![Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/012860516_1-18994e062cfe6f69eabca4b45cae79fa-300x300.png)
Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following
... mean values of determined parameters from 66 ER on 11 animals (six strongest ER were evaluated in each animal) are presented in Table 1. Similarly as in coughing, kainic acid injections given to PRG prevented the appearance of any sign of ER (Fig. 3) in all 213 tests of glottal stimulation. Aspirati ...
... mean values of determined parameters from 66 ER on 11 animals (six strongest ER were evaluated in each animal) are presented in Table 1. Similarly as in coughing, kainic acid injections given to PRG prevented the appearance of any sign of ER (Fig. 3) in all 213 tests of glottal stimulation. Aspirati ...
PDF file
... although its meaning is often restricted to motor effectors (muscles), not necessarily including glands. Regulated by a DP, the developmental agent has its “skull closed” throughout the lifetime. The “skull” of the network encapsulates the network from its external physical environment, leaving its ...
... although its meaning is often restricted to motor effectors (muscles), not necessarily including glands. Regulated by a DP, the developmental agent has its “skull closed” throughout the lifetime. The “skull” of the network encapsulates the network from its external physical environment, leaving its ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... instead citral vs. valeric acid, are unclear; and, also in contrast to the present study, subjects were asked to rate the odours for pleasantness and intensity after (and not during) collecting the neuroimaging data. It is thus an open question in humans whether there are differences in the represen ...
... instead citral vs. valeric acid, are unclear; and, also in contrast to the present study, subjects were asked to rate the odours for pleasantness and intensity after (and not during) collecting the neuroimaging data. It is thus an open question in humans whether there are differences in the represen ...
Learning Innate Face Preferences
... have previously modeled the self-organization of both the primary visual cortex and higher regions, nor have any simulated the large retinal and cortical area needed to process the large stimuli tested with newborns. Using HLISSOM, we demonstrate how patterns found during REM sleep could explain a n ...
... have previously modeled the self-organization of both the primary visual cortex and higher regions, nor have any simulated the large retinal and cortical area needed to process the large stimuli tested with newborns. Using HLISSOM, we demonstrate how patterns found during REM sleep could explain a n ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... are described in full in Celada et al., (2001). At the end of the experiments, rats were killed by an overdose of anesthetic. The placement of the stimulating electrodes was verified histologically. Rats were transcardially perfused with saline followed by 10% formalin solution (Sigma). Brains were ...
... are described in full in Celada et al., (2001). At the end of the experiments, rats were killed by an overdose of anesthetic. The placement of the stimulating electrodes was verified histologically. Rats were transcardially perfused with saline followed by 10% formalin solution (Sigma). Brains were ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly unique to scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by walls, hillsides, and other topographical features, which can b ...
... hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly unique to scenes, such as large extended surfaces defined by walls, hillsides, and other topographical features, which can b ...
Saccades and multisaccadic gaze shifts are gated by different
... saccades, when the head is immobilized. In cats, they pause for the total duration of gaze shifts, when the head is free to move. In the present study, carried out on alert cats with fixed heads, we present observations made during self-initiated saccades and during tracking of a moving target which ...
... saccades, when the head is immobilized. In cats, they pause for the total duration of gaze shifts, when the head is free to move. In the present study, carried out on alert cats with fixed heads, we present observations made during self-initiated saccades and during tracking of a moving target which ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... between region CA3 and the entorhinal cortex may also be modified, forming stronger connections between each element of the memory and the patterns of activity occurring in other cortical areas. Whatever the case, this distributed change in the pattern of synaptic connectivity will allow later retri ...
... between region CA3 and the entorhinal cortex may also be modified, forming stronger connections between each element of the memory and the patterns of activity occurring in other cortical areas. Whatever the case, this distributed change in the pattern of synaptic connectivity will allow later retri ...
View Full Page PDF
... (slow-wave) sleep (4, 19, 207, 240). During large-amplitude EEG slow oscillations, virtually all cell types in the cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neu ...
... (slow-wave) sleep (4, 19, 207, 240). During large-amplitude EEG slow oscillations, virtually all cell types in the cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neu ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... slices and in vivo. One of the first demonstrations of associative synaptic plasticity in neocortex was with intracellular recordings from cat motor cortex in vivo (Baranyi & Fehér 1981). Baranyi & Fehér (1981) paired synaptic input from the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus with stimulation o ...
... slices and in vivo. One of the first demonstrations of associative synaptic plasticity in neocortex was with intracellular recordings from cat motor cortex in vivo (Baranyi & Fehér 1981). Baranyi & Fehér (1981) paired synaptic input from the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus with stimulation o ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... sensorimotor coordination can be mediated, by small ensembles of cells. Insect motor systems have proven to be relatively complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findin ...
... sensorimotor coordination can be mediated, by small ensembles of cells. Insect motor systems have proven to be relatively complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findin ...
Combinatorial structures and processing in Neural Blackboard
... The assembly or web-like structure of a concept representation entails that concepts representations are ‘in situ’ [4]. That is, wherever a concept is activated it always consists of the activation of the assembly of that concept or a part of it. In this view, it is not possible to make a copy of a ...
... The assembly or web-like structure of a concept representation entails that concepts representations are ‘in situ’ [4]. That is, wherever a concept is activated it always consists of the activation of the assembly of that concept or a part of it. In this view, it is not possible to make a copy of a ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in response to age-related decreases in presynaptic release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, there are age-related postsynaptic s ...
... presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in response to age-related decreases in presynaptic release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, there are age-related postsynaptic s ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... In most sensory systems, neurons form a map of sensory space through the organized projection pattern of their axon terminals. One consequence of this anatomical organization is that the ensemble response of a population of neurons to a particular sensory stimulus will be represented as a unique spa ...
... In most sensory systems, neurons form a map of sensory space through the organized projection pattern of their axon terminals. One consequence of this anatomical organization is that the ensemble response of a population of neurons to a particular sensory stimulus will be represented as a unique spa ...
Goldstein - Chapter 9
... Caption: These pictures represent images that Kosslyn’s (1978) participants created, which filled different portions of their visual field. (a) Imagine elephant and rabbit, so elephant fills the field. (b) Imagine rabbit and fly, so rabbit fills the field. Reaction times indicate how long it took pa ...
... Caption: These pictures represent images that Kosslyn’s (1978) participants created, which filled different portions of their visual field. (a) Imagine elephant and rabbit, so elephant fills the field. (b) Imagine rabbit and fly, so rabbit fills the field. Reaction times indicate how long it took pa ...
Neural Crest_Origin, Migration and Differentiation
... Differentiation of the Neural Crest When are neural crest lineages specified? Most evidence, until recently, has generally supported the view that neural crest cells are multipotent when they initiate migration, and that their differentiation is controlled by environmental cues that they perceive as ...
... Differentiation of the Neural Crest When are neural crest lineages specified? Most evidence, until recently, has generally supported the view that neural crest cells are multipotent when they initiate migration, and that their differentiation is controlled by environmental cues that they perceive as ...
PDF
... The location of these sites in the precentral gyrus is shown in Figure 7. A similar cluster of ten hand-to-mouth sites was found in monkey 2. In all cases, the movement appeared to be natural and coordinated. We never evoked a hand-to-mouth posture in which the hand faced away from the mouth, in whi ...
... The location of these sites in the precentral gyrus is shown in Figure 7. A similar cluster of ten hand-to-mouth sites was found in monkey 2. In all cases, the movement appeared to be natural and coordinated. We never evoked a hand-to-mouth posture in which the hand faced away from the mouth, in whi ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... a trial. The network consists of one pool of inhibitory neurons (upper rasters, labeled I) and six pools of excitatory neurons, five of them selective to different stimuli (rasters labeled 1 through 5) and one of unselective neurons (unlabeled rasters). Within selective populations, neurons are coup ...
... a trial. The network consists of one pool of inhibitory neurons (upper rasters, labeled I) and six pools of excitatory neurons, five of them selective to different stimuli (rasters labeled 1 through 5) and one of unselective neurons (unlabeled rasters). Within selective populations, neurons are coup ...
V1 mechanisms underlying chromatic contrast detection
... contrast detection. J Neurophysiol 109: 2483–2494, 2013. First published February 27, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00671.2012.—To elucidate the cortical mechanisms of color vision, we recorded from individual primary visual cortex (V1) neurons in macaque monkeys performing a chromatic detection task. Roughl ...
... contrast detection. J Neurophysiol 109: 2483–2494, 2013. First published February 27, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00671.2012.—To elucidate the cortical mechanisms of color vision, we recorded from individual primary visual cortex (V1) neurons in macaque monkeys performing a chromatic detection task. Roughl ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... pensable for rationality. At their best, feelings point us in the proper direction, take us to the appropriate place in a decision-making space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a persona ...
... pensable for rationality. At their best, feelings point us in the proper direction, take us to the appropriate place in a decision-making space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a persona ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... (Gallese et al, Attention and Performance, 334-355, 2002). The consequent suggestion was that the double-duty operation (action-execution and action-observation) is performed by a small circuit which is constituted by a few cortical areas such as area F5 of the ventral premotor cortex, area 7b/PF of ...
... (Gallese et al, Attention and Performance, 334-355, 2002). The consequent suggestion was that the double-duty operation (action-execution and action-observation) is performed by a small circuit which is constituted by a few cortical areas such as area F5 of the ventral premotor cortex, area 7b/PF of ...
The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... the motor cortex to the brain stem and spinal cord, however, several cortical and subcortical centers, including the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, have posed their influence on the motor cortex to ’shape’ the final, descending signal. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum exert their influence on ...
... the motor cortex to the brain stem and spinal cord, however, several cortical and subcortical centers, including the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, have posed their influence on the motor cortex to ’shape’ the final, descending signal. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum exert their influence on ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... using the same three consecutive Nissl-stained sections. The thickness of each individual lamina was measured via ten perpendicular lines using an × 10 objective. Results were expressed as mean laminar thickness in μm per region for Cln5−/− mice and controls. Counts of neuronal number To examine neu ...
... using the same three consecutive Nissl-stained sections. The thickness of each individual lamina was measured via ten perpendicular lines using an × 10 objective. Results were expressed as mean laminar thickness in μm per region for Cln5−/− mice and controls. Counts of neuronal number To examine neu ...
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on
... data on the anatomical images and identifying standard landmarks, data from each subject were transformed into the standardized coordinate system of Talairach and Tournoux (Talairach & Tournoux, 1988). Functional data were blurred using a 4 mm full width half maximum Gaussian filter. These data were ...
... data on the anatomical images and identifying standard landmarks, data from each subject were transformed into the standardized coordinate system of Talairach and Tournoux (Talairach & Tournoux, 1988). Functional data were blurred using a 4 mm full width half maximum Gaussian filter. These data were ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg?width=300)
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.