Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax the bias force. Targets were spaced at 45° intervals, starting from 0° (to the right) and progressing counterclockwise. The eight targets were r ...
... it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax the bias force. Targets were spaced at 45° intervals, starting from 0° (to the right) and progressing counterclockwise. The eight targets were r ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... modulation of motivation and emotion (Figure 1). Specifically, orexin neuronal projections are particularly abundant in brain structures such as the mPFC, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, AMY, locus coeruleus, paraventricular hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocall ...
... modulation of motivation and emotion (Figure 1). Specifically, orexin neuronal projections are particularly abundant in brain structures such as the mPFC, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral septum, AMY, locus coeruleus, paraventricular hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei [26]. Reciprocall ...
Dreaming and narrative theory
... theory of dreaming as hallucinated experience. This is because the brain activation element of the theory is necessarily complemented by an element of synthesis, which explains how the hallucinatory and emotional effects of brain activation are integrated in a more or less coherent, novel, and pe ...
... theory of dreaming as hallucinated experience. This is because the brain activation element of the theory is necessarily complemented by an element of synthesis, which explains how the hallucinatory and emotional effects of brain activation are integrated in a more or less coherent, novel, and pe ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a R habenular (rHb) projection neuron in an intact 4 dpf larval zebrafish brain. Arrow indicates direction of axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP ...
... Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a R habenular (rHb) projection neuron in an intact 4 dpf larval zebrafish brain. Arrow indicates direction of axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP ...
Optical brain imaging in vivo: techniques and applications from
... to measure a range of functional contrast, can readily be exploited in functional brain imaging via a wide range of approaches, from animal studies of the intricate cellular mechanisms of normal and diseased brain, to in-vivo noninvasive clinical brain imaging. In this review, we describe a variety ...
... to measure a range of functional contrast, can readily be exploited in functional brain imaging via a wide range of approaches, from animal studies of the intricate cellular mechanisms of normal and diseased brain, to in-vivo noninvasive clinical brain imaging. In this review, we describe a variety ...
A self-organizing model of disparity maps in the primary visual cortex
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
... Classically, the supplementary motor area (SMA) was defined as a single cortical field within the medial part of Brodmann’s area 6 (Penfield and Welch, 1951; Woolsey et al., 1952). There have been many suggestions about the function of the SMA including involvement in the regulation of posture, bima ...
... Classically, the supplementary motor area (SMA) was defined as a single cortical field within the medial part of Brodmann’s area 6 (Penfield and Welch, 1951; Woolsey et al., 1952). There have been many suggestions about the function of the SMA including involvement in the regulation of posture, bima ...
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... gamma frequency range were found when comparing narrow band noise with pure tone tinnitus and an increase in gamma frequency range when comparing narrow band and pure tone with control subjects respectively. These power changes were further confirmed on individual electrode analysis. This study demo ...
... gamma frequency range were found when comparing narrow band noise with pure tone tinnitus and an increase in gamma frequency range when comparing narrow band and pure tone with control subjects respectively. These power changes were further confirmed on individual electrode analysis. This study demo ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... results suggest that CDt neurons receive both “what” and “where” information and guide saccades to visual objects. ...
... results suggest that CDt neurons receive both “what” and “where” information and guide saccades to visual objects. ...
Bipolar Cell
... • As we all know, our eyes detect the presence of light. • For humans, light is a narrow band of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 380 and 760 nm (a nanometer, nm, is one-billionth of a meter) is visible to us. (See Figure 6.1.) • Other ...
... • As we all know, our eyes detect the presence of light. • For humans, light is a narrow band of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 380 and 760 nm (a nanometer, nm, is one-billionth of a meter) is visible to us. (See Figure 6.1.) • Other ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... This segregated activity is in agreement with REM sleep generation mechanisms in animals, which involve cholinergic processes arising from brainstem structures and activating the cortex via the thalamus and basal forebrain.33-35 REM sleep is also the sleep stage during which dreams are prominent. Th ...
... This segregated activity is in agreement with REM sleep generation mechanisms in animals, which involve cholinergic processes arising from brainstem structures and activating the cortex via the thalamus and basal forebrain.33-35 REM sleep is also the sleep stage during which dreams are prominent. Th ...
Projections of the amygdala to the thalamus in the cynomolgus
... large majority joined the inferior thalamic peduncle and entered the rostral head of the thalamus where they turned caudally toward their targets. A small number of amygdalothalamic fibers may also run in the stria terminalis. Key words: amygdala, thalamus, monkey ...
... large majority joined the inferior thalamic peduncle and entered the rostral head of the thalamus where they turned caudally toward their targets. A small number of amygdalothalamic fibers may also run in the stria terminalis. Key words: amygdala, thalamus, monkey ...
Sub-exemplar Shape Tuning in Human Face
... identical faces, through subtle morphing, to completely different exemplars. The fusiform face area (FFA) revealed high face sensitivity, so that even facial images perceived as belonging to the same individual (<35%) were sufficient to produce full recovery from adaptation. Interestingly, the psych ...
... identical faces, through subtle morphing, to completely different exemplars. The fusiform face area (FFA) revealed high face sensitivity, so that even facial images perceived as belonging to the same individual (<35%) were sufficient to produce full recovery from adaptation. Interestingly, the psych ...
Receptores Monoaminérgicos en Corteza Prefrontal: Mecanismo de Acción de Fármacos Antipsicóticos
... subsequent administration of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine reversed PCP effects on pyramidal cell firing and cortical synchronization. PCP increased c-fos expression in PFC pyramidal neurons, an effect prevented by the administration of clozapine. PCP also enhanced c-fos expressi ...
... subsequent administration of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine reversed PCP effects on pyramidal cell firing and cortical synchronization. PCP increased c-fos expression in PFC pyramidal neurons, an effect prevented by the administration of clozapine. PCP also enhanced c-fos expressi ...
FREE Sample Here
... MSC: factual 11. In a neuron, sending is to ________ as receiving is to________. a. soma; synapse b. terminal button; synapse c. axon; dendrite d. terminal button; soma e. dendrite; axon ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 1-Identify parts of neuron, describe functions of these parts ...
... MSC: factual 11. In a neuron, sending is to ________ as receiving is to________. a. soma; synapse b. terminal button; synapse c. axon; dendrite d. terminal button; soma e. dendrite; axon ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 1-Identify parts of neuron, describe functions of these parts ...
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... shorter reaction times to some locations and longer reaction times to other locations. A framework in which the amygdala merely represents the motivational significance of a stimulus in a valencenonspecific and spatial-nonspecific manner cannot explain these data due to the spatial dependence of the ...
... shorter reaction times to some locations and longer reaction times to other locations. A framework in which the amygdala merely represents the motivational significance of a stimulus in a valencenonspecific and spatial-nonspecific manner cannot explain these data due to the spatial dependence of the ...
Neuron
... in humans. We successfully trained the monkeys to promptly perform set shifting, mostly within a single trial, and found shift-related activity: PPC neurons were transiently activated when the monkeys shifted from one cognitive set to another, but not when they shifted in the opposite direction. Thi ...
... in humans. We successfully trained the monkeys to promptly perform set shifting, mostly within a single trial, and found shift-related activity: PPC neurons were transiently activated when the monkeys shifted from one cognitive set to another, but not when they shifted in the opposite direction. Thi ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... et al., 1983; Groenewegenand Russchen,1984; Heimer at al., 1991). Clarification of neural mechanismsof the execution of cocaine self-administration behavior (and other goal-directed behaviors) will require study of neural activity in all of these connected regions. In accordancewith this anatomical ...
... et al., 1983; Groenewegenand Russchen,1984; Heimer at al., 1991). Clarification of neural mechanismsof the execution of cocaine self-administration behavior (and other goal-directed behaviors) will require study of neural activity in all of these connected regions. In accordancewith this anatomical ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... for an NST neuron in a fetus at about 130 d of gestation. Top, responses to 0.5 M NH,Cl, NaCl and KC1 are presented first. Chemicals were applied to the tongue for the period initiated at the arrowhead and concluded with dots (water rinses). Bottom,responses to electrical stimulation of individual f ...
... for an NST neuron in a fetus at about 130 d of gestation. Top, responses to 0.5 M NH,Cl, NaCl and KC1 are presented first. Chemicals were applied to the tongue for the period initiated at the arrowhead and concluded with dots (water rinses). Bottom,responses to electrical stimulation of individual f ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... Vanni-Mercier et al.,2003; Takahashi et al.,2006), the firing pattern being the most wakeselective one so far identified in the brain. Pharmacological dosing impairing brain HA neurotransmission increases cortical slow activity. Conversely, enhancement of transmission promotes W (Reviewed in Monti,1 ...
... Vanni-Mercier et al.,2003; Takahashi et al.,2006), the firing pattern being the most wakeselective one so far identified in the brain. Pharmacological dosing impairing brain HA neurotransmission increases cortical slow activity. Conversely, enhancement of transmission promotes W (Reviewed in Monti,1 ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, sugge ...
... 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vagi remained intact and can be reversed by vagal stimulation, sugge ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... Fig. 2. The effect of competitive stimulus interactions on unisensory and multisensory responses in an example neuron. A: within the schematics of visual-auditory space (each concentric circle represents 10°), icons denote the locations of visual (V), auditory (A), and cross-modal (VA) stimuli relat ...
... Fig. 2. The effect of competitive stimulus interactions on unisensory and multisensory responses in an example neuron. A: within the schematics of visual-auditory space (each concentric circle represents 10°), icons denote the locations of visual (V), auditory (A), and cross-modal (VA) stimuli relat ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.