Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... locerebellum (flocculus, nodulus) but also to the vermis. The vermis receives a major mossy fiber input from the vestibular nuclei (Kotchabhakdi and Walberg 1978). The Purkinje cells (P cells, the only output element of the cerebellar cortex) of the vermis project to the fastigial nucleus (FN), the ...
... locerebellum (flocculus, nodulus) but also to the vermis. The vermis receives a major mossy fiber input from the vestibular nuclei (Kotchabhakdi and Walberg 1978). The Purkinje cells (P cells, the only output element of the cerebellar cortex) of the vermis project to the fastigial nucleus (FN), the ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
... complete cycle of the sinusoidal grating. Following the first failure, mice were required to achieve five correct trials in a row, or 8 of 10 correct trials at each spatial frequency before proceeding to the next higher frequency. Once a mouse failed to complete 8 of 10 correct trials at a given spa ...
... complete cycle of the sinusoidal grating. Following the first failure, mice were required to achieve five correct trials in a row, or 8 of 10 correct trials at each spatial frequency before proceeding to the next higher frequency. Once a mouse failed to complete 8 of 10 correct trials at a given spa ...
The Learning Perspective History and cultural context: • Origins from
... third stimulus on when it was food, but he could do that with leg withdrawal (from an electro-shock), that may tell us more about the significance of aversive stimuli like electric shock than it does about higher order conditioning as such.) (some speculate on how language learning may be closely li ...
... third stimulus on when it was food, but he could do that with leg withdrawal (from an electro-shock), that may tell us more about the significance of aversive stimuli like electric shock than it does about higher order conditioning as such.) (some speculate on how language learning may be closely li ...
Review International Journal of Integrative Biology Reticular
... The significance of this nucleus was unknown until it was demonstrated by a florescence technique that its cells contain catecholamine, nearly all of which was norepinephrine (Carpenter, 1991). Locus ceruleus is the principal noradrenergic cell group lying in the brain stem tegmentum of the caudal m ...
... The significance of this nucleus was unknown until it was demonstrated by a florescence technique that its cells contain catecholamine, nearly all of which was norepinephrine (Carpenter, 1991). Locus ceruleus is the principal noradrenergic cell group lying in the brain stem tegmentum of the caudal m ...
Linking form and motion in the primate brain
... The neural network for motion from form Animate implied motion Neurophysiological studies in monkeys show a strong selectivity for animate implied motion in single neurons of the anterior STS (STSa) regions [45,46]. These STSa cells are specialized for the perception of bodily actions and postures [ ...
... The neural network for motion from form Animate implied motion Neurophysiological studies in monkeys show a strong selectivity for animate implied motion in single neurons of the anterior STS (STSa) regions [45,46]. These STSa cells are specialized for the perception of bodily actions and postures [ ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... performed over primary visual cortex. Animals were then paralyzed by intravenous delivery of gallamine triethiodide (10 mg/ kg/h) dissolved in 5% Ringer's solution with dextrose and were switched to arti¢cial respiration. Following an initial bolus of 15 mg/kg, the dura was retracted, and gallamine ...
... performed over primary visual cortex. Animals were then paralyzed by intravenous delivery of gallamine triethiodide (10 mg/ kg/h) dissolved in 5% Ringer's solution with dextrose and were switched to arti¢cial respiration. Following an initial bolus of 15 mg/kg, the dura was retracted, and gallamine ...
Patterns of GABAergic Immunoreactivity Define Subdivisions of the
... GABAergic Golgi type I1 local circuit neurons, these cells may not be the only or even the principal source. Thus, the dorsal division contains comparatively many immunopositive cells though fewer puncta than might be expected if the bulk of these were to arise from auditory thalamic interneurons. T ...
... GABAergic Golgi type I1 local circuit neurons, these cells may not be the only or even the principal source. Thus, the dorsal division contains comparatively many immunopositive cells though fewer puncta than might be expected if the bulk of these were to arise from auditory thalamic interneurons. T ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... perturbative treatment close to the pattern forming threshold. This perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will crystallize into highly ordered arrays. It is conceivable that this process may occur on very long timescales. If this was the case, de ...
... perturbative treatment close to the pattern forming threshold. This perturbative treatment, however, gives no information on the speed with which singularities will crystallize into highly ordered arrays. It is conceivable that this process may occur on very long timescales. If this was the case, de ...
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... receive inputs from distinct groups of cortical neurons [18], but these results are difficult to reconcile with primate studies in which cortical neurons, activated by antidromic stimulation of the putamen, were identified as slowly-responding non-pyramidal cells of low activity [19,20]. Finally, anat ...
... receive inputs from distinct groups of cortical neurons [18], but these results are difficult to reconcile with primate studies in which cortical neurons, activated by antidromic stimulation of the putamen, were identified as slowly-responding non-pyramidal cells of low activity [19,20]. Finally, anat ...
An Exploration of Emotion and Cognition During Polygraph Testing
... avoidance based conflict. The updated theory separated pure “freeze”, which is typically associated with the fight or flight response, from those that were behaviorally inhibited. This introduced the concept of higher brain functions being able to override programmed behavior as such adaptive capabi ...
... avoidance based conflict. The updated theory separated pure “freeze”, which is typically associated with the fight or flight response, from those that were behaviorally inhibited. This introduced the concept of higher brain functions being able to override programmed behavior as such adaptive capabi ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... If indeed Zn is coreleasedwith synaptically releasedglutamate, it might not only modify the postsynaptic effects of glutamate during the brief exposuresassociatedwith normal synaptic transmission, but it could also importantly modify the neurotoxicity of extracellular glutamate during the prolonged ...
... If indeed Zn is coreleasedwith synaptically releasedglutamate, it might not only modify the postsynaptic effects of glutamate during the brief exposuresassociatedwith normal synaptic transmission, but it could also importantly modify the neurotoxicity of extracellular glutamate during the prolonged ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... – if individual is completely isolated from environment, circadian cycle lengthens to ≈ 25 hrs. – synchronization of endogenous circadian pacemaker to 24-h day requires that pacemaker be reset each day (normally by exposure to environmental light-dark cycle). – properly timed exposure to light of su ...
... – if individual is completely isolated from environment, circadian cycle lengthens to ≈ 25 hrs. – synchronization of endogenous circadian pacemaker to 24-h day requires that pacemaker be reset each day (normally by exposure to environmental light-dark cycle). – properly timed exposure to light of su ...
The Neurons of the Medial Geniculate Body in the Mustached Bat
... mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii). Their somatic and dendritic configurations were compared with those of cells in other, nonecholocating mammals. A second goal was to use the thalamic nuclear subdivisions derived from Golgi material to integrate the findings in parallel studies of cytoarchitect ...
... mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii). Their somatic and dendritic configurations were compared with those of cells in other, nonecholocating mammals. A second goal was to use the thalamic nuclear subdivisions derived from Golgi material to integrate the findings in parallel studies of cytoarchitect ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
Functional segregation of the temporal lobes into highly
... al., 2000; Wise et al., 2001) the activations are less confounded by those attentional interactions, because the trials are presented randomly and rapidly, and attention could be held constant across stimulus presentations. Based on the different aspects of auditory perception and language processin ...
... al., 2000; Wise et al., 2001) the activations are less confounded by those attentional interactions, because the trials are presented randomly and rapidly, and attention could be held constant across stimulus presentations. Based on the different aspects of auditory perception and language processin ...
Rethinking Mammalian Brain Evolution1
... theory because it is essentially beyond the reach of experimental approaches. Although brains of extinct species are not available for direct inspection and analysis, this does not necessarily mean that theories of brain evolution are empirically untestable. Indeed they are every bit as susceptible ...
... theory because it is essentially beyond the reach of experimental approaches. Although brains of extinct species are not available for direct inspection and analysis, this does not necessarily mean that theories of brain evolution are empirically untestable. Indeed they are every bit as susceptible ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... spike leakages mainly affecting high-frequency LFPs (Zanos et al., 2011). Remarkably, despite the removal of spike remnants from LFP traces, cue (48%; 63%), attended (44%; 56%), and saccade (48%; 70%) position could still be decoded on a single-trial basis from both mid- and high-␥ frequency bands, ...
... spike leakages mainly affecting high-frequency LFPs (Zanos et al., 2011). Remarkably, despite the removal of spike remnants from LFP traces, cue (48%; 63%), attended (44%; 56%), and saccade (48%; 70%) position could still be decoded on a single-trial basis from both mid- and high-␥ frequency bands, ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... proponents of the labeled line theory argue that neurons that encode a given taste quality are those that respond most vigorously to exemplars of that quality relative to other taste qualities. These cells are then identified by their ‘‘best’’ stimulus among representatives of the basic taste qualiti ...
... proponents of the labeled line theory argue that neurons that encode a given taste quality are those that respond most vigorously to exemplars of that quality relative to other taste qualities. These cells are then identified by their ‘‘best’’ stimulus among representatives of the basic taste qualiti ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... The major thalamic components of the mammalian visual system are the dorsal lateral genieulate and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei and the pulvinar complex, which, in the rat, is usually identified with the lateral posterior nucleus. This paper is concerned with the early development of these thre ...
... The major thalamic components of the mammalian visual system are the dorsal lateral genieulate and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei and the pulvinar complex, which, in the rat, is usually identified with the lateral posterior nucleus. This paper is concerned with the early development of these thre ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... recognized in both macaques and humans (Makris et al., 2005; Fernandez-Miranda et al., 2008; Gharabaghi et al., 2009; Petrides and Pandya, 2009; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a; Martino and Marco de Lucas, 2014). Here we use the term “SLF” to refer specifically to direct fronto-parietal connection ...
... recognized in both macaques and humans (Makris et al., 2005; Fernandez-Miranda et al., 2008; Gharabaghi et al., 2009; Petrides and Pandya, 2009; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a; Martino and Marco de Lucas, 2014). Here we use the term “SLF” to refer specifically to direct fronto-parietal connection ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... Neurons in the rat central nervous system (CNS) were examined for their content of both the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; acetyl-CoA, choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.16), and the transmitter-degrading enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ChAT was localized i ...
... Neurons in the rat central nervous system (CNS) were examined for their content of both the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; acetyl-CoA, choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.16), and the transmitter-degrading enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ChAT was localized i ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... These observations suggested that monkeys anticipated save and spend choices in the imperative task. Neuronal Activity. We recorded the activity of 329 task-related amygdala neurons and used multiple regression analysis to test for coding of the monkeys’ upcoming save–spend choices before the behavi ...
... These observations suggested that monkeys anticipated save and spend choices in the imperative task. Neuronal Activity. We recorded the activity of 329 task-related amygdala neurons and used multiple regression analysis to test for coding of the monkeys’ upcoming save–spend choices before the behavi ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... LO 2.5 How Hormones Interact with the Nervous System and Affect Behavior ...
... LO 2.5 How Hormones Interact with the Nervous System and Affect Behavior ...
Ictal SPECT in patients with rapid eye movement
... Geert Mayer,1,2 Marion Bitterlich,1 Torsten Kuwert,3 Philipp Ritt3 and Hermann Stefan4 See Mahowald and Schenck for a scientific commentary on this article (doi:10.1093/brain/awv058). Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is a rapid eye movement parasomnia clinically characterized by acting out ...
... Geert Mayer,1,2 Marion Bitterlich,1 Torsten Kuwert,3 Philipp Ritt3 and Hermann Stefan4 See Mahowald and Schenck for a scientific commentary on this article (doi:10.1093/brain/awv058). Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is a rapid eye movement parasomnia clinically characterized by acting out ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.