– cr chest movement with a strain gauge (TR-651T; are listed in the supplemental Figures 1 and 2 (available at www.jneurosci.org as suppl ...
... continuously monitored by measuring the individual foods show distinct odorant-category profiles. The names of the odorants in the boxes a–z, aa–az, ba– bz, and ca– cr chest movement with a strain gauge (TR-651T; are listed in the supplemental Figures 1 and 2 (available at www.jneurosci.org as suppl ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... How neurons in the primary motor cortex control arm movements is not yet understood. Here we show that the equations of motion governing reaching simplify when expressed in spatial coordinates. In this fixed reference frame, joint torques are the sums of vector cross products between the spatial pos ...
... How neurons in the primary motor cortex control arm movements is not yet understood. Here we show that the equations of motion governing reaching simplify when expressed in spatial coordinates. In this fixed reference frame, joint torques are the sums of vector cross products between the spatial pos ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... dimensionality reduction). Instead, the method relies on the intrinsic properties of the neural data and does not require an explicit model of the relationship between neural activity and external variables. The SSIMS algorithm begins by embedding the neural data into a high-dimensional pairwise sim ...
... dimensionality reduction). Instead, the method relies on the intrinsic properties of the neural data and does not require an explicit model of the relationship between neural activity and external variables. The SSIMS algorithm begins by embedding the neural data into a high-dimensional pairwise sim ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... cortex (striate), up to extrastriate cortical cells. In the first layer, the receptive field of a photoreceptor neuron corresponds to the region in which light alters the firing response of that cell. For the ganglion cells in the retina, the receptive field encompasses the sensitive areas of their ...
... cortex (striate), up to extrastriate cortical cells. In the first layer, the receptive field of a photoreceptor neuron corresponds to the region in which light alters the firing response of that cell. For the ganglion cells in the retina, the receptive field encompasses the sensitive areas of their ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... of M1: convergence of output, divergence of output, horizontal interconnections, distributed activation, effects of lesions, and ability to reorganize. Review of the classic experiments that led to development of the homunculus and simiusculus shows that these data too were consistent with distribut ...
... of M1: convergence of output, divergence of output, horizontal interconnections, distributed activation, effects of lesions, and ability to reorganize. Review of the classic experiments that led to development of the homunculus and simiusculus shows that these data too were consistent with distribut ...
Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with
... visual stimuli. This percentage is relatively high when compared with previous work from our laboratory on area F5. This is probably because of the fact that during recording the focus of our interest was concentrated on neurons with visual responses and in particular on those responding to biologic ...
... visual stimuli. This percentage is relatively high when compared with previous work from our laboratory on area F5. This is probably because of the fact that during recording the focus of our interest was concentrated on neurons with visual responses and in particular on those responding to biologic ...
AP Fall Final Test Bank 2014 2015
... 43. Neurosurgeons cut the corpus callosum in the brain disrupting communication between the right and left hemispheres to(AP04) (A) Prevent the spread of epileptic seizures (B) Reduce anxiety attacks and phobic reactions (C) Reduce the incidence of violent behaviors (D) Treat schizophrenia (E) Reduc ...
... 43. Neurosurgeons cut the corpus callosum in the brain disrupting communication between the right and left hemispheres to(AP04) (A) Prevent the spread of epileptic seizures (B) Reduce anxiety attacks and phobic reactions (C) Reduce the incidence of violent behaviors (D) Treat schizophrenia (E) Reduc ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... from the hand field of the F1 area (primary motor cortex) were recorded, the thinking being that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neu ...
... from the hand field of the F1 area (primary motor cortex) were recorded, the thinking being that if the observation of the experimenter's actions would trigger some comparable movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neu ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... and memory involves the exploration of how multiple brain regions interact in different learned behaviors (GonzalezLima and McIntosh 1994; McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1994a). Rather than focusing on particular neural structures, the approach emphasizes how the changing relationships among many region ...
... and memory involves the exploration of how multiple brain regions interact in different learned behaviors (GonzalezLima and McIntosh 1994; McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1994a). Rather than focusing on particular neural structures, the approach emphasizes how the changing relationships among many region ...
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Cell Death in
... activity and m2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m2-AChR). Animals subjected to stress and chemicals exhibited both disruption of the BBB and neuronal cell death in the cingulate cortex, the dentate gyrus, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. Other regions of the brain, although they demonstrated ...
... activity and m2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (m2-AChR). Animals subjected to stress and chemicals exhibited both disruption of the BBB and neuronal cell death in the cingulate cortex, the dentate gyrus, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. Other regions of the brain, although they demonstrated ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... cortical circuits adjust to recent visual input, but they have left unclear how a particular sensory event alters the distributed representation of information in the visual system. This is because studies, understandably, have focused on measuring effects with stimuli that are most appropriate for ...
... cortical circuits adjust to recent visual input, but they have left unclear how a particular sensory event alters the distributed representation of information in the visual system. This is because studies, understandably, have focused on measuring effects with stimuli that are most appropriate for ...
View/Open
... Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to movement in the visual scene, or, rarely, even ...
... Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to movement in the visual scene, or, rarely, even ...
Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
Physiology and neuroanatomy of sleep
... • Circadian arousal is largely influenced by ocular exposure to light; thus it rises in the morning, declines with a gradual slope throughout the day, and then declines further beginning in the late evening. • Body temperature is also at its lowest in the early morning, rising throughout the morning ...
... • Circadian arousal is largely influenced by ocular exposure to light; thus it rises in the morning, declines with a gradual slope throughout the day, and then declines further beginning in the late evening. • Body temperature is also at its lowest in the early morning, rising throughout the morning ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... sum from many inhibitory neurons and each cortical inhibitory cell has a fixed phase preference that is different from that of other inhibitory neurons. This view of the nonselective nature of local cortico-cortical inhibitory interactions is supported by the measured phase insensitivity of synaptic ...
... sum from many inhibitory neurons and each cortical inhibitory cell has a fixed phase preference that is different from that of other inhibitory neurons. This view of the nonselective nature of local cortico-cortical inhibitory interactions is supported by the measured phase insensitivity of synaptic ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... colliculus were labelled in this case. A somewhat smaller zone of dense label was found in Case 96-89 (Fig. 3A). While the densely labelled zone included all but the most rostral part of the medial superior colliculus, less of the rostrolateral superior colliculus was included. Yet, projections woul ...
... colliculus were labelled in this case. A somewhat smaller zone of dense label was found in Case 96-89 (Fig. 3A). While the densely labelled zone included all but the most rostral part of the medial superior colliculus, less of the rostrolateral superior colliculus was included. Yet, projections woul ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... lobe, and their primary neurites project medially and bifurcate near the ␣-lobe. In the ␣-lobe feedback neurons form narrow banded, horizontal arborizations in the dorsal and median ␣-lobe; each cell innervates a certain ␣-lobe layer. The neurons form additional branches in the pedunculus and the - ...
... lobe, and their primary neurites project medially and bifurcate near the ␣-lobe. In the ␣-lobe feedback neurons form narrow banded, horizontal arborizations in the dorsal and median ␣-lobe; each cell innervates a certain ␣-lobe layer. The neurons form additional branches in the pedunculus and the - ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.