Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... enkephalin and tachykinins was markedly decreased (Chesselet et al 1990) These studies suggest that cholinergic neurons are more resistant to ischemia than other neurons In view of existing differences we decided to investigate the changes in AChE synthesis after cerebral ischemia Since a transient ...
... enkephalin and tachykinins was markedly decreased (Chesselet et al 1990) These studies suggest that cholinergic neurons are more resistant to ischemia than other neurons In view of existing differences we decided to investigate the changes in AChE synthesis after cerebral ischemia Since a transient ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... visualizing SQS on brain sections, we found moderate SQS expression in many cortical neurons in control animals (Fig. 1g), implying ongoing cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, mutant neurons completely lacked SQS staining. Astrocytes (identified based on their characteristic morphology), however, ...
... visualizing SQS on brain sections, we found moderate SQS expression in many cortical neurons in control animals (Fig. 1g), implying ongoing cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, mutant neurons completely lacked SQS staining. Astrocytes (identified based on their characteristic morphology), however, ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... methods. Such neuroimaging studies (see e.g. Cahn and Polich 2006 for a recent review) have identified specific brain structures active during meditation (discussed later). It has been argued that two complementary neural networks may underlie meditation. One network functions as a ‘‘neural switch’’ ...
... methods. Such neuroimaging studies (see e.g. Cahn and Polich 2006 for a recent review) have identified specific brain structures active during meditation (discussed later). It has been argued that two complementary neural networks may underlie meditation. One network functions as a ‘‘neural switch’’ ...
Alpha-beta and Gamma Rhythms Subserve Feedback and
... Visually induced responses Forty-three human subjects were instructed to attentively monitor a visual stimulus for unpredictable changes, in order to engage both bottom-up and top-down influences. This paradigm reliably induces gamma-band activity in visual cortex (Hoogenboom et al., 2006). While su ...
... Visually induced responses Forty-three human subjects were instructed to attentively monitor a visual stimulus for unpredictable changes, in order to engage both bottom-up and top-down influences. This paradigm reliably induces gamma-band activity in visual cortex (Hoogenboom et al., 2006). While su ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... acceleration, and visual stimuli (Andersen, Shenoy, Snyder, Bradley, & Crowell, 1999; Bremmer, Klam, Duhamel, Hamed, & Graf, 2002; Klam & Graf, 2003). The nature of these interactions appears to be complex, but Bremmer et al. (2002) suggested that this idiothetic modulation of parietal neuron firing ...
... acceleration, and visual stimuli (Andersen, Shenoy, Snyder, Bradley, & Crowell, 1999; Bremmer, Klam, Duhamel, Hamed, & Graf, 2002; Klam & Graf, 2003). The nature of these interactions appears to be complex, but Bremmer et al. (2002) suggested that this idiothetic modulation of parietal neuron firing ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... quantity is positive (negative), the shift is towards (away from) attention. In a few cases (Fig. 4C) we also tried systematically another measure of RF shift based on a Gaussian fit to ensure that our conclusions are not dependent on the particular measure of shift used. Specifically, we fitted a Gaus ...
... quantity is positive (negative), the shift is towards (away from) attention. In a few cases (Fig. 4C) we also tried systematically another measure of RF shift based on a Gaussian fit to ensure that our conclusions are not dependent on the particular measure of shift used. Specifically, we fitted a Gaus ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... cell types, utilizing gene promoters or loci with specific expression patterns (Gerfen et al., 2013; Gong et al., 2007; Madisen et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple ce ...
... cell types, utilizing gene promoters or loci with specific expression patterns (Gerfen et al., 2013; Gong et al., 2007; Madisen et al., 2010; Taniguchi et al., 2011). However, cell populations defined by Cre driver lines are often heterogeneous, encompassing multiple brain regions and/or multiple ce ...
chapter 12. schizophrenia 12.4 schizophrenia
... several neurotransmitter systems appear to play a role, particularly in the expression of positive as well as negative psychotic symptoms. Evidence for alterations in the dopamine system is the most compelling. Other neurotransmitters have also been implicated, including glutamate, serotonin, and γa ...
... several neurotransmitter systems appear to play a role, particularly in the expression of positive as well as negative psychotic symptoms. Evidence for alterations in the dopamine system is the most compelling. Other neurotransmitters have also been implicated, including glutamate, serotonin, and γa ...
SQA CfE Higher Human Biology Unit 3
... The autonomic system controls heart rate without conscious thought. Nor do you need to decide to breathe faster when your homework is late. Heart rate, breathing, peristalsis, and other similar functions are under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Muscles under voluntary control have a st ...
... The autonomic system controls heart rate without conscious thought. Nor do you need to decide to breathe faster when your homework is late. Heart rate, breathing, peristalsis, and other similar functions are under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Muscles under voluntary control have a st ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... emerged as a new paradigm that allows brain-derived information to control artificial actuators2 and communicate the subject’s motor intention to the outside world without the interference of the subject’s body. For the past decade and a half, numerous studies have shown how brain-derived motor sign ...
... emerged as a new paradigm that allows brain-derived information to control artificial actuators2 and communicate the subject’s motor intention to the outside world without the interference of the subject’s body. For the past decade and a half, numerous studies have shown how brain-derived motor sign ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... that this cognitive function depends critically on integration of neural activity in several widely distributed brain regions2,3. For instance, to answer whether we want chicken or pasta, we must process the incoming sensory signals (for example, in terms of colour, shape, size, frequency and so on) ...
... that this cognitive function depends critically on integration of neural activity in several widely distributed brain regions2,3. For instance, to answer whether we want chicken or pasta, we must process the incoming sensory signals (for example, in terms of colour, shape, size, frequency and so on) ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... Mainen 2003), or novel odors from learned odors (Wesson et al. 2008) has been demonstrated in behavioral experiments with rodents. How does the sensory network in the honeybee achieve a fast and reliable processing of the olfactory input that allows the animal to track changes in its environment and ...
... Mainen 2003), or novel odors from learned odors (Wesson et al. 2008) has been demonstrated in behavioral experiments with rodents. How does the sensory network in the honeybee achieve a fast and reliable processing of the olfactory input that allows the animal to track changes in its environment and ...
Foundation and practice of neurofeedback for the treatment of epilepsy
... of the SMR substrate alters motor output, and sets the stage for reduced proprioceptive afferent input to thalamus. The important fact here may be that this reorganization of motor and thalamic status is accompanied by volleys of strong oscillatory discharge to cortex with each trained SMR response ...
... of the SMR substrate alters motor output, and sets the stage for reduced proprioceptive afferent input to thalamus. The important fact here may be that this reorganization of motor and thalamic status is accompanied by volleys of strong oscillatory discharge to cortex with each trained SMR response ...
Integration of Sensory and Reward Information
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
download file
... 2011; doi:10.1152/jn.01057.2010.—Environmental enrichment induces powerful changes in the adult cerebral cortex. Studies in primary sensory cortex have observed that environmental enrichment modulates neuronal response strength, selectivity, speed of response, and synchronization to rapid sensory in ...
... 2011; doi:10.1152/jn.01057.2010.—Environmental enrichment induces powerful changes in the adult cerebral cortex. Studies in primary sensory cortex have observed that environmental enrichment modulates neuronal response strength, selectivity, speed of response, and synchronization to rapid sensory in ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint Slided PDF - CM
... with other areas of same hemisphere, other parts of brain, and spinal cord; corona radiata are fibers that spread out in a radiating pattern; condense around diencephalon to form two V-shaped bands called internal capsules Association fibers – restricted to a single hemisphere; ...
... with other areas of same hemisphere, other parts of brain, and spinal cord; corona radiata are fibers that spread out in a radiating pattern; condense around diencephalon to form two V-shaped bands called internal capsules Association fibers – restricted to a single hemisphere; ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... the major thalamocortical input layer and it sends information to superficial layer 2/3 in the same column. Layer 2/3 is involved in corticocortical connectivity and provides twothirds of the input to all neurons in the cortex. Layer 2/3 also connects to layer 5 which is the major output layer that ...
... the major thalamocortical input layer and it sends information to superficial layer 2/3 in the same column. Layer 2/3 is involved in corticocortical connectivity and provides twothirds of the input to all neurons in the cortex. Layer 2/3 also connects to layer 5 which is the major output layer that ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... and Rolls 1998; Vogels 1999; Sheinberg and Logothetis 2001; Freedman and others 2003) and familiar geometric shapes (Miyashita 1993; Logothetis and others 1995; Tanaka 1996; Kobatake and others 1998; Baker and others 2002), that stimulus repetition, familiarity, and salience can modulate ITC activit ...
... and Rolls 1998; Vogels 1999; Sheinberg and Logothetis 2001; Freedman and others 2003) and familiar geometric shapes (Miyashita 1993; Logothetis and others 1995; Tanaka 1996; Kobatake and others 1998; Baker and others 2002), that stimulus repetition, familiarity, and salience can modulate ITC activit ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields ...
... transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later named nondeclarative or procedural memories [190,196]. These clin ...
... after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later named nondeclarative or procedural memories [190,196]. These clin ...
Neural substrates for conditioned taste aversion in the rat.
... Several researchers [8.141.169] have shown that reliable CTAs can be established when the CS presentation coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comp ...
... Several researchers [8.141.169] have shown that reliable CTAs can be established when the CS presentation coincides with the injection of LiC1 (US), or even when the US precedes the CS by 5 to 10 rain. In other words, when the US precedes the CS more than 10 min. no reliable CTAs can be formed. Comp ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... delay activity related to movement, memory, and vision to the superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 85: 1673–1685, 2001. Many neurons within prefrontal cortex exhibit a tonic discharge between visual stimulation and motor response. This delay activity may contribute to movement, memory, and vision. We ...
... delay activity related to movement, memory, and vision to the superior colliculus. J Neurophysiol 85: 1673–1685, 2001. Many neurons within prefrontal cortex exhibit a tonic discharge between visual stimulation and motor response. This delay activity may contribute to movement, memory, and vision. We ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... Although there are many representative freehand and camera lucida drawings of cerebellar cortex neurons (Ramón y Cajal, 1909, 1911; Chan-Palay and Palay, 1970, 1972; Palay and ChanPalay, 1974; Braak and Braak, 1983; Bishop, 1993; Lainé and Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digita ...
... Although there are many representative freehand and camera lucida drawings of cerebellar cortex neurons (Ramón y Cajal, 1909, 1911; Chan-Palay and Palay, 1970, 1972; Palay and ChanPalay, 1974; Braak and Braak, 1983; Bishop, 1993; Lainé and Axelrad, 1996), very few cerebellar neurons have been digita ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.