Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... by the diverse, seemingly kaleidoscopic range of behavioral effects produced by such lesions, he deduced that little of value could come of such experiments without some means of comparing different lesions with each other in terms of how much and which brain structures were destroyed. But, then, of ...
... by the diverse, seemingly kaleidoscopic range of behavioral effects produced by such lesions, he deduced that little of value could come of such experiments without some means of comparing different lesions with each other in terms of how much and which brain structures were destroyed. But, then, of ...
Projections of the median raphe nucleus in the rat
... pharmacologic agents into MR that inhibit the activity of serotonergic MR neurons generate theta (Vertes et al., 1994; Kinney et al., 1994, 1995). For instance, we demonstrated that injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonists (Vertes et al., 1994), excitatory amino acid antagonists (Kinney et ...
... pharmacologic agents into MR that inhibit the activity of serotonergic MR neurons generate theta (Vertes et al., 1994; Kinney et al., 1994, 1995). For instance, we demonstrated that injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonists (Vertes et al., 1994), excitatory amino acid antagonists (Kinney et ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... Resting-state functional connectivity patterns Resting-state fMRI data preprocessing The resting-state fMRI data were preprocessed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8, http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm) and Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI (DPARSF) (Yan and Zang, 2010). The ...
... Resting-state functional connectivity patterns Resting-state fMRI data preprocessing The resting-state fMRI data were preprocessed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8, http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm) and Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI (DPARSF) (Yan and Zang, 2010). The ...
Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... Felpel 1972) and cat (Kasahara and Uchino 1974; Sans et al. 1972; Sato et al. 2002). The restricted convergence of afferent signals from the three semicircular canals at the first central synapse is paralleled by a partial segregation of clusters of 2° horizontal canal (HC), 2° anterior vertical can ...
... Felpel 1972) and cat (Kasahara and Uchino 1974; Sans et al. 1972; Sato et al. 2002). The restricted convergence of afferent signals from the three semicircular canals at the first central synapse is paralleled by a partial segregation of clusters of 2° horizontal canal (HC), 2° anterior vertical can ...
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
... Initial phase : Neurons sensitive to it have increased firing Later phase : This firing reduces and we become insensitive to this property ...
... Initial phase : Neurons sensitive to it have increased firing Later phase : This firing reduces and we become insensitive to this property ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
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... unconscious emotional information include the hypothalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem nuclei, and the ascending neurotransmitter systems [32]. The cortico-pulvinar-cortical pathway has been suggested to link fast subcortical processing and the cortical structures that participate in higher-order cons ...
... unconscious emotional information include the hypothalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem nuclei, and the ascending neurotransmitter systems [32]. The cortico-pulvinar-cortical pathway has been suggested to link fast subcortical processing and the cortical structures that participate in higher-order cons ...
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
... of different parts of the body with respect to one another. It allows characterisation and localisation of touch, stroking, and pain, and it is important for all motor action involving the body and limbs. Furthermore, tactile exploration informs us about the characteristics of external objects, resu ...
... of different parts of the body with respect to one another. It allows characterisation and localisation of touch, stroking, and pain, and it is important for all motor action involving the body and limbs. Furthermore, tactile exploration informs us about the characteristics of external objects, resu ...
Review Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
... reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, we were interested to understand which specific information about rewards would be coded by the different neuronal systems. The present review comprises seven sect ...
... reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, we were interested to understand which specific information about rewards would be coded by the different neuronal systems. The present review comprises seven sect ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory ...
... stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory ...
Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the
... Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellows to R. Aoki (#249856), Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative areas to K. Matsumoto (#24120717), and a Tamagawa ...
... Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellows to R. Aoki (#249856), Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative areas to K. Matsumoto (#24120717), and a Tamagawa ...
Voluntary Movement: The Primary Motor Cortex
... presence of the object provides only the opportunity for acting. Voluntary actions involve choices between alternatives, including the choice not to act. Furthermore, they are organized to achieve some goal in the near or distant future. Voluntary movements often have a labile, context-dependent ass ...
... presence of the object provides only the opportunity for acting. Voluntary actions involve choices between alternatives, including the choice not to act. Furthermore, they are organized to achieve some goal in the near or distant future. Voluntary movements often have a labile, context-dependent ass ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
... 3H-thymidinefrom gestational day E l 2 and 13 (El2+ 13)until the day before parturition (E21+ 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (nolonger labeled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitativ ...
... 3H-thymidinefrom gestational day E l 2 and 13 (El2+ 13)until the day before parturition (E21+ 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons generated (nolonger labeled) on specific embryonic days was determined quantitativ ...
Stimulus Dependence of Local Field Potential Spectra: Experiment
... power in primary visual cortex (V1) carries visual information in the gamma (50 –100 Hz) and high-gamma (⬎100 Hz) bands (Henrie and Shapley, 2005; Belitski et al., 2008), as well as in the low-frequency (⬍12 Hz) range (Belitski et al., 2008). Oscillations in the gamma band are a common feature of ne ...
... power in primary visual cortex (V1) carries visual information in the gamma (50 –100 Hz) and high-gamma (⬎100 Hz) bands (Henrie and Shapley, 2005; Belitski et al., 2008), as well as in the low-frequency (⬍12 Hz) range (Belitski et al., 2008). Oscillations in the gamma band are a common feature of ne ...
cerebellum
... • The superior cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum. • The superior cerebellar peduncles decussate in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculi. • The middle and inferior carry mainly inputs. ...
... • The superior cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum. • The superior cerebellar peduncles decussate in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculi. • The middle and inferior carry mainly inputs. ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... I would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Huiming Zhang for providing me with the opportunity to pursue my graduate research in his lab. I had the opportunity to enrol in Dr. Zhang’s undergraduate course Behavioural Neurobiology, one of the first courses that instigated my thirst for furthe ...
... I would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Huiming Zhang for providing me with the opportunity to pursue my graduate research in his lab. I had the opportunity to enrol in Dr. Zhang’s undergraduate course Behavioural Neurobiology, one of the first courses that instigated my thirst for furthe ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
NIH Public Access
... In one category of FM-FM neurons, the FM1 signal evokes only facilitating effects in the pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when th ...
... In one category of FM-FM neurons, the FM1 signal evokes only facilitating effects in the pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when th ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... pruning model, there is thought to be increased connectivity between brain regions leading to stronger inputs in synesthetes compared with non-synesthetes, while in the disinhibited feedback models, the degree of connectivity is assumed to be identical in synesthetes and nonsynesthetes, but neural c ...
... pruning model, there is thought to be increased connectivity between brain regions leading to stronger inputs in synesthetes compared with non-synesthetes, while in the disinhibited feedback models, the degree of connectivity is assumed to be identical in synesthetes and nonsynesthetes, but neural c ...
cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
... effects of VGP include effects on verbal memory, some types of attention, sleep, learning and knowledge.2–4 Furthermore, in imaging studies, VGP was shown to cause substantial dopamine release in the dopaminergic system5 as well as addiction.6 Previous cross-sectional studies have revealed that chil ...
... effects of VGP include effects on verbal memory, some types of attention, sleep, learning and knowledge.2–4 Furthermore, in imaging studies, VGP was shown to cause substantial dopamine release in the dopaminergic system5 as well as addiction.6 Previous cross-sectional studies have revealed that chil ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... Bechara et al. 1995). The lateral amygdaloid (LAT) nucleus, a major recipient of cortical and thalamic sensory pathways to the amygdala (Amaral et al. 1992; LeDoux et al. 1985; Romanski and LeDoux 1992; Russchen 1982b; Turner et al. 1980) and source of afferents to other amygdaloid nuclei (Krettek a ...
... Bechara et al. 1995). The lateral amygdaloid (LAT) nucleus, a major recipient of cortical and thalamic sensory pathways to the amygdala (Amaral et al. 1992; LeDoux et al. 1985; Romanski and LeDoux 1992; Russchen 1982b; Turner et al. 1980) and source of afferents to other amygdaloid nuclei (Krettek a ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
The Big Picture File
... functions that are beyond our conscious control • The efferent portions are divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions • Some organs receive input from both parts of the Autonomic Nervous System ...
... functions that are beyond our conscious control • The efferent portions are divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions • Some organs receive input from both parts of the Autonomic Nervous System ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.