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Anxiolytic action on the behavioural inhibition system implies
... the loss of behavioural inhibition resulting from impairment of SHS function causes a failure to suppress storage or recall of incorrect alternatives rather than, as is normally assumed, a failure to store or recall correct alternatives.) The most important development of the last 15 years or so has ...
... the loss of behavioural inhibition resulting from impairment of SHS function causes a failure to suppress storage or recall of incorrect alternatives rather than, as is normally assumed, a failure to store or recall correct alternatives.) The most important development of the last 15 years or so has ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
Brain Imaging Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
... Fear conditioning or more accurately “threat conditioning”2 and extinction perspectives have dominated neuroimaging research on PTSD over the last 2 decades. This ubiquity is due in large part to extensive research on a rodent model of threat learning with known neural circuitry that can be translat ...
... Fear conditioning or more accurately “threat conditioning”2 and extinction perspectives have dominated neuroimaging research on PTSD over the last 2 decades. This ubiquity is due in large part to extensive research on a rodent model of threat learning with known neural circuitry that can be translat ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
Complete Pattern of Ocular Dominance Columns in Human Primary
... Key words: cytochrome oxidase; cortical magnification factor; visual field; retinotopic map; flat-mount; V1; V2; amblyopia ...
... Key words: cytochrome oxidase; cortical magnification factor; visual field; retinotopic map; flat-mount; V1; V2; amblyopia ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) The Brain Embryonic Development
... • Wernicke’s area – involved in sounding out unfamiliar words • Broca’s area – speech preparation and production • Lateral prefrontal cortex – language comprehension and word analysis • Lateral and ventral temporal lobe – coordinate auditory and visual aspects of language The Central nervous System ...
... • Wernicke’s area – involved in sounding out unfamiliar words • Broca’s area – speech preparation and production • Lateral prefrontal cortex – language comprehension and word analysis • Lateral and ventral temporal lobe – coordinate auditory and visual aspects of language The Central nervous System ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... ship and Feller, 2010), and abnormal wave patterns during development are subsequently related to neurological disorders (Le Van Quyen et al., 2006; Allène et al., 2008; Seki et al., 2012). Cortical waves are diverse in their spatiotemporal patterns (Arieli et al., 1996; Benucci et al., 2007; Han e ...
... ship and Feller, 2010), and abnormal wave patterns during development are subsequently related to neurological disorders (Le Van Quyen et al., 2006; Allène et al., 2008; Seki et al., 2012). Cortical waves are diverse in their spatiotemporal patterns (Arieli et al., 1996; Benucci et al., 2007; Han e ...
Cortical Parcellations of the Macaque Monkey
... temporal (MT) area and nearby areas in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), and areas in medial and posterior parietal cortex. Another objective of this study was to estimate the total number of distinct cortical areas in the macaque. This number represents a fundamental aspect of brain organization ...
... temporal (MT) area and nearby areas in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), and areas in medial and posterior parietal cortex. Another objective of this study was to estimate the total number of distinct cortical areas in the macaque. This number represents a fundamental aspect of brain organization ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Queensland
... et al., 2009; Pieters et al., 2010; Bux et al., 2010), that all species within an order will exhibit the same complement of homologous nuclei of these systems. This proposal infers that if mega- and microchiropterans belonged to the same mammalian order, they should have the same nuclear organizatio ...
... et al., 2009; Pieters et al., 2010; Bux et al., 2010), that all species within an order will exhibit the same complement of homologous nuclei of these systems. This proposal infers that if mega- and microchiropterans belonged to the same mammalian order, they should have the same nuclear organizatio ...
From Thought to Action
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... should translate into a lack of a preferred orientation for TMS, as the induced current should excite an equivalent fraction of the total horizontal-fiber population in any orientation. Both of the above research groups recognized that isotropically distributed horizontal fibers cannot explain the obs ...
... should translate into a lack of a preferred orientation for TMS, as the induced current should excite an equivalent fraction of the total horizontal-fiber population in any orientation. Both of the above research groups recognized that isotropically distributed horizontal fibers cannot explain the obs ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
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... inappropriate plasticity could be destabilizing and even erase memories. As a result plasticity is regulated to prevent every random stimulus from modifying the brain. Attention is believed to be required for most forms of perceptual learning and regulates the plasticity associated with sensory expe ...
... inappropriate plasticity could be destabilizing and even erase memories. As a result plasticity is regulated to prevent every random stimulus from modifying the brain. Attention is believed to be required for most forms of perceptual learning and regulates the plasticity associated with sensory expe ...
Point-Light Biological Motion Perception Activates Human Premotor
... Image processing and analysis. Image preprocessing and statistical analysis were performed using Analysis of Functional Neuroimages (AFNI) (Cox, 1996), FreeSurfer (Dale et al., 1999; Fischl et al., 1999a), and Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) software packages. For each individual subject, the B0 fiel ...
... Image processing and analysis. Image preprocessing and statistical analysis were performed using Analysis of Functional Neuroimages (AFNI) (Cox, 1996), FreeSurfer (Dale et al., 1999; Fischl et al., 1999a), and Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) software packages. For each individual subject, the B0 fiel ...
Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep and Waking
... Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different neurotransmitters play a role in some aspect of an animal’s level of alertness and wakefulness—what is commonly called arousal: acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and orexin (Wada et al., 1991; McCormick, 1992; Marrocco, Witt ...
... Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different neurotransmitters play a role in some aspect of an animal’s level of alertness and wakefulness—what is commonly called arousal: acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and orexin (Wada et al., 1991; McCormick, 1992; Marrocco, Witt ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... located in the eye. Upon perception of light the PRs will send a signal to target neurons, which represent a first station of visual processing. Increasing complexity of visual processing stems from the number of distinct PR subtypes and their various types of target neurons that are contacted. The v ...
... located in the eye. Upon perception of light the PRs will send a signal to target neurons, which represent a first station of visual processing. Increasing complexity of visual processing stems from the number of distinct PR subtypes and their various types of target neurons that are contacted. The v ...
Vigneau et al.
... processing, the evidence for an elementary audio – motor loop involved in both comprehension and production of syllables including the primary auditory areas and the motor mouth area, evidence of areas of overlap between phonological and semantic processing, in particular at the location of the sele ...
... processing, the evidence for an elementary audio – motor loop involved in both comprehension and production of syllables including the primary auditory areas and the motor mouth area, evidence of areas of overlap between phonological and semantic processing, in particular at the location of the sele ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... of cell movement. The first cohort of neurons that migrate out of the cortical VZ constitutes the preplate (reviewed in Allendoerfer & Shatz 1994), originally described in Golgi-stained preparations as the primordial plexiform layer (Marı́nPadilla 1971). The second wave of neuronal migration forms t ...
... of cell movement. The first cohort of neurons that migrate out of the cortical VZ constitutes the preplate (reviewed in Allendoerfer & Shatz 1994), originally described in Golgi-stained preparations as the primordial plexiform layer (Marı́nPadilla 1971). The second wave of neuronal migration forms t ...
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... The Actor/Critic architecture is by no means the only solution to the credit assignment problem – it is certainly not the most efficient solution or computationally sound option (see Sutton and Barto, 1998 for a variety of other reinforcement learning algorithms). However, converging behavioral, ana ...
... The Actor/Critic architecture is by no means the only solution to the credit assignment problem – it is certainly not the most efficient solution or computationally sound option (see Sutton and Barto, 1998 for a variety of other reinforcement learning algorithms). However, converging behavioral, ana ...
Preserving information in neural transmission - CNL
... The last variant of the equation for the overall information carried by the arrival times of single spikes is very similar to the expression for the information with respect to stimulus components along dimension v. The only difference is that instead of the full, unreduced stimulus s, we take stimu ...
... The last variant of the equation for the overall information carried by the arrival times of single spikes is very similar to the expression for the information with respect to stimulus components along dimension v. The only difference is that instead of the full, unreduced stimulus s, we take stimu ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... together with arcuate/median eminence (ARC/ME) complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the popul ...
... together with arcuate/median eminence (ARC/ME) complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the popul ...
Neural realisation of the SP theory
... To get the flavour of the way in which Old patterns are created, consider a simple example. If the current pattern in New is ‘t h e b o y r u n s’ and the repository of Old patterns is empty, the system discovers that there is no way to encode the New pattern economically in terms of Old information ...
... To get the flavour of the way in which Old patterns are created, consider a simple example. If the current pattern in New is ‘t h e b o y r u n s’ and the repository of Old patterns is empty, the system discovers that there is no way to encode the New pattern economically in terms of Old information ...
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control - Research
... Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. ...
... Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional w ...
... an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional w ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.