computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
... as perceiving, assigning meaning to actions and identifying intentions. In contrast, ToM takes a simulation stance, and suggests that to understand others we actively simulate their actions using our own experiences (Gallese and Goldman, 1998). By imagining ourselves in the place of t ...
Conflicting Theories of Self: Dickinson and Neuroscience
... two ways in which Dickinson grapples with the idea of self, the “limits to growth,” as Thomas Insel calls them, of neuroscience may be alleviated. Specifically, Dickinson’s merging of these disparate ideas may be a model for how merging conflicting theories of self in neuroscience can lead to collab ...
... two ways in which Dickinson grapples with the idea of self, the “limits to growth,” as Thomas Insel calls them, of neuroscience may be alleviated. Specifically, Dickinson’s merging of these disparate ideas may be a model for how merging conflicting theories of self in neuroscience can lead to collab ...
(2010) Surround suppression sharpens the priority map in the lateral
... a brief white spot flashed for ⬍50 ms (2–3 video frames in 90% of trials; 1 video frame on the remaining trials) in the center of the RF. The duration of the distractor was independent of all other task parameters, including stimulus locations, timing, and reward size. The no-saccade control was ide ...
... a brief white spot flashed for ⬍50 ms (2–3 video frames in 90% of trials; 1 video frame on the remaining trials) in the center of the RF. The duration of the distractor was independent of all other task parameters, including stimulus locations, timing, and reward size. The no-saccade control was ide ...
Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate
... recording using the methods described in Van Hooser et al. (2003) and Heimel et al. (2005). In brief, animals were initially anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and acepromazine maleate (90 mg/ml ketamine, 0.91 mg/ml acepromazine maleate, and 0.5 ml/kg initial dose im). A femoral vein was cannul ...
... recording using the methods described in Van Hooser et al. (2003) and Heimel et al. (2005). In brief, animals were initially anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and acepromazine maleate (90 mg/ml ketamine, 0.91 mg/ml acepromazine maleate, and 0.5 ml/kg initial dose im). A femoral vein was cannul ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of ...
... the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... light a fire or close the windows to prevent becoming cold. This form of control is often referred to as open loop control to emphasize that feedback sensory signals do not directly affect the timing of the response. The term is somewhat misleading, however, because it suggests that actions controll ...
... light a fire or close the windows to prevent becoming cold. This form of control is often referred to as open loop control to emphasize that feedback sensory signals do not directly affect the timing of the response. The term is somewhat misleading, however, because it suggests that actions controll ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... instantaneous value of the aggregate prediction, and the computation of the aggregate prediction is impaired by hippocampal lesions. Schmajuk (1986,1989; Schmajuk & Moore, 1988) extended the Schmajuk and Moore (1985) real-time version of the P-H model to include CS-CS associations and designated thi ...
... instantaneous value of the aggregate prediction, and the computation of the aggregate prediction is impaired by hippocampal lesions. Schmajuk (1986,1989; Schmajuk & Moore, 1988) extended the Schmajuk and Moore (1985) real-time version of the P-H model to include CS-CS associations and designated thi ...
Auditory working memory: contributions of lateral prefrontal cortex
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
... prefrontal cortex (lPFC) as a primary area for visual working memory, while another line of research has found the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to be involved. This dissertation used auditory cues and found similar patterns of activity for processing auditory working memory information withi ...
rem sleep - Website Staff UI
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
Neuroscience of Sleep - University of Ilorin
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
... • The discovery of a strong correlation between REM sleep and visual dreaming in humans has reversed many commonly held notes on about dreams. Every one dreams in regular cycles several times at night but they are not well remembered. • The probability of recall in a dream falls to zero within 8 min ...
Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory
... density in temporal and frontal cortical regions, respectively (Garey et al 1998). Another study (Glantz et al 2000) showed a 21% decrease in spine density in schizophrenic patients compared with age-matched controls. It is well known that the cognitive functions are impaired during normal aging. So ...
... density in temporal and frontal cortical regions, respectively (Garey et al 1998). Another study (Glantz et al 2000) showed a 21% decrease in spine density in schizophrenic patients compared with age-matched controls. It is well known that the cognitive functions are impaired during normal aging. So ...
Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy
... wakefulness. Patients with narcolepsy suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (a sudden weakening of posture muscle tone usually triggered by emotion), and an alteration in the amount of and entry into REM sleep (Mignot, 1998). Nocturnal sleep is also frequently disturbed by insomnia, sl ...
... wakefulness. Patients with narcolepsy suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (a sudden weakening of posture muscle tone usually triggered by emotion), and an alteration in the amount of and entry into REM sleep (Mignot, 1998). Nocturnal sleep is also frequently disturbed by insomnia, sl ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... using neural tracers injected in the amygdala in rhesus monkeys. Prefrontal areas varied vastly in their connections with the amygdala, with the densest connections found in posterior orbitofrontal and posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area ...
... using neural tracers injected in the amygdala in rhesus monkeys. Prefrontal areas varied vastly in their connections with the amygdala, with the densest connections found in posterior orbitofrontal and posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... Recording sessions typically lasted less than an hour and consisted of 15–20 repeats of each of the five taste stimuli, for a total of 75–100 separate taste deliveries. We have previously shown that palatability and neural responses are stable across this length of session and volume of fluid consum ...
... Recording sessions typically lasted less than an hour and consisted of 15–20 repeats of each of the five taste stimuli, for a total of 75–100 separate taste deliveries. We have previously shown that palatability and neural responses are stable across this length of session and volume of fluid consum ...
Rationalizing Context-Dependent Preferences: Divisive
... constraints arise from scarcity: resources in the brain must be allocated to various neural systems for various tasks. Moreover, there is some mechanism which selects more efficient allocations and rejects less efficient ones. In the case of the brain this mechanism is evolution, and we can identify ...
... constraints arise from scarcity: resources in the brain must be allocated to various neural systems for various tasks. Moreover, there is some mechanism which selects more efficient allocations and rejects less efficient ones. In the case of the brain this mechanism is evolution, and we can identify ...
Kobayashi S, Kawagoe R, Takikawa Y, Koizumi M, Sakagami M
... (P < 0.05, Scheffé test). If the test indicated a significant result in all the comparisons between immediately rewarded conditions (RWDA–CUEA and RWDB– CUEB) and the conditions without immediate reward (RWDB–CUEA and RWDA–CUEB), the activity was defined to be selective with respect to reward avail ...
... (P < 0.05, Scheffé test). If the test indicated a significant result in all the comparisons between immediately rewarded conditions (RWDA–CUEA and RWDB– CUEB) and the conditions without immediate reward (RWDB–CUEA and RWDA–CUEB), the activity was defined to be selective with respect to reward avail ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... Rakic, 1980, 1990; Luskin and Shatz, 1985a,b) and achieve a high degree of phenotypic maturity during fetal and neonatal development (for review, see Shatz et al., 1988, 1991). Many of them receive synapses (Chun and Shatz, 1988a; Herrmann et al., 1991) and can be synaptically driven by white matter ...
... Rakic, 1980, 1990; Luskin and Shatz, 1985a,b) and achieve a high degree of phenotypic maturity during fetal and neonatal development (for review, see Shatz et al., 1988, 1991). Many of them receive synapses (Chun and Shatz, 1988a; Herrmann et al., 1991) and can be synaptically driven by white matter ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... Diamond, 1990; Abeles and Goldstein, 1970; Hubel and Wiesel, 1974; Albus, 1975; Merzenich et al., 1981) suggest, however, that this prominent diversity in the receptive field properties of neurons located in the same locale in sensory cortex is constrained substantially in the radial dimension – tha ...
... Diamond, 1990; Abeles and Goldstein, 1970; Hubel and Wiesel, 1974; Albus, 1975; Merzenich et al., 1981) suggest, however, that this prominent diversity in the receptive field properties of neurons located in the same locale in sensory cortex is constrained substantially in the radial dimension – tha ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a few years ago, with the methods then available, whether primates had an auditory CT projection (Krieg, 1963). Subsequent work has shown that it is present robustly (Pa ...
... whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a few years ago, with the methods then available, whether primates had an auditory CT projection (Krieg, 1963). Subsequent work has shown that it is present robustly (Pa ...
Rules Ventral Prefrontal Cortical Axons Use to Reach Their Targets
... site split into three groups, a medial, dorsal, and lateral group. Each of these groups of fibers contains subsets of axons that travel in different WM tracts, the specifics of which depend on the location of the injection site (Figs. 1, 2a, 3a). Axons from all vPFC areas travel in the UF, corpus ca ...
... site split into three groups, a medial, dorsal, and lateral group. Each of these groups of fibers contains subsets of axons that travel in different WM tracts, the specifics of which depend on the location of the injection site (Figs. 1, 2a, 3a). Axons from all vPFC areas travel in the UF, corpus ca ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... ‘‘unmatched’’ subcortical neurons. This cortical function for the adjustment and improvement of subcortical information processing is called egocentric selection. Egocentric selection enhances the neural representation of frequently occurring signals in the central auditory system. For our present s ...
... ‘‘unmatched’’ subcortical neurons. This cortical function for the adjustment and improvement of subcortical information processing is called egocentric selection. Egocentric selection enhances the neural representation of frequently occurring signals in the central auditory system. For our present s ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... spectively. It has been reported that VTA DA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs directly or indirectly from the PFC (Kalivas, 1993; Charara et al., 1996; Carr and Sesack, 2000; Omelchenko and Sesack, 2007) and other brain regions (Geisler and Wise, 2008). In addition, the VTA receives cholinergic ...
... spectively. It has been reported that VTA DA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs directly or indirectly from the PFC (Kalivas, 1993; Charara et al., 1996; Carr and Sesack, 2000; Omelchenko and Sesack, 2007) and other brain regions (Geisler and Wise, 2008). In addition, the VTA receives cholinergic ...
The Auditory System
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
... nerve and terminate in the cochlear nuclei. The principal auditory pathway passes from the cochlea, via the cochlear nuclei, the inferior colliculus and the medial geniculate body (MGB) to the contralateral auditory cortex on the dorsal surface of the superior temporal gyrus. Each MGB is bilaterally ...
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... was initially observed in task-based neuroimaging studies [5–10] that documented reduced activity across DMN regions during task conditions relative to a resting baseline. Given the nature of the fMRI signal and the potential sources of error, initial concerns arose that these deactivations were spu ...
... was initially observed in task-based neuroimaging studies [5–10] that documented reduced activity across DMN regions during task conditions relative to a resting baseline. Given the nature of the fMRI signal and the potential sources of error, initial concerns arose that these deactivations were spu ...
Growth and Targeting of Subplate Axons and Establishment of Major
... the rostra1 face of the internal capsule exposed; (3) a medial approach by cutting the brain at the midline; and (4) a dorsocaudal approach by excising dorsoposterior cortex, which reveals the dorsomedial aspect of the internal capsule protruding into the lateral ventricle. Three approaches were use ...
... the rostra1 face of the internal capsule exposed; (3) a medial approach by cutting the brain at the midline; and (4) a dorsocaudal approach by excising dorsoposterior cortex, which reveals the dorsomedial aspect of the internal capsule protruding into the lateral ventricle. Three approaches were use ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.