![Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017229379_1-cd3cb4a3be123b350f80438d673c35d6-300x300.png)
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
Neural Induction in Xenopus: Requirement for Ectodermal and
... The origin of the signals that induce the differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a long-standing question in vertebrate embryology. Here we show that Xenopus neural induction starts earlier than previously thought, at the blastula stage, and requires the combined activity of two dist ...
... The origin of the signals that induce the differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a long-standing question in vertebrate embryology. Here we show that Xenopus neural induction starts earlier than previously thought, at the blastula stage, and requires the combined activity of two dist ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... this study was to determine whether typical subdivisions of these dopamine cell groups are present in mice. The dopamine neuron groups were analysed in 15 adult C57BL/6J mice by anatomically localising tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter protein (DAT), calbindin, and the Gprotein-activat ...
... this study was to determine whether typical subdivisions of these dopamine cell groups are present in mice. The dopamine neuron groups were analysed in 15 adult C57BL/6J mice by anatomically localising tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter protein (DAT), calbindin, and the Gprotein-activat ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... Neocortical architecture is established by both intrinsic, genetic factors and experiencedependent factors. Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and refinement of cortical sensory fields, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). In this thesis, I investigated the ...
... Neocortical architecture is established by both intrinsic, genetic factors and experiencedependent factors. Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and refinement of cortical sensory fields, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). In this thesis, I investigated the ...
gaba-mediated inhibition correlates with orientation selectivity in
... for how synaptic circuitry of the cortex performs a complex computation (Ferster and Miller, 2000). The role of inhibition in establishing sharp orientation selectivity is still debated. Several studies suggested that inhibition has no effect on sharpening orientation selectivity: neurons retain the ...
... for how synaptic circuitry of the cortex performs a complex computation (Ferster and Miller, 2000). The role of inhibition in establishing sharp orientation selectivity is still debated. Several studies suggested that inhibition has no effect on sharpening orientation selectivity: neurons retain the ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
Reticular Formation
... Functions of the Ascending Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Ale ...
... Functions of the Ascending Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Ale ...
Anatomical origins of ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex
... Ocular dominance (OD) plasticity is a classic paradigm for studying the effect of experience and deprivation on cortical development, and is manifested as shifts in the relative strength of binocular inputs to primary visual cortex (V1). The mouse has become an increasingly popular model for mechani ...
... Ocular dominance (OD) plasticity is a classic paradigm for studying the effect of experience and deprivation on cortical development, and is manifested as shifts in the relative strength of binocular inputs to primary visual cortex (V1). The mouse has become an increasingly popular model for mechani ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... Fos immunolabeling alone cannot reveal the circuits through which A2 neurons are recruited by a given stimulus or event, but A2 neurons are consistently activated by treatments or situations that present actual or anticipated threats to bodily homeostasis. In many cases the relevant information is c ...
... Fos immunolabeling alone cannot reveal the circuits through which A2 neurons are recruited by a given stimulus or event, but A2 neurons are consistently activated by treatments or situations that present actual or anticipated threats to bodily homeostasis. In many cases the relevant information is c ...
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks
... This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and publications by the doctoral student, which are printed in the chapters thereafter. In the introductory section, we give first a review of the literature of conditional visuomotor learning. We focus on the specific experiments used to study this pa ...
... This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and publications by the doctoral student, which are printed in the chapters thereafter. In the introductory section, we give first a review of the literature of conditional visuomotor learning. We focus on the specific experiments used to study this pa ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...
... This article describes how taste, olfactory, food texture, and visual inputs are processed in the brain; how a representation of food reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure; how cognition and selective attention influence processing related to food reward value; how this rewa ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... cortex that process hindlimb signals despite infarction to primary forelimb sensory areas40. It is therefore possible that diffuse off-target signalling could be strengthened over the days, weeks and months over which recovery from stroke damage occurs17,41,42. Although spared diffuse connections pr ...
... cortex that process hindlimb signals despite infarction to primary forelimb sensory areas40. It is therefore possible that diffuse off-target signalling could be strengthened over the days, weeks and months over which recovery from stroke damage occurs17,41,42. Although spared diffuse connections pr ...
Somatostatin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Cortical Circuits
... Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that ca ...
... Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that ca ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... neuromodulatory effects, extrasynaptic release of neurotransmitters and information flow between neurons and glia all contribute to information processing. Revisiting the neuron doctrine, these authors suggest that future research beyond its limits may lead to new insights into the unique capabilitie ...
... neuromodulatory effects, extrasynaptic release of neurotransmitters and information flow between neurons and glia all contribute to information processing. Revisiting the neuron doctrine, these authors suggest that future research beyond its limits may lead to new insights into the unique capabilitie ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... hand. Activations in the lateral and some more anterior parts of the orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with the unpleasantness of the stimuli. In contrast, activations in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posterior insula were correlated with the intensity but not the pleasantness of the therm ...
... hand. Activations in the lateral and some more anterior parts of the orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with the unpleasantness of the stimuli. In contrast, activations in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posterior insula were correlated with the intensity but not the pleasantness of the therm ...
The Cerebellum - krigolson teaching
... The cerebellum is also divisible into three areas that have distinctive roles in different kinds of movements: the vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, and cerebrocerebellum (Figure 42–3). The vestibulocerebellum consists of the flocculonodular lobe and is the most primitive part of the cerebellum, ...
... The cerebellum is also divisible into three areas that have distinctive roles in different kinds of movements: the vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, and cerebrocerebellum (Figure 42–3). The vestibulocerebellum consists of the flocculonodular lobe and is the most primitive part of the cerebellum, ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... and molecular mechanisms of central chemosensitivity as well as the neural basis for the integration of central and peripheral chemosensory inputs within the medulla remain challenging issues, but ones that have some emerging answers. ...
... and molecular mechanisms of central chemosensitivity as well as the neural basis for the integration of central and peripheral chemosensory inputs within the medulla remain challenging issues, but ones that have some emerging answers. ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... A study provided evidence in favor of the action understanding theory. Even while a meaningful object was hidden and the last part of a movement could not be seen, some mirror neurons still fired. The monkeys saw beforehand if there was an object present or not. Mirror neurons did not fire when the ...
... A study provided evidence in favor of the action understanding theory. Even while a meaningful object was hidden and the last part of a movement could not be seen, some mirror neurons still fired. The monkeys saw beforehand if there was an object present or not. Mirror neurons did not fire when the ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided intriguing insights into the topography and functional organization of visual cortical areas in the human brain. However, little is known about the functional anatomy of subcortical nuclei. Here, we used high-resolution fMRI (1.5 ⫻ 1.5 ⫻ 2 mm ...
... Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided intriguing insights into the topography and functional organization of visual cortical areas in the human brain. However, little is known about the functional anatomy of subcortical nuclei. Here, we used high-resolution fMRI (1.5 ⫻ 1.5 ⫻ 2 mm ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... that allowed investigators to accurately measure eye movements; Ž3. the introduction of behavioral methods that made it possible to train animals to move their eyes in response to sensory stimuli in predictable, reproducible ways; Ž4. the development of techniques that allowed for making focal brain ...
... that allowed investigators to accurately measure eye movements; Ž3. the introduction of behavioral methods that made it possible to train animals to move their eyes in response to sensory stimuli in predictable, reproducible ways; Ž4. the development of techniques that allowed for making focal brain ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... predict that descending motor command signals should be of the driving forward-type. In the third section, we describe forward-type ascending and backward-type descending connections in the visual system, and use these features to furnish ‘tests’ for forward and backward connections in the motor sys ...
... predict that descending motor command signals should be of the driving forward-type. In the third section, we describe forward-type ascending and backward-type descending connections in the visual system, and use these features to furnish ‘tests’ for forward and backward connections in the motor sys ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... Thompson, & Rosch, 1991; Webb, 1995; Webb, 2009). These state that a real understanding of cognitive processes can only come from computational models which view organisms as entities possessing an entire body (Brooks, 1989) and engaging in interactions with a realistic environment through realistic ...
... Thompson, & Rosch, 1991; Webb, 1995; Webb, 2009). These state that a real understanding of cognitive processes can only come from computational models which view organisms as entities possessing an entire body (Brooks, 1989) and engaging in interactions with a realistic environment through realistic ...
521 THE CHOLINERGIC LIMBIC SYSTEM: PROJECTIONS TO
... (a) Nuclei supplying medial cortex.—The anterior thalamic nuclei are supplied directly by fornix fibres as well as indirectly through the mammillothalamic tract (Guillery, 1966; Nauta, 1956). The anteroventral nucleus is rich in both AChE and ChE, which is located in the cells and extracellularly in ...
... (a) Nuclei supplying medial cortex.—The anterior thalamic nuclei are supplied directly by fornix fibres as well as indirectly through the mammillothalamic tract (Guillery, 1966; Nauta, 1956). The anteroventral nucleus is rich in both AChE and ChE, which is located in the cells and extracellularly in ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... information from lower to higher brain areas and FB interactions conveying top-down modulation to early sensory areas (3). Recently, it has been observed that these interactions are characterized by distinct neural oscillatory patterns: Interactions in the FF direction are associated with enhanced g ...
... information from lower to higher brain areas and FB interactions conveying top-down modulation to early sensory areas (3). Recently, it has been observed that these interactions are characterized by distinct neural oscillatory patterns: Interactions in the FF direction are associated with enhanced g ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.